Objective To investigate the effects of ginsenoside(GS) on the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) and cytokines in THP-1 induced by ?-amyloid(A?)_(1-40). Methods Human monocyte THP-1 cell line was used as a model of microglia.The expression of phosphorylated ERK was measured by Western blotting.The concentration of cytokine interleukin(IL)-1,IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) was determined by radioimmunoassay in supernatant of THP-1 cells.Results The expression of phosphorylated ERK was enhanced and the concentration of cytokine IL-1,IL-8 and TNF-? was significantly increased in THP-1 cells stimulated by A?_(1-40) as compared with that of control group.Preincubation of THP-1 monocytes with ginsenoside(GS) for 30 min reduced the(expression)(of)(phosphorylated)(ERK)(and)(decreased)(the)(levels)(of)(cytokine)(IL-1,)(IL-8) (and)(TNF-?)(significantly)(in)(THP-1)(cells)(induced by) A?_(1-40).Conclusion Ginsenoside inhibites phosphorylation of ERK and reduces the content of cytokines in THP1 monocytes induced by A?,it may provide a novel therapy for alzheimer's disease.

Objective To elucidate potential roles of tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) in the generation and maintenance of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. Methods We followed the fate of OVA-specific CD8 + T cells in Tyk2-deficient ( Tyk2 -/- ) mice after infection with recombinant OVA-expressing BCG ( rBCGOVA ). Because the immunostimulatory BCG-derived peptides recognized by CD8 + T cells have not been defined, and the OVA is definite peptide for specific CD8 + T cells that has been accepted widely, therefore we examine the kinetics of the OVA-Ag-specific CD8 + T cell response after rBCG-OVA infection in mice.Tyk2-/- and wild type(Tyk2+/+ ) mice were inoculated with rBCG-OVA by intra-trachea( i. t. ), after the examination of bacterial growth in the lung and spleen, the population of CD8 + T cells were detected by FACS analysis, the epitope-specific CD8 + T cells were followed with tetrameric H-2Kb molecule folding with OVA257 264 peptide, and the kinetics of Ag-specific CD8 + Tc1 cells were detected by intracellular IFN-γ production in response to OVA257-264 peptide by cytokine FACS analysis. Results After rBCG-OVA challenge,the bacteria number in spleen and lung of Tyk2 -/- mice were significantly larger than those in Tyk2 +/+ mice on days 14, 21 and 49. Almost as same as that in Tyk2+/+ mice, the size of epitope-specific CD8+ T cella with OVA257-264/Kb-tetramer-positive and the CD8 +Tc1 (T eytotoxic 1 )cells positive for intracellular IFN-γ could proliferate to its peak on day 21, then contract and maintain to the memory phase in spleen and lung of Tyk2-/- mice, but the population of CD8+ T cells in spleen and lung of Tyk2 -/- mice were significantly smaller than those in Tyk2+/+ mice on days 21 and 49, the number of epitope-specific CD8+ T cells in spleen and lung of Tyk2 -/- mice were significantly decreased and the frequency of CD8 + Tc1 cells in spleen and lung of Tyk2 -/- mice significantly reduced on day 21,49 and 70 after rBCG-OVA infection. So correspond with the larger number of bacteria in Tyk2-/- mice than those in Tyk2 +/+ mice, the expansion of OVA257-264-specific CD8 + T cells and CD8+ Tc1 response were attenuated in Tyk2 -/- mice following rBCG-OVA infection. Conclusion These results suggest that the lack of Tyk2 signaling impairs the proliferation and difference of effector CD8 + T cell to rBCG-OVA infection and at least, is partly responsible for the susceptible to the rBCG-OVA infection.

Tob1 is a member of Tob/BTG anti-proliferative proteins family. Studies have shown that Tobl involves in tumor development, embryonic development, hyperostosis, behavioral capacity and so on.Tobl is intimate with tumor occurrence and development, and plays an important role in suppressing tumor development. The article focuses on the biological characteristics of the Tob1 and its relationship with tumors.

Expression of the T-type Ca2 + channels has been reported in numerous types of tumors due to their unique activation/inactivation properties. In some cancer cells, the expression of T-type Ca2+ channels is proliferation state dependent. T-type channel blockers or interfering the α1 subunit of this channel via siRNA decrease proliferation of these cells. Since T-type Ca2+ channels are not expressed in epithelial cells, selective T-type Ca2 + channel blockers maybe serve as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of certain types of cancers.

To study the effect of postural change on intraocular pressure ( lOP ) fluctuation in open angle glaucoma patients after trabeculectomy, and to discuss the value of this investigation on prognosis.METHODS:Fifty-one cases (62 eyes) of primary open angle glaucoma were selected as the research object. Perkins ophthalmotonometer was used to test lOP at the time when patient seat ( first seat ) . The patients were asked to lie supine for 25min, detected lOP, and the patients seated again (final seat), sustaining for 15min, detected lOP. According to whether the lOP range was more than 5mmHg, they were divided into high volatility fluctuation group and low volatility fluctuation group. We recorded their visual field progression ( with AGlS score) , HPA staging, in order to evaluate the correlation of lOP range with them. Reviews were made 3mo a time, and lasted for 1a, in order to evaluate the relation between lOP range and AGlS scores.RESULTS: The lOP of first seat was 18. 1+2. 2mmHg. There was no significant difference in the same position (P>0. 05 ). The lOP range was 4. 1 ± 1. 5mmHg. Low volatility fluctuation group was more likely to have low AGlS score and to be early vision HPA ( P<0. 001, P<0. 05 ) . There were significantly positive correlation between lOP range and AGlS (r=0. 412, P<0. 001); With time increasing, the number of patients whose visual field progression was increased, and the lOP was also raised. At any time the two were positively correlated (P<0. 01).CONCLUSlON:Visual field progression is related to the degree of lOP fluctuation in open angle glaucoma patients after trabeculectomy, so we can predict the prognosis of patients simply by detect lOP fluctuation. This is good to adjust the lOP control scheme.

Objective To observe the effect of doxepin hydrochloride on refractory hiccups after stroke.Methods 60 patients with refractory hiccup of post-stroke were randomly divided into 2 groups, treatment group :30 cases were given doxepin tablets 25～50 mg orally,3 times a day for 2～8 days;the control group :30 patients were orally adaine stened alprazolam 0. 4mg,3 times a day for 2～8 days. Results The total effective rate was 96. 67% in the treatment group,the total effective rate was 56. 67% in the control group,the effect of the treatment group is better than the control group( P＜0. 05 ). Conclusion The effect of doxepin hydrochloride on refractory hiccups after stroke is obvious,the method is simple,takes effect quickly,no significant side effects,the price is low.

[Objective]The article summarizes the essentials of clinical dialectical experience by professor Ye Bai,the famous TCM physician. [Medthods] From following professor Ye Bai clinical studies and his expository teaching,summarize the experience and thoughts of treat peptic ulcer,and for a case. [Results]Ye Bai deems of the main reason for the occurrence of PU is the deficiency cold of spleen and stomach, liver-stomach disharmony, and puts forward that we should pay attention to replenishing spleen,regulate qi precautions injurying yin,don't forget to activate blood in the long illness when we treat it, and emphasizes the combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation, to improve the prognosis, reduce the adverse reactions and recurrence rate of treatment principle. [Conclusion]Ye Bai has adepted in treating the PU that has a perfect effect,the experience covers ancient and new ways, worth popularzing and studing.

Objective:To explore the relationship among glycemic index (GI) ,glycemic load (GL) and cardiovascular disease risk .Methods:From Jan 2010 to Jan 2014 ,a total of 120 healthy subjects were selected .According to random number ta‐ble ,subjects were randomly and equally divided into control group and intervention group .Control group received normal diet ,while in intervention group ,GL and GI in diet were calculated using related indexes and referring to International Glycemic Index Table ;physicians and nurses formulated the diet list ,controlled the diet ,followed up regularly ,traced and surveyed .Incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases was compared between two groups .Results:Compared with control group after intervention group , there were significant reductions in GI [ (71.12 ± 4.55 ) vs . (57.82 ± 3.98 )] and GL [ (20.02 ± 3.35) vs .(15.97 ± 2.46)] in intervention group , P<0.01 both .The four-year trace survey found that mor‐bidity rate of cardiovascular diseases in intervention group was significantly lower than that of control group (3.33% vs . 16.67% ,P=0.015) .Conclusion:As important indexes reflecting postprandial glucose response caused by food ,GI and GL should be involved into daily diet system ,which can not only avoid occurrence of cardiovascular disease effectively ,but is help to control total dietary energy and blood glucose response ,and provide a more scientific and effective dietary reference for prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases .

Objective To investigate the reasons of the unusual widening of Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) and its clinical significance. Methods Clinic and MRI data of 1 case of VRS were analyzed retrospectively and related literatures were reviewed. Results VRS usually existed in the healthy adults and widening with age. In this case, VRS was a benign anatomic variant without special clinical significance. But in children, unusual widening of VRS suggested clinical significance. Conclusions Widening of VRS has no clear relation to clinical symptoms for adults. However, it is helpful in differentiation of diseases.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Chinese herbs in resisting chronic immobilization stress.Methods: The rat models of chronic immobilization stress were copied by merely constraint.Total RNA in hippocampus was extracted and primers of enkaphalin or prodynorphin were respectively added for RT-PCR reaction.Then the expressions of enkaphalin and prodynorphin in hippocampus were compared. Results: Enkaphalin mRNA and prodynorphin mRNA expressions in hippocampus markedly increased in chronic immobilization stress and the longer the more evident.Xiaoyao powder as well as decoction of four mild drugs were able to decrease the gene expression of enkaphalin mRNA,and all the three recipes were able to decrease the gene expression of prodynorphin mRNA,and the effect of Xiaoyao powder was obviously outweigh to Jinkuishenqi pill.Conclusion: enkaphalin and prodynorphin both participated in the regulation of hippocampus on stress;the regulation of endogenous opium system was one of the most important ways of the three recipes in accommodating stress.