?2 Microglobulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in the serum of 114 patients with viral hepatitis and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, and compared with 24 normal controls.Elevated serum ?2 microglobulin levels were found in acute viral hepatitis, chronic persistent or active hepatitis. The quantity of the serum ?2 microglobulin was remarkably increased in the chronic active hepatitis (P

Congenital heart disease (CHD)is the most common human congenital malformation,which is the biggest cause of infant morbidity and mortality.Even though it can be corrected by surgical operation,the patient also faces a variety of surgical complications and even the risk of disease recurrence,which brings huge economic pressure to the society.At present,the occurrence of CHD is related to the gene mutation,chromosome variation,environmental fac-tors and epigenetic inheritance.This paper focuses on the genetic basis of CHD and genetic testing technology,to deepen the understanding of the genetic basis of the disease,to provide the basis for the prevention of disease and early diagnosis.

Objective To study the changes of interferon ( IFN )- γ ,interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-6 in endometriosis. Method The levels of peripheral blood IFN-γ ,IL-4 and IL-6 in 25 patients with endometriosis (EM group) and 20 normal adults (control group) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The level of peripheral blood IFN- γ in EM group [(109.64±26.79 ) ng/L] was lower than that in control group [(155.17±30.36) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.05 ), IL-4[(33.52 ± 8.69)ng/L]and IL-6 [(44.12 ± 3.57) ng/L] were higher than those in control group [(22.52 ± 6.54), ( 15.12 ±2.63 )ng/L](P＜0.05 ).The ratio of IFN-γ/II-4(3.27±1.45 ) and IFN- γ/IL-6 ( 1.15 ± 0.56 ) in EM group were significantly lower than those in control group (6.89 ±1.68,2.54 ±1.03)(P ＜0.01 or ＜0.05).Conclusions Th1 cells shift toward Th2 cells in patients with endometriosis. Th1/Th2 ratio may be correlated with the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Objective] To analyse the case disciplines of professor Lian Jianwei treating pediatrics diseases,to deeply understand his experiences of treating pediatrics diseases,so that we can broaden the ideas of clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases. [Methods] Reorganizing and selecting pediatrics cases of professor Lian Jianwei, naming the cases according to the different ages of the sick children. Meanwhile, explore and analyse the profound meaning about the five cases, on the basis of interrelated thesis on the classical books such as Inner Canon of Huangdi, BaoYingCuoYao(Key to the Therapeutics of Children's Diseases), Xiao'er WeiSheng Zongwei Fanglun(Total Theory and Recipes of Children's Health) etc. [Results]Professor Lian Jianwei is good at treating the pediatrics diseases,he often writes out a prescription combining the in-line with the different ages, the special physiology and pathology of the children.He treats the infant who suffers the roseola of the whole body, judging the pathogenesis by his pulse, guided by the theory thatthe infant qi often has excess,using the method of dispelling mild wind and promoting eruption to cure the infant. He cured the infant who suffered from lower bone density,guided by the theory of nature and nurture complementing one another,using the method of strengthening spleen, and effect was very good. He treated the child who suffered from the abdominal pain,guided by the article of HuangDiNeiJing,using the method of benefiting spleen qi, so as to search for the primary cause of disease in treatment.He cured the child who suffered from the disease of spermatic cord hydrocele,guided by the theory of meridian doctrine.He cured the child who suffered from night-walking,guided by the theory of Zang Fu theory. Professor Lian Jianwei treats the pediatrics diseases,often combining the ancient fathers experience,using the dispersion to treat the diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors, clearing liver fire who has the excess heat syndrome of the liver,tonifying the spleen whose spleen is deficiency,clearing away the phlegm-fire who has internal disturbance of pyrophlegm. The diagnosis is accurate, and often obtains better effect. [Conclusion]The cases this article discussed are just the part of the leopard,the following researchers should study the pediatric disease cases with the Chinese theory, to feel the infant pulse,with comprehensive analysis of data gained by four diagnostic methods,and only in this way we can know the real onset and process of an illness and be a better doctor.

A model system which simulated the conditions of the human stomach was used in the experiments. Precursors NaNO2 and MNG formed MNNG and resulted in the positive mutagenic response to Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. When the concentration of the precursors was 50 mM NaNO2 and 100 mM MNG, the induced average number of revertant per plate was 4327 showed an approximate twenty fold spontaneous revertants. With diluting of the precursors, the mutagenic response was lower, showing a dose-response relationship between the mutagenic activity and the precursors concentration. It was found that, when precursor concentration was lower than 22.2 mM NaNO2 and 44.4 mM MNG, the formation of MNNG was blocked completely by the Chinese Kiwi fruit juice and mutation was inhibited. In the same concentration without the Chinese Kiwi fruit juice, the induced revertant was an approximate 13 fold of the spontaneous revertant. The Chinese Kiwi fruit could not block the formation of the MNNG when the precursors concentration was higher than 33.3 mM NaNO2, but it inhibited the mutagenic activity partly. Compared with the Chinese Kiwi fruit juice, the effect of the ascorbic acid solution in the same concentration was much less.It was demonstrated with TLC that MNNG was formed in the model system.

In order to observe the effect of Actinidia chinensis Planch fruit juice on blocking the formation of N-nitrosamide in vivo, 99 pregnant Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The rats of each group were orally given ni-trosamide precursor ethylurea (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 4.00 mmol/kg) and NaNO2 (0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 mmol/kg) respectively once a day for three days, on the 7th, 8th and 9th day of pregnancy. Half of the rats in. each group were administrated two precursors and a 4% starch solution, while the other half were administrated two precursors and the tested fruit juice.In the groups without the juice, NEU was formed in vivo, which led to a high mortality of embryos. The embryolethality was 5.21%, 43.66%, 71.7%, 85.8% and 100% respectively, and 4 pregnant rats died in the highest dosage group. However, the rats who received both the two precursors and the tested fruit juice, the living embryos and embryolethality were similar to the control groups except the highest dosage group. The none treatment group and groups only given one of the precursors were done as control groups. The results suggested that the concentrated juice could block the formation of NEU in vivo and prevent the embryotoxicity of NEU.

Objective To investigate the incidence of anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) ,and to analyze the related factors that affect the occurrence of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods In the observation group and control group,the anxiety and depression were assessed,and the influencing factors of the patients with depression were ana-lyzed.Results In the observation group,the patients with anxiety and depression (38.03%) were significantly more than the control group (23.08%),and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.28,P<0.05).The multi-variate logistic regression analysis showed that sex,course of disease,degree of culture,social support and self rated health status of five variables on COPD depression effects were statistically significant ( OR=0.413,1.534,2.651, 1.673,2.442,all P <0.05).Conclusion There is higher incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with COPD.Gender,COPD duration,education,social support and self rated health status are the important factors influen-cing the anxiety and depression of the patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α receptor Ⅱ IgG: Fc fusion protein for injection (rhTNFR: Fc) treatment in Chinese patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) and active spondyloarthritis. Methods This was a large-scale, multicenter, open-label, phase Ⅳclinical observational study. The dosage of rhTNFR: Fc was 50 mg per week, combined or not combined with other drugs. The primary endpoint of efficacy included the proportion of patients with low disease activity [simplified disease activity index (SDAI)≤11] at 3 month and 6 month. Secondary endpoint variables included clinical disease activity index (CDAI), disease activity score 28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) and health assessment questionnaire(HAQ). The primary endpoint of SpA was the ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS-CRP) at month 3. The secondary endpoints were the proportion of subjects achieving ASDAS<1.3 and ASDAS<2.1, Bath AS functional index (BASFI) and CRP. All subjects in the study were evaluated for safety. T test, χ2 test and rank sum test were used for satistical analysis. Results One thousand two hundred and seventy subjects with ERA were studied. The difference between the baseline and month 3 after treatment in SDAI, CDAI, DAS28-CRP were 26 ±16, 23 ±15, 1.86 ± 1.01 respectively (P<0.01). The above parameters 6 months after treatment were similar to those at 3 months after treatment, which demonstrated the persistence of drug efficacy. Two thousand three hundred and twenty eight subjects of SpA were studied. The difference between the baseline and 3 months after treatment in ASDAS, BASFI was 2.6 ±1.7, 3.4 ±3.8 respectively (t=73 .54, t=42 .36, P<0.01). The overall incidence of adverse events was 8.03%(289/3 598), including the common adverse events such as injection site reactions, skin rash and elevated liver enzyme levels. Adverse events were improved after proper treatment, without severe infections and tumor. These data confirmed that the overall safety of rhTNFR: Fc was good. Conclusion The study confirms that rhTNFR: Fc is effective for the treatment of ERA and SpA, and it is safe and well-tolerated.

Objective To investigate the usefulness of calcium and phosphorus supplementation in parenteral nutrition for extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants.Methods According to the inclusion criteria,66 ELBW infants hospitalized after birth in neonatal ward of Tongji Hospital from June 2009 to December 2012 were divided into three groups with random number table:28 infants in the first group were treated with parenteral nutrition without calcium and phosphorus supplementation,21 infants in the second group were treated with parenteral nutrition with calcium supplementation only,and 17 infants in the third group was treated with parenteral nutrition with calcium and phosphorus supplementation.The blood levels of ionic calcium,blood phosphorus,and urine calcium and creatinine were determined once a week (total of 4 times).The speed of sound (SOS) was detected for shin bones by quantitative ultrasound at the date of admitting and the end of 4weeks.Results After administrations of supplementation,the blood levels of ionic calcium in the second group were significantly higher than those in the first group [on the 14th day,(1.82 ± 0.35) mmol/L vs.(1.14 ±0.47) mmol/L,t=5.800,P=0.005;onthe21stday,(1.77±0.45) mmol/Lvs.(1.07±0.43) mmol/L,t=5.492,P=0.004; on the 28th day,(1.61±0.58) mmol/Lvs.(0.92±0.44) mmol/L,t=4.556,P=0.025].The blood levels of ionic calcium in the third group were also significantly higher than those in the first group [on the 14th day,(1.55 ± 0.30) mmol/L vs.(1.14 ± 0.47) mmol/L,t =3.570,P =0.001 ; on the 21st day,(1.58 ±0.38) mmol/L vs.(1.07 ±0.43) mmol/L,t =4.151,P=0.000; on the 28th day,(1.55 ±0.35) mmol/L vs.(0.92 ±0.44) mmol/L,t =5.302,P =0.003].The blood levels of phosphorus were significantly elevated in the third group compared with those in the first group [on the 14th day,(1.86 ±0.10) mmol/L vs.(1.65 ±0.17) mmol/L,t=5.217,P=0.012; on the21st day,(1.88 ±0.14) mmol/Lvs.(1.61 ±0.13) mmol/L,t =6.442,P=0.003; on the 28th day,(1.89 ±0.15) mmol/L vs.(1.58 ±0.14) mmol/L,t =6.891,P =0.000] and the second group [on the 14th day,(1.86 ± 0.10) mmol/L vs.(1.53 ±0.15) mmol/L,t =8.100,P=0.000; on 21st day,(1.88 ±0.14) mmo/Lvs.(1.57 ±0.14) mmol/L,t =6.787,P =0.000; on the 28th day,(1.89 ± 0.15) mmol/L vs.(1.62 ± 0.18) mmol/L,t =5.043,P =0.000].The calcium-to-phosphorus ratios markedly increased in the second group compared with those in the first group (on the 14th day,0.69 ±0.18 vs.0.33 ±0.14,t =7.601,P =0.000; on the 21st day,0.66±0.16 vs.0.37 ±0.14,t =6.62,P=0.001 ; on the 28th day,0.62 ±0.15 vs.0.39 ±0.12,t =5.776,P =0.005) while declined in the third group (on the 14th day,0.14 ± 0.10 vs.0.33 ± 0.14,t =5.294,P =0.010; on the 21st day,0.13 ± 0.12 vs.0.37 ± 0.14,t =6.102,P =0.002; on the 28th day,0.12 ± 0.11 vs.0.39 ± 0.12,t =7.711,P =0.000).The third group showed significantly increased SOS values than those in the first and second groups [(381 ± 87) m/s vs.(135 ± 87) m/s,t =9.815,P =0.000;(381 ±87) m/s vs.(146 ±68) m/s,t =9.774,P=0.000].Conclusions Proper supplementation of calcium and phosphorus via parenteral nutrition can achieve increased bone mineral contents and stable blood ionic calcium and phosphorus levels,and avoid hypercalciuria in ELBW infants.PN therapy with calcium and phosphorus supplementation in ELBW infants needs further studies.

Cancer molecular epidemiology focus on distribution and pathogenesis of tumor markers in high-risk populations and cancer patients.Cancer molecular epidemiology tries to open the "black box" and to elucidate the nature of cancer through the measurement and evaluation of exposure and response to carcinogens and individual genetic susceptibility,involving the fields of etiology,preventive medicine and clinical medicine.We need rigorously strengthen the design and implementation of cancer molecular epidemiology,the research and application of TM should enhance the principles of quality,evidence and ethics.With the utility of new subject tools such as proteomics,cancer molecular epidemiology which combines the advantages of multi-subjects is now quickly changing.