Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for the VX2 liver tumor near the hepatic main blood vessels of rabbits by using dosimetry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and by analyzing path-ological changes and survival. Methods:Rabbits with VX2 liver tumor adjacent to the abdominal aorta were divided into the HIFU (n=32) and control groups (n=20). MRI-guided HIFU was employed for the ablation of the liver tumor in the HIFU group. The ablation vol-ume and the energy efficiency factor (EEF) of the 32 ablated rabbits were further analyzed. MRI and pathology were used to compare the changes in the tumor before and after HIFU. The survival of the animals in the HIFU and control groups was also determined. Re-sults: Both pathology and imaging showed that the rabbit liver VX2 tumor adjacent to the abdominal aorta was completely ablated, with an EEF of (25.72±11.40) J/mm3. The survival rate was significantly higher in the HIFU group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: HIFU ablation is safe and effective in rabbit VX2 liver tumor near the abdominal aorta. This approach significantly in-creases survival.

Objective To study the electrolyte status of 50 infants with severe pneumonia. Method By means of retrospective way to analyze the electrolyte level of blood sample from 50 young children. Results The sequences of electrolyte disturbances in the 50 young children with severe pneumonia were hyponatremia(34%), hypokalemia(30%),hypocalcemia(18%),hypochloremia(16%),hypernatremia(12%),and heperkalemia(10%). Conclusion Young children with severe pneumonia often have electrolyte disturbances of various kinds at the same time; electrolyte evaluations of blood samples from such young children should be done routinely, so that problems can be found early, and correcting measures be taken in time.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of osthole on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in rat was made by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 h and followed by reperfusion for 24 h.Osthole 5 and 10 mg/kg were iv injected through sublingual vein at 1 h after the onset of ischemia,respectively.After 24 h of reperfusion,the influence of osthole on neurological behaviour deficit score,brain edema,and infarct size were evaluated.The activity of Na+,K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase,and myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the ischemic hemisphere cortex of the middle cerebral artery area was assayed by spectrophotometry.The level of IL-8 was detected with radioimmunoassay.Results Osthole significantly reduced the neurological behaviour deficit score,brain edema,and infarct size,enhanced the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase,inhibited the activity of MPO,and decreased the level of IL-8 in the brain tissue.ConclusionThe results suggest that osthole could attenuate the brain damage following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and its mechanism may be partly related to the inhibition of inflammation and brain edema induced by ischemia-reperfusion.

Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Carbamazepine ; adverse effects ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug Eruptions ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B15 Antigen ; genetics ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Skin ; pathology ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics

Objective To examine the relationship of the inhibitory effect of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β1 in HK2 cells with the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and PI3K-Akt pathway. Methods The cultured HK2 cells were divided into the following groups: normal control group, TGF-β1 (5 μg/L) group, VEGF (100 μg/L) group, TGF-β1 plus VEGF group. LY294002 (25 μmol/L), the blocker of PI3K-Akt pathway, was added to each of above-mentioned groups for the second part of the study, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin expressions of HK2 cells were assessed with double-stain immunocytochemistry method. The mRNA and protein expressions of α-SMA and CTGF of cells were assessed with RT-PCR and Western blot. The expressions of fibronectin (FN) and collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) in medium were assessed with ELISA. Results The expressions of α-SMA and CTGF significantly increased in HK2 cells treated with TGF-β1 compared with those in normal control (P<0.05), while significantly decreased in cells co-treated with TGF-β1 and VEGF compared with those treated with TGF-β1 alone (P<0.05, respectively). The expression of E-cadherin was exactly opposite to that of α-SMA. When LY294002 was added to TGF-β1 and VEGF co-treated cells, the expressions of α-SMA, CTGF, FN and Col Ⅰ were markedly up-regulated, when compared with those without LY294002 treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Inhibitory effect of VEGF on TGF-β1-induced EMT of HK2 ceils in vitro may be related to down-regulation of CTGF expression and reduction of FN and Col Ⅰ, which may be partly dependent on PI3K-Akt pathway.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO),metabolites of the intestinal microflora,is a newly discovered risk factor for cardiovascular disease.The intestinal flora converted choline and L-carnitine into trimethylamine in the food.Trimethylamine is oxidized to TMAO in liver enzymes.Lowering TMA can stimulate macrophages to reverse cholesterol transport and inhibit atherogenesis.TMAO poietin-monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is a tool for cholesterol metabolism and reverse cholesterol transpor,lowering FMO3 can slow the gallbladder's secretion of bile,delay intestinal absorption of cholesterol,and limit the synthesis of oxidized cholesterol and cholesterol esters.TMAO in the blood can up regulate scavenger receptors in macrophages,and promote accumulation of cholesterol and formation of foam cells in macrophages,thereby promoting vascular plaque formation and promote the inflammatory response by MAPK and nuclear factor kappa B pathway.TMAO concentrates on affecting cholesterol metabolism,increasing insulin resistance,promoting platelet aggregation,increasing thrombosis,promoting vascular inflammatory response and directly leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.Lowering TMAO levels can potentially prevent or treat atherosclerotic related diseases and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The intestinal flora of the TMA/FMO3/TMAO pathway is the major pathway regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation.

A scientific and appropriate construction of curriculum of medical ethics such as teaching hours,teaching content,teaching methods and examination & evaluation in Institute of Medicine and Nursing is to improve the effectiveness of the teaching of medical ethics,to fulfil its goal of fostering applied skilled medical talents,and to meet the needs for the talents in the development of time so that students can better access and understand medical ethics for the sake of facing and dealing properly with problems related to medical ethics work in their future medical work.

The preparation method, serum stability, efficiency of cellular uptake and apoptosis induction of the cell penetrating peptide TAT and cleavable PEG co-modified liposomes loaded with paclitaxel (C-TAT-Lipo) were investigated. The best preparation procedure was performed by orthogonal test based on single factor screening method. First, the paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded liposomes were prepared by filming-rehydration method, evaluated with entrapment efficiency and polydispersity index. The morphology of C-TAT-Lipo was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Turbidity variations were monitored in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to evaluate the serum stability of the liposomes developed here. Next, the efficiency of cellular uptake of different Rho-PE-labeled liposomes on B16F1 cells in vitro was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry. The quantitative analysis of apoptosis induced by different PTX-loaded liposomes was performed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The optimal formulation was as follows: Chol : lipid: 1 : 8 (molar ratio); drug : lipid: 1 : 40 (mass ratio); lipid concentration: 3 mmol x L(-1); temperature of hydration: 25 degrees C. The mean size and polydispersity index of C-TAT-Lipo were about (97.97 +/- 3.68) nm and 0.196 +/- 0.037, the zeta potential was (-0.89 +/- 0.45) mV, the entrapment efficiency of paclitaxel was (90.16 +/- 1.53)%. The particle sizes did not exhibit significant variations in 50% FBS over 24 h at 37 degrees C. The efficiency of cellular uptake of the C-TAT-Lipo increased 1.40 fold following the cleavage of PEG. Apoptosis analysis showed 59.3% increase of the apoptosis and necrosis profile of C-TAT-Lipo after the detachment of PEG shells, which was markedly higher than that of N-TAT-LP with or without glutathione and SL, respectively. The results indicate that the C-TAT-Lipo is successfully prepared by filming-rehydration method and shows significant antitumor activities.
Animals ; Annexin A5 ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell-Penetrating Peptides ; pharmacology ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; analogs & derivatives ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Melanoma, Experimental ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry

Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; injuries ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Welding

Objective To study the inhibition effects of 10-hydroxycamptothecinc and low molecular weight heparins on human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in nude mice.Methods Metastatic model of HCC was established in nude mice.The model mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group,10- hydroxycamptothecinc group,low molecular weight heparins group,and combined treatment group(10-hy- droxycamptothecinc and low molecular weight heparins).Tumor sizes,tumor inhibition rates,tumor metas- tases,intratumoral microvessel density(MVD),CD_(31)and AFP were evaluated.Results In comparison with the control group and the 10-hydroxycamptothecinc group,the tumor sizes of the low molecular weight heparins and the combined treatment group were significantly smaller;the tumor inhibitor rates were 0 versus 76.6%, 79.8%,94.1%;MVD were 21.1?6.5 versus 17.2?3.1,7.1?2.3 and 4.8?1.8;CD_(31)were 31.7?6.1 versus 26.2?5.2,20.9?4.7 and 19.5?2.4;the incidence of liver metastasis was 80% versus 70%,20% and 10%;lung metastasis was 70% versus 60%,20% and 10%;the peritoneal metastasis was 90% versus 60%,30% and 30%.AFP were(121.9?31.4)ng/ml versus(56.2?37.9)ng/ml,(75.6?28.7)ng/ml and(20.7?12.9)ng/ml. Inhibiting effects of growth and metastasis of HCC in 10-hydroxycamptothecinc group,low molecular weight heparins group and combined treatment group were significantly different from those of the control group(F= 9.074,P