Objective: To evaluate the value of DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging) of MR (magnetic resonance) and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) in diagnosis, staging and grading of bladder cancer. Methods: The DWI images of 73 patients with bladder masses were collected and the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of bladder cancer were evaluated. The ADC values of bladder cancer, the surrounding structures, the urine and the bladder inflammation were measured. The staging based on the DWI of bladder cancer was compared with pathology. The ADC values of different grades of urothelial carcinoma were determined and compared. Results: The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of bladder cancer by DWI were 92.3%, 75.0% and 90.4%, respectively. The mean ADC values of bladder cancer, the bladder inflammation, the surrounding structures and the urine were (0.97±0.25)×10-3, (1.49±0.15)×10-3, (1.47±0.13)×10 -3 and (2.57±0.17)×10-3 mm2/s, respectively. There were significant differences between bladder cancer and the surrounding structures, urine, and bladder inflammation. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to distinguish Tis-T1 and T 2-T4 bladder cancer by DWI were 93.2%, 68.8% and 86.7%, respectively, which were 77.3%, 50.0% and 70.0% by conventional MRI sequences, respectively. There was a difference between DWI and conventional MRI sequences (P = 0.027). The mean ADC values of high- and low-grade urothelial carcinoma were (0.78±0.13)×10-3 and (1.14±0.21) ×10-3 mm2/s. There was a significant difference between high- and low-grade urothelial carcinoma (P < 0.01). By using the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve, given the ADC value of 1.04×10-3 mm2/s considered as a threshold for distinguishing high- and low-grade urothelial carcinoma, the sensitivity and specificity were 84.8% and 91.7%, respectively. Conclusion: DWI and ADC value are helpful in diagnosis, staging and grading of bladder cancer. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the national assessment programs of sampling and testing policy. METHODS:Questionnaire was designed to investigate the drug manufacturers’attitude and suggestions to the national assessment programs of sampling and testing policy;SPSS 18.0 software was adopted to analyze the data;a reliability analysis was conducted for the 17 variables in the table;and a principal component analysis was conducted for the topics with strong correlation. RE-SULTS:A total of 340 questionnaires were sent out,314 were effectively received with the effective rate of 92%. the total internal consistency reliability coefficient Alpha was 0.92;the awareness coefficient of enterprise on the evaluation of sampling and testing was 9.78;4.24 enterprises were relatively agree the evaluation of sampling and testing;the attitude coefficient of enterprise on the improvement of evaluation of sampling and testing was 13.39;and the average score of enterprise on the overall satisfaction scoring was 8.73. CONCLUSIONS:The drug enterprises show high overall recognition for the national assessment programs of sampling and testing policy,and willing to cooperate with the development,and hoping the policy can be improved.

Adult ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; Regeneration ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Salvianolic acids are the main water-soluble active compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza and have been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Based on the latest studies in China and abroad, we summarize the pharmacological effects and mechanism of salvianolic acids on ischemic heart disease by describing how salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B protect the vascular endothelium, relax coronary arteries, promote angiogenesis and anti-platelet aggregation, inhibit the inflammatory response, anti-cell apoptosis, and scavenge free radicals. This review provides a theoretical basis for further research on the effects of salvianolic acids on ischemic heart disease and their potential for drug development.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), which has been considered to be exclusively caused by stenosis or occlusion of coronary artery, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the main pathological basis of ischemic heart disease and reperfusion injury, and moderate mitochondrial autophagy can selectively remove damage proteins and organelles to maintain intracellular homeostasis, so mitochondrial autophagy is important for maintaining the homeostasis of cardiomyocytes. Natural drugs from plants are widely used in ischemic heart disease. In recent years, more and more natural drugs have been proven to alleviate myocardial cell damage after ischemia/reperfusion through mitochondrial autophagy. This paper reviews the research progress of natural drugs from plants medicines regulating mitochondrial autophagy in the treatment of ischemia heart disease.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology

Acetamides ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Diseases ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for large benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods A total of 56 cases of patients with large benign prostatic hyperplasia were analyzed retrospectively.Results The weight of prostate tissue resected with TURP was 60.2 g (48-122 g).The resection rate was 60％,operation time 113.4 min (70-180 min).The lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after TURP was improved significantly.The international prostate symptom scores (IPSS) of 38 cases were decreased from (25.6±1.5) before operation to (6.0± 2.0) after operation.The maximum urine flow rate were increased from (5.0±1.9) ml/s to (18.0±4.5) ml/s.The mean residual urine volume of 22 cases were reduced from 95 ml (40-250 ml) to 10 ml (0-60 ml).Conclusions Skilled TURP technology for large benign prostatic hyperplasia is a safe treatment with good effect and low complications rates.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase C-theta ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; cytology ; Th1 Cells ; cytology ; Young Adult

Insertion of foreign genes into the genome map of Chinese herb always produces the intended beneficial effects, but also the unintended effects. Analysis of genomic function and metabolic end products based on the principle of substantial can reveal the influence on the quality of herbs, which is able to provide valuable refer-ence for the following evaluation on pharmacology and toxicology.