Objective To investigate the effects of lovastatin,a widely used antilipemic agent,on cell proliferation,migration and apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939 and explore its possible mechanism.Method After QBC939 cells were either incubated with lovastatin alone or without it as a control,the methylthiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT) assay was used to detect cell proliferation at the 24 h,48 h and 72 h mark; flow cytometry (FCM) measured apoptosis at 48 h;scratch assay was used to determine cell migration at 48h; RT-PCR and Western blot detected the expression of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6),protein kinase (PKB/Akt),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA and Akt protein at 48 h.Results Lovastatin significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner (24 h,48 h and 72 h:F=173.05,159.66,577.87 respectively,all P＜0.01).After lovastatin treatment,apoptosis induction increased (t =15.28,P＜ 0.01 ) as did early apoptosis (t =13.24,P＜0.01),while the average migration velocity was reduced (24 h and 48 h:t=6.21,5.95,respectively,all P＜0.01).The Akt protein expression and mRNA expression of IL-6,Akt,VEGF,and MMP-9 were down-regulated after lovastatin treatment.Conclusions Lovastatin can inhibit cell proliferation,migration and promote apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939.The mechanisms of suppression may be associated with down-regulation of IL-6,Akt,VEGF and MMP-9 expression.

Objective The aim of this study was to demonstrate the immunogenicity and safety of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular, component) , poliomyelitis (inactivated) vaccine (adsorbed) and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (DTaP-IPV//PRP-T) combined vaccine compared with commercially available DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), tetanus conjugate and IPV monovalent vaccine. Methods Subjects were randomly divided into three groups, Group A and Group B were DTaP-IPV//PRP-T combined vaccine (PENTAXIMTM) vaccinated at 2,3,4 months of age or 3,4, 5 months of age respectively; Group C was commercially available DTaP. Hib tetanus conjugate (Act-HIBTM) and IPV (IMOVAX PolioTM) vaccines vaccinated at 3,4, 5 months of age. All groups received booster dose at 18 to 20 months of age, with antibody titers tested. Non-inferiority analysis was demonstrated in terms of seroprotection / seroconversion rates between Group A, Group B respectively and Group C. Safety information was collected after each vaccination to assess the safety of investigational vaccines. Results The non-inferiority of DTaP-IPV//PRP-T combined vaccine vaccinated at 2,3,4 or 3,4, 5 months of age versus DTaP, Hib tetanus conjugate and IPV vaccine was demonstrated for all vaccine antigens in both primary and booster phases in terms of seroprotection/seroconversion rates. DTaP-IPV//PRP-T combined vaccine was well tolerated. The rate of solicited/unsoliciated severe adverse reactions was very low and similar to the control vaccines. Conclusion DTaP-IPV//PRP-T combined vaccine was highly immunogenic with good safety profile in Chinese infants, which was comparable to the commercially available control vaccines.