Objective To detect the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2 ) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to investigate their clinical significance.Methods Resected tissue of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (observation group)and adjacent normal laryngeal mucosa ( control group) from 54 patients were collectod.Accooding to histological differentiation degreo,cervical lymph node metastasis,clinical TNM staging,EGFR and COX-2 were compared.Results The expression rate of EGFR in observation group [63.0％ (34/54)] was higher than that in control group [42.6％ (23/54)] (P ＜ 0.05 ).And COX-2 in observation group [68.5％(37/54)] was higher than that in control group [35.2％ (19/54)] (P ＜0.01).The expression of EGFR and COX-2 in observation group (0.584 ±0.136,0.561 ±0.134) were significantly higher than those in control group (0.161 ±0.045,0.114 ±0.027),respectively (P ＜0.01).The expression of EGFR and COX-2 had significant difference among histological differentiation degree,with or without cervical lymph node metastasis,different clinical TNM staging (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ).Correlation analysis showed that the expression of EGFR and COX-2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma had positive correlation (r =0.602,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The expression of EGFR and COX-2 have some contribution to the incidence and development of laryngeal squamots cell carcinoma.They can be used for the different diagnosis of benign and malignant carcinoma,clinical staging and prognosis estimating.They have significant clinical values.