This paper introduces the temperature rising experimental process and some matters needing attention when the transformer is normally loading. And an analysis of the uncertainty for transformer's temperature rising is also made based on the practical examples' data.
Electricity ; Equipment Safety ; Temperature ; Uncertainty

PBL teaching method is a new mode of teaching which is originated from the West and implemented into China in recent years with an expectation that it would mainly develop the students’ self-learning ability,and enhance their skills of comprehensive thinking and solving actual problems.The author summarizes the practical experience of using PBL teaching methods in the theory teaching in Department of Medical Microbiology and Human Parasitology,China Medical University in the past three years,and then proved this method is very helpful to improving the students’integrated thinking by analysis of sample.At the same time the results also suggested that the students showed high enthusiasm in discussing the cases.By this way,the students showed great subjective intiative in their studies.

The present study is to investigate the quality changes of ginseng stems and leaves before and after frost. The contents changes of ginsenoside, free amino acid, and total phenolic compounds, as well as DPPH radical scavenging effect before and after frost were measured. The content of 9 ginsenoside monomer in ginseng stems was decreased except for Rg, and Re after frost, but in ginseng leaves was all decreased. The total content of amino acids was decreased in ginseng stems after frost, while increased in ginseng leaves. The content of phenolic compounds in ginseng stems and leaves were both decreased after frost while the ability of DPPH radical scavenging was improved. The factor of frost has great impact on the quality of ginseng stems and leaves.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Freezing ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Quality Control

objecfive To know and compare the intelligence level of children born in different time periods in regions with iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)in Liaoning province.Methods All 7-14 year-old children from ten schools were chosen as the subjects respectively from six villages in each of the six counties and in regions with iodine deficiency,who were respectively born at the initialization of iodinated salt supplying period(1978-1980);non-iodinated salt supplying period(1981-1990);recovery of supplied iodized salt period(1991-1995);universal iodized salt period(1996-2000),respectively.Intelligence quotient(IQ)was measured by Combined Ravens Test in China(CRT-C)and Combined Ravens Test-the Rural,in China,2nd edition(CRT-RC2).Results IQ of children during the non-iodized salt period(91.9±14.3)was significantly lower than the initial supply of iodized salt period(95.8±14.6,q=8.60,P<0.01),recovery of supplied iodized salt period(99.7±14.7)was significantly higher than the initial supply of iodized salt period, non-iodized salt sales period(q = 9.53, 18.13, all P < 0.01 ),universal salt iodization( 104.3 ± 14.9) was significantly higher than the initial supply of iodized salt period, non-iodized salt sales period, recovery of supplied salt iodization(q = 20.00,28.00,10.46, all P < 0.01). Children's rate of mental retardation (IQ≤69) was higher in non-iodinated salt supplying period (6.7%, 88/1314 ) than the initial supply of iodized salt (4.4%, 21/471, χ2 = 3.85, P < 0.05), recovery of supplied iodized salt period(3.3%,48/1470) was significantly lower than non-iodinzed salt supplying period (χ2 = 15.37, P < 0.01), universal salt iodization period(2.7%, 36/1344) was lower than the initial supply of iodized salt period(χ2 = 4.41, P < 0.05) and non-iodinzed salt supplying period(χ2 = 26.34, P < 0.01 ). The IQ and intelligent retarded rates in children born during the initial years of iodinated salt supplying period were not different. The IQ of the children during ten years of non-iodized salt supplying period fluctuated in a "∪" curve, while the intelligent retardation rates in a "∩" curve.The children born during the period of recovery supplied iodized salt increased their IQ and lowered the retardation rates year after year. The IQ of the children in universal iodized salt period kept on increasing while intelligent retarded rates reduced to the lowest level. Conclusions The intelligence level of children born in regions with IDD during non-iodized salt supplying period is remarkably lower than that of the beginning years of iodinated salt supplying period. The intelligence level of children born after universal iodized salt period is remarkably higher than that of the initial iodinated salt supplying period and recovery of supplied iodized salt period, respectively.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated p65 gene knockdown on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.

METHODSp65-targeted miRNA plasmid was constructed and transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells via lipofectamine(TM)2000. The expression of p65 gene in the transfected cells at the mRNA and protein levels were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blotting in the transfected cells.

RESULTSCompared with the negative control group, the expressions of p65 mRNA and protein in p65miRNA-trasnfected cells were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). MTT assay showed significantly lowered viability of MDA-MB-231 cells after the transfection (P<0.05). FCM showed an increased cell apoptosis rate in p65miRNA group compared with that in the negative control group (P<0.05). Caspase-3 and PARP were both cleaved into their active forms and the expression of these active forms was increased in p65miRNA group.

CONCLUSIONThe miRNA targeting p65 gene can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells, and p65 gene might become a new target in gene therapy for human breast cancer.

Apoptosis ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVEThe etiology of developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) remains uncertain, but some research has shown that this disorder is closely related to hip joint laxity. This study examined the expression of collagens type I and III mRNA and protein in the hip capsule of children with DDH in order to investigate the roles of collagens type I and III in hip joint laxity.

METHODSNine children with DDH and nine age and gender-matched normal children (control group) were enrolled. Semiquantitative RT-PCR method was used to detect mRNA expression of COL1a1 and COL3a1 in the hip capsule. Western-Blot method was used to detect protein expression of COL1a1 and COL3a1 in the hip capsule. The quantitative analysis of the COL1a1 and COL3a1 was performed by professional image software and the results were analyzed with standard statistical methods.

RESULTSmRNA and protein expression of COL1a1 in the DDH group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, COL1a3 mRNA expression in the DDH group decreased significantly (P<0.01), but COL1a3 protein expression was not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONSThe decreased collagen I mRNA and protein expression in the hip capsule might contribute to hip joint laxity in children with DDH. Collagen type III may not be associated with hip joint laxity in DDH.

Blotting, Western ; Child ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Collagen Type I ; analysis ; genetics ; Collagen Type III ; analysis ; genetics ; Female ; Hip Dislocation ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnosis and therapy of mediastinal enterogenous cysts in children.

METHODSClinical data of 17 cases with mediastinal enterogenous cysts within 19 years in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSOne case was intramural esophageal cyst and 16 cases were enteric cysts, two among which were complicated with abdominal enteric duplications. Most cases presented with symptoms of respiratory distress. Twelve cases were complicated with vertebral anomalies. Ultrasound of 12 cases and magnetic resonance imaging of 4 cases were helpful in confirming the cystic nature of these lesions. Eight cases had technetium-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy of posterior mediastinum.

CONCLUSIONSMost patients present with symptoms of respiratory distress, complicated with vertebral anomalies. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful in confirming the cystic nature of these lesions. Technetium-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy is the most effective method for differentiation of the disease from other mediastinal cysts.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mediastinal Cyst ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the accuracy and value of the placement of metallic clips during colonoscopy in the localization of colorectal cancer and incision selection.

METHODSA total of 30 patients received metallic clip placement by colonoscopy before operation. Abdominal plain film (supine and upright position) was taken and incision was determined by the projection of clips on the abdominal wall.

RESULTSThe inaccuracy rate of localization by colonoscopy was 30%(9/30). Colonoscopy combined with the placement of metallic clips achieved an accurate incision rate of 100% (30/30).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a considerable rate of inaccuracy for localization in colonic cancer by colonoscopy. Colonoscopy combined with placement of metallic clips should be considered in order to select a reasonable incision.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colon ; surgery ; Colonic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Instruments

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Erzhi Pill (二至丸,EZP) on nerve cell apoptosis in senescence model rats.

METHODSThe rats model of senescence was established by peritoneal D-galactose injection combined with thymusectomy. Forty SD rats were randomized into four groups, the normal control group, the senescence model group, the EZP treated group, and the vitamins treated group, 10 in each group. The rats were made into senescence model except those in the normal group. In the same time of D-galactose injection, the rats were treated respectively with distilled water, EZP 4.32 g/kg, and vitamins E and C 0.06 g/kg daily for 6 weeks via intragastric infusion. The index of main viscera (as brain, testis, etc.), serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) were measured after a 6-week treatment. Meanwhile, the cerebral cortex neuronal apoptosis proportion and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSBoth EZP and vitamins E and C treatments showed effects on increasing testis index and serum level of T-AOC, reducing the percentage of neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex, and elevating MMP in the aging rats model.

CONCLUSIONSEZP could inhibit the cerebral cortex neuron apoptosis and maintain the mitochondrial function in the senescent process of rats induced by peritoneal D-galactose injection combined with thymusectomy. It also shows antioxidation effect to some extents.

Aging ; blood ; drug effects ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Breast capillary hemangioma is a type of benign vascular tumor which is rarely seen. Little is known about its presentation on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Here, we describe a case of suspicious breast lesion detected by DCE-MRI and pathologically confirmed as capillary hemangioma. Our case indicates that a small mass with a superficial location, clear boundary, and homogeneous enhancement on DCE-MRI indicates the possible diagnosis of hemangioma, whereby even the lesion presents a washout type curve.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Contrast Media/*diagnostic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hemangioma, Capillary/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods