Objective To introduce the mechanisms of graft injuries after small-for-size liver transplantation and protective measures.Methods Recently relevant literatures were reviewed and summarized.Results Portal hypertension after small-for-size liver transplantation induces mechanical injuries as well as hepatic sinusoidal microcirculation disturbance and cytokines release,which worsened the injuries.Decrease portal pressure by surgery or drug could improve grafts function.Conclusion Comprehending the mechanisms of graft injuries will contribute a lot for the living donor liver transplantation.

Objective To analyze the influence of anticoagulants on platelet count .Methods A total of 5 patients with decreased platelet level ,detected by using haemocyte analyzer and samples anticoagulated by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid dipotassium (EDTA‐K2 ) ,were enrolled ,and EDTA‐K2 ,sodium citrate ,heparin lithium ,sodium fluoride anticoagulated venous blood samples and fingers peripheral blood samples were collected and detected for platelet by using haemocyte analyzer and microscopic detection . Wright‐Giemsa′s stained cell smears were prepared and observed by using microscope .Results Platelet levels of anticoagulated samples ,detected by haemocyte analyzer and microscopic detection were obviously decreased ,and with large platelet aggregation ob‐served under microscope .Platelet levels of finger peripheral blood samples detected by haemocyte analyzer and microscopic detection were normal ,and without platelet aggregation observed under microscope .Conclusion Various anticoagulants could cause pseudo‐thrombocytopenia ,and fingers peripheral blood samples ,without anticoagulants ,should be used for platelet count to obtain accurate results .

Objective] To observe Zhuang medicine tendons back muscle fasciitis therapy clinical efficacy.[Methods] 90 patients were treated randomly and divided into treatment group and control group. Treatment group, Zhuang medicine tendons therapy(massage and tendons fire needle + Zhuang medicine cupping); control group using traditional Chinese medicine therapy(Chinese massage techniques+EA+cupping) treatment once every other day, five times as a course, of two courses, and observe the effect. [Results] The treatment group: the total efficiency 93.33%; control group: the total effective rate 71.11%. The total effective rates had difference( P<0.05), the difference was statistical y significant. [Conclusion] Zhuang medicine tendons therapy for myofascitis had clinical efficacy, easy to operate, safe, with appropriate application.

Because there are the fiber connections between striatum and substantia nigra, the striatal infarction may result in the secondary degeneration of the substantia nigra. In recent years, there have been a series of characteristics on secondary lesions of the substantia nigra, pathophysiological mechanisms, and the studies of how to detect the patients with striatal infarction in vivo. This article reviews the advances in this field.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Baquting (hemocoagulase for injection)for hemostasis in biliary surgery. Methods A total of 240 patients were divided into hemocoagulase group (n=120)and control group (n=120).Normal saline was used instead of hemocoagulase in the control group.The two groups were compared in terms of intraoperative blood loss,blood loss per unit area, total drainage volume at 3 d after operation,and transfusion volume of suspended red blood cells (RBCs)in the perioperative period,and the effect of hemocoagulase on coagulation function was evaluated.Comparison of measurement data was made by t test.Results Compared with the control group,the hemocoagulase group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss (94.3 ±11.4 vs 128.6 ±10.3 ml,t =24.456,P<0.05),significantly less blood loss per unit area (0.2 ±0.1 vs 0.3 ±0.2 g/cm2,t=4.899,P<0.05),and significantly lower transfusion volume of RBCs (0.7 ±0.3 vs 1.9 ±1.1 U,t=11.529,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in coagulation function between the two groups before and after operation (P>0.05).Conclusion Hemocoagulase is effective and safe in preventing and treating bleeding during and after biliary surgery and can reduce intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and requirement for suspended RBC transfusion in the perioperative period.

The impact of glucagon on diabetes mellitus has become a hot area at present .Researchers hold that both the lack of isletβcells and islet αcells dysfunction exist in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Glucagon plays an important role in the occur-rence and development of T1DM, such as regulating the blood glucose and βcell function.Currently, a new therapy model represented by incretin is emerging , aiming at adjusting islet αcells function.And it has the prospect of becoming a new treatment of T 1DM be-sides insulin.Here we summarize the effect of glucagon on blood glucose and βcell function in T1DM, as well as the progress of T1DM treatment with glucagon as the therapeutic target .

Objective To analyze the association of serumγ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level with kidney function in essential hypertension patients.Methods 500 patients with essential hypertension were selected.They were divided into high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) group,normal renal function group,mild renal function decline group,and moderate or severe renal function decline group based on GFR.The fasting blood glucose,serum lipid,routine laboratory tests,hepatic and renal function were detected by routine methods.The one way ANOVA test was used to show differences among groups,and the relationship of serum GGT with GFR was assessed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions.Results There were 500 hypertension patients [(56.03 ±7.38)years old,240 males and 260 females] enrolled in this study.Among them,43 (23/20) cases were in the high GFR group,161 (82/79) cases were in the normal renal function group,219(105/114) cases were in the mild renal function decline group,and 77 (30/47) cases were in the moderate or severe renal function decline group.The sex,blood pressure,heart rate,body mass index,fasting blood glucose,blood lipid level had no statistically significant differences among the groups (all P ＞ 0.05),but the age,aspartate transaminase (AST),alanine transaminase (ALT) and GGT had statistically significant differences among the groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed:age (r =0.278,P =0.002) was negatively associated with GFR,while AST (r =0.159,P =0.003),ALT (r =0.352,P ＜ 0.001) and GGT(r =0.237,P ＜ 0.001) were positively correlated with GFR.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the serum GGT (β =0.146,95％ CI 0.099,0.282,P ＜0.001) was also positively correlated with GFR.Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the level of GGT was positively correlated with GFR in essential hypertension patients,and monitoring the changes of serum GGT may have significant effect on kidney function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of rehabilitation therapy at early stage following spinal cord injury on the patients function recovery.Methods88 cases with spinal cord injury were divided into early rehabilitation group(n=50) and control group (n=38) according to the start time of the rehabilitation therapy (within 2 weeks or after 3 months).Rehabilitation assessment of the patients with Barthel index and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was carried out before and 3 months after the rehabilitation therapy respectively.ResultsBarthel index and FIM score all improved after the rehabilitation therapy in two groups, but the improvements were more significant in early rehabilitation group(P<0.01).ConclusionEarly rehabilitation treatment improves the function of patients with spinal cord injuries.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin combined with amiodarone in treatment of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods 120 patients with paroxysmal AF were randomly divided into two groups and 60 cases in each group.The control group was treated with amiodarone on the basis of conventional treatment,while the observation group was treated with atorvastatin on the basis of the control group.The diameter of left atrial before and after treatment was observed.The onset time,the sinus rate of cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rate were recorded.The clinical efficacy and adverse events of two groups were compared.Results After treatment,the diameter of left atrial of observation group was (31.81 ± 7.03) mm,which was significantly lower than (40.23 ± 7.32) mm before treatment (t =14.706,P ＜ 0.05).And it was (36.88 ± 7.61) mm of control group,which was lower than (40.19 ± 7.45)mm before treatment (t =13.625,P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the value of the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (t =18.238,P ＜ 0.05) after treatment.The onset time,sinus rate of cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rate in observation group were better than the control group (t =6.14,x2 =7.38,7.15,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the total effective rate of the observation group was 96.7％,and the adverse reaction rate was 8.3％,while that in the control group was 75.0％ and 26.7％.The efficacyand safety of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin combined with amiodarone can shorten the inner diameter of the left atrium,reduce the recurrence of AF and persistent AF.It is effective and safe.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of sulfonic acid L-amlodipine and its influence on vascular endothelial function in treatment of primary hypertension.Methods Two hundred primary hypertension patients(hypertension group) were divided into amlodipine group and telmisartan group by random digits table method with 100 cases each.The patients of amlodipine group were given the sulfonic acid L-amlodipine treatment,while the patients of telmisartan group were given the telmisartan treatment.The change of systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),nitric oxide (NO),endothelin (ET)-1 and blood lipid before and after treatment,and the adverse reaction were observed continuously for 4 weeks.Also 80 cases of healthy people (control group) were included as a comparative study.ResultsBefore treatment,the lipid levels,blood pressure,NO,ET-1 of hypertension group showed significant difference compared with those of control group (P ＜0.05).The effective rate of amlodipine group and telmisartan group was 97.0％(97/100) and 88.0％(88/100) respectively,and there was significant difference between two groups (x2 =5.838,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,DBP and SBP of amlodipine group and telmisartan group significantly improved,the difference was significant compared with that before treatment [(77.93 ±24.74) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) vs.(103.37 ±34.46) mm Hg,(113.83 ±36.14) mm Hg vs.(167.74 ± 55.91) mm Hg and (85.93 ± 27.28) mm Hg vs.(104.23 ± 34.74) mm Hg,(135.93 ± 43.15)mm Hg vs.(164.57 ±54.86) mm Hg] (P ＜0.05).The blood pressure of amlodipine group meliorated more significantly,and the difference was significant compared with that of telmisartan group (P ＜ 0.05).NO and ET-1 of amlodipine group basically reached normal levels,and the difference was significantly compared with that of telmisartan group [(70.28 ±22.31) μmol/L vs.(50.97 ± 16.99) μmol/L,(60.93 ± 19.34)μ mol/L vs.(51.15 ± 17.05) μ mol/L and (52.69 ± 16.73) ng/L vs.(69.38 ± 23.13) ng/L,(65.71 ± 20.86)ng/L vs.(71.58 ± 23.86) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse reaction was not observed during treatment.Conclusions The clinical efficacy of sulfonic acid L-amlodipine on vascular endothelial function in treatment of primary hypertension is obvious and safe,which could improve the endothelial dysfunction.So this method is worthy of popularizing.