Since the endotoxic fever is mediated essentially by endogenous pyrogen (EP), we have examined the possibility that the central cAMP is involved in the mechanism of biphasic fever induced by endotoxin, as in the case of biphasic fever induced by EP. The results showed that administration of endotoxin in rabbits elicited typical biphasic fever. The fluctuation of concentration of cAMP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) paralleled with the change of the rectal temperature, similar to that of the bipbasic fever caused by EP. Raised level of cAMP in plasma was observed only in the first phase. The cAMP concentration in CSF correlated positively with the febrile response. The correlation of cAMP levels in CSF and plasma was observed only in the first phase but not in all the febrilic periods. These findings indicated that the mechanism of endotoxic biphasic fever is associated with the Change of central cAMP. Content. The raised level of cAMP in CSF during fever is likely to represent the biosynthsis in brain regions. However, the possibility that the raised cAMP in plasma enters CSF in the first phase is not excluded.

The signals of body temperature from 4 different febrile patterns were sampled for power spectral analysis. The results showed that the spectrums had no difference between their distribution in frequency domain, only a low frequency peak has been seen. The values of the power spectrum varied directly to the intensity of the febrile responses. A high degree of relationship was found between the power spectral density and thermal response index (TRI).

AIM: To study the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) on the production of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) in U937 cells. METHODS: PMA differentiated U937 cells were cocultured with PMN in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. Sodium azide was added in the culture. The supernatants of cell culture were collected and TNF-? was assayed with ELISA. RESULTS:The inhibitory effect of PMN on the production of TNF-? in U937 cells was observed. Sodium azide restored the TNF-? production in U937 cells/PMN coculture to the extent of 45% in concentration of about 10～15 ?mol/L. These concentrations of sodium azide did not affect TNF-? production by U937 cells. The restoration effect of sodium azide on PMN inhibition was not related to blocking of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The MPO inhibitors 3-amino-1,2,4,-triazole and 4-aminobenzoyl hydrazide had few effect on PMN inhibition. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that PMN inhibition depended on the cell-cell interactions. Sodium azide may be a useful reagent for further studying this mechanism.

Objective:To study the correlations between ethics morality, society, psychological cognition and health and disease. Methods:A total of 356 patients were selected to analyze the influence to health and disease from six perspectives that included family ethics, social morality, life style, interpersonal relationship, mental health, and personality traits. Result:Psychosomatic diseases were occurred in 126 cases, and 220 cases of neuro-sis diseases. The disease incidences in the subjects with high cognitive level were significantly lower than those with low cognitive level (P<0. 01). The cognitive levels of family ethics, social ethics, life style, interpersonal rela-tionship, and mental health were closely related to health and disease (P<0. 05). Conclusion:The cognitive lev-els of ethics morality, society, psychology were closely associated with disease. It should be vigorously advocated that the whole society follow the ethics morality standards, to prevent diseases.

Objective To investigate the early neurotoxicity of rotenone on dopaminergic neurons and explore an ideal tissue model. Methods A long-term midbrain slice culture system of SD pup was established according to the interface tissue culture method.After rotenone was added for some time,its toxic effects on the whole slices and the dopaminergic neurons were identified through the measurements of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) released into the medium from the slices and dopamine(DA) content from the cultured tissue,as well as the observations of immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase(TH). Results In those cultures exposed to rotenone for 24 h,the level of DA in tissue dramatically decreased with the concentrations rising.The processes of TH-positive neurons in slices demonstrated some morphological changes,such as appearance of string of beads,reduce of numbers and even disappearance.The content of dopamine in tissue was dominantly decreased with 5 nmol/L rotenone for 14 days,although its cellular morphology was not seen to change.Conclusion Long-time stable midbrain slice culture system has been set up successfully.The neurotoxicity of rotenone on the whole slices and dopaminergic neurons shows a dose-dependent manner.The functional damages on the neurons may be earlier than their morphological changes,of which the injury in the processes of neurons seems to be an early characteristic.

The bystander effect(BE) plays an important role in the gene therapy of cancer by the herpes thymidine kinase/ganciclovir(HSV-TK/GCV) system.It enhances the therapeutic efficacy of this system.Up to now,the exact underlying mechanism of the bystander effect remains unclear.A large body of evidence has indicated a close correlation of the connexin expression and gap junction in the targeted cells to the bystander effect.Here the publications concerning the relationship of gap junction with the bystander effect in the HSV-TK/GCV treatment have been reviewed.The possible cell death signals that can be transferred through gap junction to induce the bystander effect are also discussed.

Intracranial stent implantation induces platelet-monocyte aggregate, regulates activities of monocyte, induces monocyte expression tissue factors, and promotes fibrin deposition in thrombus at vessel injury site, which promotes inflammatory reaction. P substance significantly increases following stent implantation; platelet ? particle-derived soluble CD 40L, which can promote platelet aggregation, also increases after stenting. Flow cytometry, platelet aggregation, soluble platelet activation-related molecule in serum are used to determine platelet activation and aggregation in blood of 30 patients before and after stent implantation from Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, so as to explore blood coagulation reaction characters after intracranial stent implantation

Objective To discuss the feasibility and safety of early enteral nutrition (EN) on treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and its influence. Methods The advancement about application of early EN on treatment of SAP in recent years were reviewed. Results In patients with SAP, early EN via catheter placed in the jejunum could protect the integrity of intestinal barrier and reduce infectious complications. But no consensus had been reached about the starting time, ingredient and infusion mode yet. Conclusion Early EN may have positive effects on treatment of SAP, but further researches are still needed.

Periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs) are not only the crucial type of cells in maintaining dynamic homeostasis and wound repair of periodontal tissues but also the basis for novel therapeutic strategy for periodontal regeneration.Although possessing the excellent proliferation and differentiation ability,PDLSCs behave differently under various conditions representative of several influential factors.Understanding of these influential factors will help us to exploit more about PDLSCs,and more importantly,lead a new modality in treating periodontal diseases based on stem cells.Here we review multiple important factors affecting function of PDLSCs and propose its use in future regenerative therapy of periodontal defects.

Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of different modes of the cataract operation. Methods Firstly, 291 cases of cataract inpatient were divided four groups according to operation modes (PHACO and ECCE) and the prices of intraocular lens (IOL) (high and low). Then the comparisons of inpatient cost, operation cost, postoperative VA, postoperative VF and QOL were made among four groups respectively. Finally, the cost-effectiveness of different cataract operation modes was analyzed by comparing the differences of their costs with the VA, VF and QOL improvement. Results There were significant differences in the above indicators among four groups in general (P 0.01). The VA improvement amount of PHACO was higher than that of ECCE whereas the VF and QOL improvement lower than those of ECCE. The price of IOL had no effect on the improvement quantity of VA, VF and QOL. When one unit amount of VA improvement wanted, the cost-effectiveness ratio of inpatient with PHACO and low-price IOL was the lowest. When one unit amount of VF and QOL improvement wanted, the cost-effectiveness ratio of patients with ECCE and high-price IOL was the lowest. When one unit amount of VA and QOL improvement wanted, the operation cost-effectiveness ratio of ECCE with low-price IOL was the lowest. And when one unit amount of VF improvement wanted, the operation cost-effectiveness ratio of ECCE with high-price IOL was the lowest. Conclusions There were cost differences among different cataract operation modes. The cost of PHACO was higher than that of ECCE. The ECCE mode and price of IOL were the main determinants of cost. The effects of improving VA and QOL by ECCE were better and the effect of improving VA by PHACO was better than by ECCE. The homemade or low price IOL had no influence on the cataractous operative effectiveness, but could decrease the operation cost. ECCE with low-price IOL was the optimal cost-effectiveness strategy and operation mode, especially for poor rural and remote areas.