Embryonic stem cells(ESCs),a kind of totipotent cells,can differentiate into cell type of the 3 germ layers.Adult stem cells(ASCs) are pluripotent stem cells,which can self-renew and transdifferentiate into a completely different tissue derivative cells.Thus ASCs can transdifferentiate into germ cells in a certain condition.Great progress has made for the study on human ESCs.However,use of ESCs faces the immunological rejection,oncogenicity and ethical controversies problems,and these limit their uses for treatment of human diseases.On contrast,ASCs can advoid these problems,and they may have a better perspective.Germ cells as carriers of genetic materials,are worth of studying.If male germ cells can be derived from ASCs,this will open the possibilities for the use of these cells for male infertillty in clinical application.In this review,we will introduce the progress on derivation of male germ cells from ESCs and ASCs.

Objective To observe the expression and distribution of angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3) in kidney of adriamycin(ADR)-induced nephrotic rats, and to explore the possible association of ANGPTL3 with the development of proteinuria and hyperlipidemia. Methods Adriamycininduced nephrotic rat models were established by a single injection of adriamycin via the tail vein. Immunohistochemical staining (IHS)and dot-ELISA were used to examine the expression and distribution of ANGPTL3 in kidney and the level of ANGPTL3 in serum of ADR rats at day 7,14, 21 and 28 after adriamycin injection. Results (1) In ADR rats, urinary protein and the level of triglyceride and cholesterol in serum increased significantly at day 14 (P

The HPLC-UV-Fluorescence technique and HPLC-UV-MS technique were used to determine fluorescence molecule in gastric juice of patients with malignant gastric cancer,which is identified as tryptophan. Lidocaine was detected in gastric juice of patients who were examined by gastric endoscopy. A method was developed to determine concentration of tryptophan and lidocaine in gastric juice using HPLC-UV technique,in which Kromasil C_(18) column(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm) and methanol(containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA))-water(containing 0. 1% TFA) as gradient mobile phase were used. The linear relationships were obtained between the concentration of tryptophan in the range of 0.5 - 200 mg/L and its peak area at 278 run with correlation coefficient of 0.9994,and between the concentration of lidocaine in the range of 20 -5000 mg/L and its peak area at 254 nm with correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The limit of detection is 0.15 mg/L for tryptophan and 5 mg/L for lidocaine. The recovery is 70. 8% - 110. 4% for tryptophan and 87. 1% -116.2% for lidocaine. 38 gastric juice samples of patients with malignant gastric disease and 48 gastric juice samples of patients with benign gastric disease were tested and the concentration of tryptophan in those two groups of gastric juice samples was apparently different.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of grow-inhibition and apoptosis induced by marine on Hep-2 line. Methods The growth inhibiting rate of matrine on Hep-2 cells was detected by MTT assay. Fluorescence microscope, DNA gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry (FCM) were applied to determine the presence of apoptosis and cell cycle. Results Matrine had cytotoxic effect to Hep-2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The FCM analysis showed that the number of Hep-2 cells of S phase and the apoptosis rate increased, while the number of G2/M phase decreased. There were morphological changes including chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and apeptotic bodies formed. DNA gel electrophoresis analysis showed typical DNA ladder of apoptosis. Conclusion Matrine inhibits cell prolif-eration by blocking Hep-2 cell cycle to S phase, and exerts its anti-carcinoma function by inducing apoptosis.

Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bleomycin ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dysgerminoma ; pathology ; Etoposide ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gonadoblastoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; methods ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Isoenzymes ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Abortion, Spontaneous ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To compare clinical outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycle by using fresh and cryopreserved-thawed testicular and epididymal spermatozoa in azoospermic patients.Methods Between September 2006 and May 2007,208 azoospermic patients underwent in vitro fertilization(IVF)were treated in Center of Reproductive Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital.Those couples were divided into two groups based on their wishes,including 171 cases in fresh group and 37 cases in cryopreserved-thawed group.The cryopreserved testicular or epididymal spermatozoa were thawed and recovered before ICSI procedure iu thawed group.The outcomes of ICSI in each group were compared.including clinical outcomes(two pronuclear fertilization,high quality embryo,clinical pregnancy and embryo implantation)and pregnancy outcomes(spontaneous miscarriage,gestational weeks and neonatal birth weight).Results (1),The utilization rate were 92%(23/25)in cryopreserved-thawed testicular spermatozoa and 100%(12/12)in epididymal spermatozoa.(2)Between fresh and cryopreserved-thawed groups,no statistical difference was observed in two pronuclear fertilization rate[62.25%(973/1563)vs.64.53%(282/437),P=0.960],high quality embryo rate[78.9%(768/973)vs.79.1%(223/282),P=0.985],clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer[44.4%(60/135)vs.46.9%(15/32),P:0.688]and embryo implantation rate[29.3%(84/287)vs.33.3%(23/69),P=0.508].(3)No significant difference between flesh and cryopreserved group was found in spontaneous miscarriage rate (11%vs.7%,P＝1.000),gestational weeks(single birth:39.0 weeks vs.38.7 weeks,P:0.538;twins:36.8 weeks vs.36.3 weeks,P=0.571)and birth weight(single birth:3409 g vs.3350 g,P=0.699;twins:2584 g vs.2635 g,P=0.703).Conclusion It suggested that tissue from the azoospermic patients who underwent diagnostic testieular and epididymal biopsy should be eryopreseved for IVF-ET.

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCP) assay were applied to rapidly detect the molecular variability in CP and SP genes among seven isolates of Rice stripe virus in China. The PCR results showed that the CP gene of JD isolate and SP gene of PJ isolate could not be amplified. SSCP analysis showed that there were completely different electrophoretic pattern of CP gene among six isolates. To SP gene, SSCP results also discovered polymorphisms. There were five patterns among these isolates, and the pattern of YL and BS isolates were same.

Objective:To provide scientific evidence for infection prevention and control by analyzing the risk factors of surgical site infection, which can move forward the gateway of infection prevention and control.Methods:The surgery-related information of patients admitted to the Department of General Surgery and Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Guangnan Hospital of Yunnan province from November 2016 to August 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. According to whether postoperative surgical site infection occurred, the patients were divided into an infection group and a non-infection group. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of surgical site infection.Results:A total of 9 346 patients, consisting of 117 patients in the infection group and 9 229 patients in the non-infection group, were included for final analysis. In the infection group, the incidence of surgical site infection was 1.25%. Multivariate analysis showed that hypoproteinemia ( OR = 2.585), unclean incision ( OR = 3.243 and 5.125), and operation duration more than 3 hours ( OR = 2.315), blood transfusion ( OR = 2.239), drainage tube placement ( OR = 2.133) and indwelling catheter placement ( OR = 1.973) were the independent risk factors for surgical site infection, while prophylactic use of antibiotics was a protective factor ( OR = 0.383). Conclusion:Individual factors, operation-related factors, and treatment-related factors are closely related to the occurrence of surgical site infection. Much attention should be paid to the clinical issues like preoperative hypoproteinemia, perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics and postoperative drainage tube and indwelling catheter placement.

Inquiry is the main method of history taking. The training should not be limited to the medical inpatients inquiry. Different training scenes should be taken. The outpatient history inquiry needs a similar clinic room and set time limit, and focuses on key point history inquiry as well as document writing. Some principles in emergency inquiry are introduced, such as SAMPLE principle. The key points of inquiry of different patients including elderly patients, child patients, traumatic patients and drug addiction patients are also introduced. Through the combination of theory and practice mode, the group discussion and role-play, different scenes design and standardized patients application, reasonable design of teaching hours and content distribution, as well as feedback in time, optimal teaching effect can be finally achieved.