Objective To investigate the expression and significance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the retinal neovascularization by metabolic acidosis in newborn rats. Methods One hundred and twenty newborn SD rats were randomly divided into acidosis (experiment) and normoxia (control) groups. A total of 60 newborn rats in experiment group underwent tubal feeding day for 6 days and followed by a period of recovery. The rats in the two groups were sacrificed at the 3rd, 5th, 8th, 10th, 13th and 20th day after birth, respectively. The morphologic changes of retinal vessels were estimated by observing the vascular pattern in adenosine diphosphatase stained retina flat mounts. The newborn vessels were quantified by HE staining. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect HIF-1α expression. Results In experiment group, numerous neovascularization and un-perfused area at the periphery of vessels occurred on the 10th day. The result of HE staining showed that in experiment group of 10-day old,the number of neovascular nuclei extending into the vireo was 28.78±7.53, and that of the control group was 1.22±1.48 (t=11.169,P<0.01). The results of immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of HIF-1α protein were stronger in the experiment group than in the control group on the 8th, 10th and 13th day, and there were significant differences between the two groups (108.87±15.21, 183.68±26.58 and 129.42±9.85 vs 74.98±4.50, 76.38± 3.38 and 74.78±1.86, t=4.625, 9.023 and 9.672,P<0.05). Conclusions HIF-lα might play an important role in retinal neovascularization.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Emergency Nursing ; Emergency Treatment ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosgene ; analogs & derivatives ; poisoning

Disability Evaluation ; Femur/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Lower Extremity

Objective To build the relationship model of childhood aubuse, personality, insecurity and dissociative trait in medical students. Methods Through stratified sampling,262 medical students were investiga?ted by the Personal Report of Childhood Abuse( PRCA) ,Dissociative Trait Scale( DTS) ,Self?Rating Feeling of In?security Scale( SRFIS) ,Revised NEO Five?Factor Inventory( NEO?FFI?R) . A path analysis was applied by AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) version 7.0. Results ①Childhood abuse was positively related to insecurity, dissociative trait and neuroticism( r=0.248~0.361, P<0.01) ,but was passively related to extraversion,agreeable?ness and conscientiousness( r=-0.168~-0.250, P<0.01). Insecurity was positively related to dissociative trait and neuroticism( r=0.479~0.522, P<0.01) ,but was passively related to extraversion,agreeableness and conscien?tiousness( r=-0.234~-0.324, P<0.01). Dissociative trait was positively related to neuroticism( r=0.597, P<0.01) ,but was passively related to openness, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness ( r=-0. 133~-0.453, P<0.05). ②The path analysis showed that childhood abuse was directly related to insecurity(B=0.339, P<0.01)and personality(B=-0.226, P<0.01)of medical students. Personality was directly related to insecurity and dissociative( B=-0.609~-0.363, P<0.01) . Insecurity was directly related to dissociative trait( B=0.448, P<0.01) . Personality and insecurity mediated entirely the relationship between childhood abuse and dissociative trait of medical students. The model fit indexes were χ2/ df =1.151<3.000, P=O.080>0.05,RMSEA=0.024<0.050, GFI=0.935,AGFI=0.909,NFI=0.923,RFI=0.902,IFI=0.989,TLI=0.986 and CFI=0.989. Conclusion Per?sonality and insecurity as mediated variable mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and dissociative trait of medical students. Childhood abuse has no direct effect on dissociative trait of medical students.

Objective To investigate the distribution status of coal-burning fluorosis (endemic fluorosis) areas in Luoyang and to provide scientifc evidence for making strategies in prevention and control. Methods In 2006, a household per village was chosen to carry the general survey so as of disease condition, living habits and housing structure among 941 coal-burning pollution fluorine sickness natural villages in Yanshi, Mengjin, Xin'an, Luanchuan counties and Geely area which were under the jurisdiction of Luoyang. In the general survey, the sampled village having a population of more than 500 person was considered as a major survey village, and water fluoride, 8 - 12 year-old child fluorine spot on tooth and the urinary fluoride were surveyed. Water fluoride and the child urinary fluoride determination used the fluoride ion selective electrode method, and the children's dental fluorosis used Dean method. Results The endemic fluorosis of Luoyang existed 742 in endemic fluomsis villages, compared with history, a decrease of 199 in number. Ninety-six point seven per cent( 142 543/147 419) of the households were consuming smoke-free coal. Households using intact kitchens accounted for 93.6%( 137 919/147 419). Of which 63.0%(86 889/137 919) of kitchens were mixed up with bedrooms. Total 125 060 people were using coal- fired furnace for heating, of which 87.8%(109 802/125 060) had smoke-free facilities, 12.2%(15 258/125 060) had none. Among 52 endemic villages with population of more than 500 people surveyed, a total of 183 water samples were collected, 2 had water fluoride exceeding 1.0 rag/L, the highest water fluoride being 1.04 rag/L, averaging 0.39 mg/L Sixteen villages had a prevalence rate of dental fluorosis for children less than 30.00%, accounting for 30.8% (16/52), 36 endemic villages the prevalence of dental fluorosis detection rate of more than 30.00%, accounting for 69.2%(36/52). Twenty-thrce villages had a dental fluorosis index greater than 0.6, severe dental fluorosis was not found. Real-time measurement of 1408 urine samples of children aged 8 - 12 showed that urine fluoride highest value 6.88 nag/L, the minimum value of 0.10 mg/L, geometric mean 1.10 mg/L. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis for children was 36.06%. Conclusions In Luoyang city, numbers of coal-burning endemic fluorosis villages are less than before, children's dental fluorosis has significantly declined, however some people still use kitchens connecting with bedrooms and lack smoke-free facilities, they need to be educated to change lifestyle and improve furnace to reduce soot fluoride pollution.

Objective To investigate the changes of quantitative parameters of dynamic enhanced CT in non-small cell lung cancer before and after targeted therapy,and compare them with the traditional evaluation criteria,in order to find the parameters which can be exploited for timely,objective evaluation of the effect of targeted therapy.Methods The study included 21 patients with targeted therapy who had received dynamic enhanced CT before and after treatment.Enhancement time-density curves were obtained based on the CT values of the lesion at individual time points,and the functional indices:peak height (PH),the time to peak height (Tp),the ratio of PH of the mass to aorta (M/A) and perfusion value were calculated.The effects of the treatment on these indices were evaluated and compared with the effect of the treatment on lesion diameter. Results Twenty-one patients had 33 rechecking results. There was a statistically significant agreement between lesion diameter-based treatment evaluation and perfusion-based treatment evaluation ( U =8.761,P ＜ 0.01 ). The perfusion value decreased in patients with disease regression[before treatment:(0.28 ±0.11 ) ml · min-1 · ml-1,after targeted therapy(0.18 ±0.09) ml ·min-1 · ml-1,t =- 3.2722,P =0.0042],but increased in patients with disease progression[before treatment(0.21 ±0.08) ml · min-1 · ml-1,after targeted therapy:(0.34 ±0.11 ) ml · min-1 · ml-1,t =2.6064,P =0.0403].Conclusions On dynamic enhanced CT in non-small cell lung cancer patients after targeted therapy,perfusion value changed in the same trend as the diameter of tumor.The effectiveness of targeted therapy may be evaluated by perfusion value changes.

A new thermophilic fungus J18 isolated from the soil samples was identified as Paecilomyces thermophila. This strain produced effectively xylanase utilizing several lignocellulosic materials in the solid-state fermentation (SSF) , and wheat straw was the best carbon source. The results of single-factor-experiment showed that the wheat straw of particle size 0. 3 mm ~ 0.45 mm, initial moisture content of 83% , initial pH of 7. 0 and cultivation temperature of 50℃were the optimal conditions for xylanase production. Under the optimized conditions, it produced 18 580 U/g dry substrate after 8 days of cultivation. Therefore, xylanase production by Paecilomyces thermophila in SSF possess great potential for commercial applications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methylation status of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) gene promoter and its clinical significance in children with stage IV non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and to provide a basis for further etiological study and early diagnosis of this disease.

METHODSFifty-five children with a confirmed diagnosis of stage IV NHL (40 cases of T-NHL and 15 cases of B-NHL) were selected as the case group, and 20 children with diseases other than hematologic malignancies were selected as the control group. Bone marrow samples were collected from these subjects. Methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) was applied to evaluate the methylation status of ZO-1 gene promoter, and the integrated optical density (IOD) was determined. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of ZO-1.

RESULTSMS-PCR showed that the methylated bands of ZO-1 gene promoter were found in 39 (70.9%) of 55 patients in the case group before treatment, while no ZO-1 gene promoter methylation was detected in the control group. With close tracking of 47 cases in the study group, consisting of 32 cases of T-NHL and 15 cases of B-NHL, the rates of ZO-1 gene promoter methylation prior to treatment were 72% and 67%, respectively, (P>0.572). The cases of T-NHL and B-NHL showed no significant changes in methylation rate in the early and middle phases of chemotherapy (P>0.05), but they showed significant changes in methylation rate in the late phase of chemotherapy (P<0.05). RT-PCR showed that the NHL cases carrying methylated ZO-1 gene had no mRNA expression of ZO-1, while all children in the control group had mRNA expression of ZO-1. There was no linear relationship between the total number of peripheral blood leukocytes and ZO-1 gene IOD (r=0.093, P=0.575); a positive correlation was found between the number of malignant cells in bone marrow and ZO-1 gene IOD (r=0.669, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONSZO-1 gene shows a hypermethylation status in children with NHL, and the methylation level is positively correlated with the number of malignant cells in bone marrow. ZO-1 may be used as a novel molecular marker in early diagnosis, outcome assessment, prognostic evaluation, and detection of minimal residual disease.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; genetics ; Male ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein ; genetics

Objective To explore the mechanism of protecting cells from hypoxia/ reoxygenation (H/R) injury by constructing specific small interference RNA (siRNA) to inhibit NALP3 expression in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E).Methods (1) To establish the H/R injury model of NRK-52E by regulating the pressure of N2 in incubator to hypoxia condition,the cells were cultured with hypoxia for 1 h and then with reoxygenation for 1 h,2 h,4 h,8 h,16 h and 24 h.The activity of lactae dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture medium,cell count and cell viability,the expression of NALP3 were determined by biochemical method,trypan blue exclusion and Western blotting.(2) The siRNA was transfected into NRK-52E.The irrespective siRNA transfected group wasused as control.NALP3 expression was examined by Western blotting.(3) The cells were divided into 4 groups:control group,H/R group,irrespective siRNA transfected group and NALP3-siRNA transfected group.To establish the H/R injury model of NRK-52E by regulating the pressure of N2 in incubator to hypoxia condition,the cells were cultured with hypoxia for 1 h and then with reoxygenation for 4 h.And the expression of NALP3 was determined by Western blotting.(4)Cellular apoptosis was examined by Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry.NF-κB DNA binding activity,IκB-α,Bcl-2 and Bax expression were examined by EMSA and Western blotting.Results (1)Compared with the control group,the activity of LDH significantly increased,cell count and cell viability significantly decreased (all P＜0.05).The expression of NALP3 significantly increased and peaked at 4 h after H/R.(2)The specific siRNA could efficiently inhibit NALP3 expression in NRK-52E.Compared with the irrespective siRNA transfected group,the protein expression of NALP3 was significantly down-regulated in NALP3 siRNA transfected group (P＜0.05).(3)After hypoxia 1 h and reoxygenation 4 h,the activity of LDH and the expression of NALP3 increased.Compared with the irrespective siRNA transfected group,LDH concentration in media and the expression of NALP3 significantly decreased in NALP3-siRNA transfected group.(4)After hypoxia 1 h and reoxygenation 4 h,NF-κB DNA binding activity was increased,IκB-α phosphorylation and degradation,Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly up-regulated.However,compared with the irrespective siRNA transfected group,NF -κB DNA binding activity,IκB-α degradation and Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) in NALP3-siRNA transfected group.At the same time,the ratio of apoptosis was significantly increased in three groups than that in control.Compared with the irrespective siRNA transfected group,the ratio of apoptosis in NALP3-siRNA transfected group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusions H/R induces the expression of NALP3 in NRK-52E.The synthesized siRNA can inhibit the expression of NALP3 and protect NRK-52E from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.The mechanism may be via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB,modulating expression of Bcl-2 and Bax,as well as decreasing cell apoptosis.

Objective To study the imaging features and possible aetiology of osteonecrosis in adults with acute leukemia.Methods Ten adult patients with acute leukemia for osteonecrosis were reviewed retrospectively.All the lesions were confirmed with MRI.Results Four patients with ALL had accepted chemotherapy contained corticosteroids,two of them were performed HSCT,and one patient suffered GVHD.Six patients with AML had accepted chemotherapy without steroids,five of them were performed HSCT,and four patients suffered GVHD.One patient with AML-M3 had accepted chemotherapy including four courses of ATRA.The mean time between diagnosis of osteonecrosis and leukemia was 25.1 months.Nine cases had multiple lesions,one case had single lesion.The lesions involved femurs,tibias,patellas,iliums,and lumbars.Plain radiographs in six patients can not detect any lesion.Circinal reaction ossification could be detected in CT images of four cases.All the cases had typical feature in MRI.Conclusions In adult leukemia patients,osteonecrosis is a complication after chemotherapy or HSCT.Steroids in chemotherapy protocols or treatment for GVHD,ATRA for APML,chemotherapy-induced direct cytotoxic effect or leukemia itself can be the possible risk factor.For the diagnosis,MRI is the most effective way,and CT features of osteonecrosis in leukemia patients are different from those in non-leukemia patients.