Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a common consequence of perinatal asphyxia,occurring in up to 56％ of these infants,which can cause multiply organ dysfunction and neonatal death.This review summaries the development of early detection indexes in laboratory and clinic such as novel biomarker,urinary protein,urinary enzyme,renal blood flow velocity by pulse Doppler ultrasonography,and treatment in AKI post neonatal asphyxia.It provides more positive meanings on early detection,early management and eventually mortality reduction.

Neonatal gastrointestinal dysfunction was closely related to postnatal growth retardation.Looking for an early specific indicator to reflect gastrointestinal function was important.Calprotectin was a calciumzinc binding protein mainly in human neutrophil granulocytes,which was the marker of acute inflammatory cell activation.Fecal calprotectin was expressed at high levels during the neonatal period and was significantly higher in the intestinal damage,which could be used as the marker of intestinal illnesses (such as feeding intolerance,neonatal diarrhea,necrotizing enterocolitis).This review will summarize the characteristics of fecal calprotectin in neonates and its clinical significance as a noninvasive marker of intestinal illnesses during the neonatal period.

With the development of screening and early diagnosis for breast cancer, the detected rote of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increase markedly in recent decades. However, we know little about the biological potential of DCIS and its natural history. Controversy also exists with regard to the optimal management of DCIS.

Ameloblastoma ; pathology ; Bone Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; pathology ; Chondromatosis ; pathology ; Chondrosarcoma ; classification ; pathology ; Enchondromatosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; classification ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; pathology ; Societies, Medical ; United States ; World Health Organization

The incident of colorectal cancer are closely related to factors such as genetics, life styles, dietary patterns, external environment, enteral environment, and exercise. Epidemiological studies of geographic regions with different eating habits have shown that the incidence of CRC varies as diets change. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms

Some of the clinical manifestation of primary immunodeficiency disease in children is similar with that of hematological system diseases in children.It would result into the change of one or multiple lines of blood cells, which would lead to infection or malignant tumors.To strengthen the awareness of the hematologic manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases will be beneficial for doctors in the diagnosis of diseases,judgment of complication and prog-nosis.

Kawasaki disease ( KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitic syndrome. Since there is no specific diagnostic test for KD, the diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical menifetations according to the criterias and excluding of other diseases. Recently the value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP) in the diagnosis of KD has been paid more attention gradually. The plasma NT-proBNP level is significantly elevated in KD patients in the acute phase. It is of some specificity and sensitivity, and it may due to the local myocardial inflammation, cytokines and diastolic function of left ventricular. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which the elevated levels of plasma NT-proBNP occur in the acute phase of KD.

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is defined as a patient is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, without signs and symptoms or radiographic evidence of tuberculosis (TB). Until recently, the only test to identify latent tuberculosis infection was the tuberculin skin test (TST). But in BCG-vaceinated or non-mycobacterium tuberculosis infected individuals TST may be false positive and some babies or immunocompromised individuals have negative results on TST even they were proved to be with TB disease. So it is in need of a new method with higher sensitivity and specificity to diagnose LTBi. More recently, a new diagnostic method of interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) was paid close attention, and in some countries it replaced TST and became the final diagnostic method of LTBI. IGRA has high specificity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis without being influenced by BCG vaccinated or non-mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In people with normal immune systems, the sensitivity of IGRA is same as TST for TB disease, and in immunocompromised individuals the sensitivity of IGRA is higher than TST. IGRA will have important application in diagnosis of LTBI although it cannot absolutely take the place of TST.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on cervical surface electromyographic signals and explore the mechanism of its action on cervical muscle fatigue in patients with cervical spondylosis.Method All enrolled patients with cervical spondylosis received electroacupuncture treatment. Surface electromyography was performed in the patients before and after the first and one course of electroacupuncture treatment. An evaluation was made using a short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire before and after one course of electroacupuncture treatment. Pre- and post-treatment surface electromyographic RMS values and questionnaire scores were statistically analyzed and compared within the group.Result There were statistically significant differences in cervical erector spinae and upper trapezius RMS values during head lateral flexion and backward extension between before and after the first or one course of treatment (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the questionnaire sub-scores between before and after one course of treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can markedly reduce cervical muscle fatigue in patients with cervical spondylosis. Surface electromyography as a noninvasive and objective evaluation method has a broad application prospect.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)are closely related to the tumorigenesis,proliferation, metastasis and clinical outcome,whihc play important roles in the process of drug resistance of many tumor cells.Recently,research indicates that many lncRNAs regulate drug resistance of tumor cells through a variety of signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore,it is also found that after blocking the relevant tar-gets can reverse this chemoresistance.