OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the utilization of narcotic analgesic drugs in outpatients of our hospital.METHODS:Narcotic analgesic drugs prescribed in outpatient prescriptions of our hospital from Aug.2005 to Aug.2006 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Among patients over 60 years old,the ratio of using pethidine hydrochloride injections and all narcotic analgesic drugs is significantly higher in those with cancer pain than those without(P

Cancer molecular epidemiology focus on distribution and pathogenesis of tumor markers in high-risk populations and cancer patients.Cancer molecular epidemiology tries to open the "black box" and to elucidate the nature of cancer through the measurement and evaluation of exposure and response to carcinogens and individual genetic susceptibility,involving the fields of etiology,preventive medicine and clinical medicine.We need rigorously strengthen the design and implementation of cancer molecular epidemiology,the research and application of TM should enhance the principles of quality,evidence and ethics.With the utility of new subject tools such as proteomics,cancer molecular epidemiology which combines the advantages of multi-subjects is now quickly changing.

OBJECTIVE:To study the formulation and preparation technique of sterilized puerarin powder for injec?tion.METHODS:The formulation of puerarin powder for injection was optimized by choice of suitable excipients and the sta?bility was observed by accelative test.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The sterilized puerarin powder for injection is stable in quality when lactose and PVP were taken as excipients and the powder was frozen at-30℃and dried up under subatomo?spheric pressure for36h.

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The TCM theory of XueyuYundu believes that blood stasis and poison is the fundament of endometriosis. Long term of blood stasis may convert to poison and further aggravate the blood stasis. This article has summarized literatures about poison stasis syndrome and blood stasis syndrome. On this basis, we introduced a self-made prescription, QuyuJiedu Decoction, and the theoretical and laboratory study progress of this decoction, for the purpose of providing a new method for treating endometriosis.

Objective To study the effects of thyroid hormone (TH) on synaptophysin (syn) expression in rat cortex and hippocampus during developing period. Methods The experimental animals were divided into four groups: (1) Hypothyroidism group: the pregnant maternal rats had been given 0.02% methimazole(MM)water since 5 days, the infant rats suffered from innate hypothyroidism. (2)T4 substitution group: innate 0 days. (4)Normal control group: The pregnant rats were given a normol diet and water, yielding infant rats used as normal matched control. The expression of synaptophysin mRNA were measured by in site hybridization. Results (1) In the normal control group synaptophysin expression showed a characteristics layer distribution in the cortex and hippocampus. The expression was very low at O day, the peak of expression was at 4 days. During the following days, the expression was reduced gradually, reaching nearly the level in the adulthood by 30 days. (2)Synaptophysin expressions in hypothyroidism group were significantly lower than those in normal control group(P＜0. 01). In hypothyroidism group the peak of synaptophysin expression was delayed by 3 days, attaining the high peak on 7 days. (3) Synaptophysin expressions in T4 substitution group were significantly higher than those in hypothyroidism group at 4 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 30 days, but were still lower than the levels in normal group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01, except 7 days synaptophysin expression at hippocampus DG,P＞0.05). (4)Synaptophysin expressions in T4 hyperthyroidism group were significantly higher than those in normal control group at 14 days、21 days、30 days(P＜0.05 or P＜0. 01). Conclusion The results suggested that reduced thyroid hormone, T4 substitution, and T4 hyperthyroidism led to the changes of synaptophysin expression in the rat cortex and hippocampus, resulting in an adverse effect on synapses occurrence and related nerve circuit establishment,with appearance of peerless neuronal place or mistaken nerve thoroughfare, thus hindering the development and function of the brain. Timely T4 substitution therapy is an important way to correct the disturbance in synapses development of the central nervous system due to deficient thyroid hormone.

Objective To investigate the usefulness of calcium and phosphorus supplementation in parenteral nutrition for extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants.Methods According to the inclusion criteria,66 ELBW infants hospitalized after birth in neonatal ward of Tongji Hospital from June 2009 to December 2012 were divided into three groups with random number table:28 infants in the first group were treated with parenteral nutrition without calcium and phosphorus supplementation,21 infants in the second group were treated with parenteral nutrition with calcium supplementation only,and 17 infants in the third group was treated with parenteral nutrition with calcium and phosphorus supplementation.The blood levels of ionic calcium,blood phosphorus,and urine calcium and creatinine were determined once a week (total of 4 times).The speed of sound (SOS) was detected for shin bones by quantitative ultrasound at the date of admitting and the end of 4weeks.Results After administrations of supplementation,the blood levels of ionic calcium in the second group were significantly higher than those in the first group [on the 14th day,(1.82 ± 0.35) mmol/L vs.(1.14 ±0.47) mmol/L,t=5.800,P=0.005;onthe21stday,(1.77±0.45) mmol/Lvs.(1.07±0.43) mmol/L,t=5.492,P=0.004; on the 28th day,(1.61±0.58) mmol/Lvs.(0.92±0.44) mmol/L,t=4.556,P=0.025].The blood levels of ionic calcium in the third group were also significantly higher than those in the first group [on the 14th day,(1.55 ± 0.30) mmol/L vs.(1.14 ± 0.47) mmol/L,t =3.570,P =0.001 ; on the 21st day,(1.58 ±0.38) mmol/L vs.(1.07 ±0.43) mmol/L,t =4.151,P=0.000; on the 28th day,(1.55 ±0.35) mmol/L vs.(0.92 ±0.44) mmol/L,t =5.302,P =0.003].The blood levels of phosphorus were significantly elevated in the third group compared with those in the first group [on the 14th day,(1.86 ±0.10) mmol/L vs.(1.65 ±0.17) mmol/L,t=5.217,P=0.012; on the21st day,(1.88 ±0.14) mmol/Lvs.(1.61 ±0.13) mmol/L,t =6.442,P=0.003; on the 28th day,(1.89 ±0.15) mmol/L vs.(1.58 ±0.14) mmol/L,t =6.891,P =0.000] and the second group [on the 14th day,(1.86 ± 0.10) mmol/L vs.(1.53 ±0.15) mmol/L,t =8.100,P=0.000; on 21st day,(1.88 ±0.14) mmo/Lvs.(1.57 ±0.14) mmol/L,t =6.787,P =0.000; on the 28th day,(1.89 ± 0.15) mmol/L vs.(1.62 ± 0.18) mmol/L,t =5.043,P =0.000].The calcium-to-phosphorus ratios markedly increased in the second group compared with those in the first group (on the 14th day,0.69 ±0.18 vs.0.33 ±0.14,t =7.601,P =0.000; on the 21st day,0.66±0.16 vs.0.37 ±0.14,t =6.62,P=0.001 ; on the 28th day,0.62 ±0.15 vs.0.39 ±0.12,t =5.776,P =0.005) while declined in the third group (on the 14th day,0.14 ± 0.10 vs.0.33 ± 0.14,t =5.294,P =0.010; on the 21st day,0.13 ± 0.12 vs.0.37 ± 0.14,t =6.102,P =0.002; on the 28th day,0.12 ± 0.11 vs.0.39 ± 0.12,t =7.711,P =0.000).The third group showed significantly increased SOS values than those in the first and second groups [(381 ± 87) m/s vs.(135 ± 87) m/s,t =9.815,P =0.000;(381 ±87) m/s vs.(146 ±68) m/s,t =9.774,P=0.000].Conclusions Proper supplementation of calcium and phosphorus via parenteral nutrition can achieve increased bone mineral contents and stable blood ionic calcium and phosphorus levels,and avoid hypercalciuria in ELBW infants.PN therapy with calcium and phosphorus supplementation in ELBW infants needs further studies.

Objective To determine the time course of fecal calprotectin (FC) excretion in preterm infants in the first two weeks of life and to identify influencing factors of FC levels.To explore whether FC may be an useful marker for the identification of gastrointestinal conditions in preterm infants.Methods FC concentration was measured using ELISA in 141 samples (50-100 mg)obtained from 47 preterm infants(gestational age less than 32 weeks or birth weight less than 1 200 grams)at birth,on day 7 and on day 14(The following was called FC1,FC2 and FC3 level for short).Results FC3 level was significantly higher than FC1 and FC2 levels (P ＜0.05),there were no significant differences between FC1 and FC2 levels in the 47 preterm infants(P ＞ 0.05).The FC1 level in infants whose mothers had antenatal infection was significantly higher(P ＜ 0.05).The FC2 level was negatively correlated with the antibiotic courses(r =-0.325,P ＜ 0.05).The FC2 level in infants with feeding intolerance was significantly lower than that in infants with feeding tolerance(P ＜ 0.05).The FC2 level in infants with feeding tolerance and the FC3 level in infants with feeding intolerance were positively correlated with the volume of enteral feeds,respectively (r =0.433,0.479,P ＜ 0.05).Contusion Antenatal infection and postnatal enteral feeds may lead to an increase in the excretion of FC in preterm infants.FC level was associated with enteral feeding and may be a useful marker for evaluation of gastrointestinal function in preterm infants.

Objective:To construct mammalian cell expression vector of human leukocyte antigen C gene and express it in JAR cell and study its functions.Methods:Total cell RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the cDNA was amplified by RT PCR;the cDNA fragments were directly inserted into Pbluescript KS(+/-) and the recombinant PBS HLA C was identified by restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing;then the plasmid of pcDNA HLA C was transfected into JAR cells.Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH) release assay was employed to detect the cytotoxicities of NK cells proliferated in vitro against HLA C transfectants JAR cells.Results:The recombinant mammalian cell expression vectors of pcDNA3 HLA C was constructed,the sequences of the insert was identical to the published sequences encoding HLA Cw *0602 gene.Several transfected JAR clones were obtained,which expressed HLA Cw *0602 in high level and constitutively.The specific lysis was detected for NK cells stimulated by IL 2 against JAR cells and HLA C transfectants JAR cells.But both cells were resistant to freshly isolated PBL cells.Conclusion:The recombinant mammalian cell expression vectors of pcDNA3 HLA Cw *0602 was successfully constructed,JAR cells resistance to NK lysis could involve an HLA C independent mechanism.