Objective: To evaluate the quality of gentiana macrophylla from different origins in Gansu by determination the content of gentiopicroside.Methods: HPLC method was used.Results: The calibration curve of gentiopicroside was linear within 0.52-5.2?g(r=0.9991),the average recovery rate was 99.2%(RSD=1.23%,n=5).Conclusion: The content of gentiopicroside among gentiana macrophylla from different origins in Gansu are different,and all of them are higher than the standard of China Pharmacopoeia.Gentiopicroside content in planting gentiana macrophylla is higher than that of wild gentiana macrophylla.It provides a scientific basis of cultivating gentiana macrophylla and protecting wild gentiana macrophylla.

Objective To explore a simple and effective way of establishing a 30 % small-forsize liver transplantation in rats. Methods SD rats were selected as the donors and recipients. Smallfor-size orthotopic live transplantation was performed using Kamada's two-cuff method. Donor's liver was flushed via abdominal aorta and hepatectomy in situ was done. Animals were divided into 3 groups (40 pairs of rats in each): group Ⅰ , median lobe was used as graft; group Ⅱ, right of median lobe and right lobe were used as graft; group Ⅲ, median and right lobes were used as graft. The body weight of the donor was the same as the recipient in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ , but 100～ 120 g less than in group Ⅲ. The operating time, 7-day survival and technical complications were compared among these 3 groups. Results The operating time of hepatectomy was shorter in group Ⅲ than in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (8. 8±0.7 vs 11.5± 1.1 vs 10.1 ±1.0 min, P＜0.01). The cold ischemia time of graft, the anhepatic time, the operating time of recipient and the transplanting successful rate showed no significant difference among the 3 groups. Compared with groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ , the incidence of bleeding,bile leakage and IVC stricture was significantly decreased in group Ⅲ (P＜0. 05). Other complications after operation showed no significant difference among the 3 groups (P＞0. 05). Group Ⅲ had more 7-days survivors and longer median survival time, but there was no significant difference among the 3groups. Conclusion Small for donor body weight with median and right lobes as graft was a more effective and simple way of establishing a 30 % small-for-size liver transplantation in rats with shorter hepatectomy time and less complications after operation.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infected patients in Beijing and investigate the associated factors.Methods:The clinical data of patients with HIV infection who were treated in HIV/AIDS designated hospitals (Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing Ditan Hospital and Beijing Youan Hospital) were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 11 572 patients were finally included in the study, among whom 532 patients (4.6%) were co-infected with HIV and HBV. Most of the co-infected patients were young male adults (28~48 years old), accounting for 85.9%. The main transmission route was homosexual behavior (74.8%). There were 87.4% co-infected patients treated with two anti-HBV drugs, including lamivudine (3TC) and tenofovir (TDF). From 2013 to 2018, the annual prevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection decreased gradually, with the rate of 6.37%, 4.55%, 3.92%, 4.68%, 4.24% and 2.74%, respectively. In our study, The main influencing factors of HIV and HBV co-infection were age older than 28 years old versus<28 years old ( OR=2.807, 95% CI 1.241-6.345) and marriage status (married versus unmarried, OR=1.259, 95% CI 1.004-1.579). Conclusions:The proportion of HBV infection in HIV-infected patients is 4.60% (532) in our cohort. From 2013 to 2018, the prevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection in Beijing shows a decreasing trend. The risk of co-infection is higher in married young adults (28~48 years old).

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs in the bile duct epithelium,it is the second most common malignant tumor of the liver and bile duct after hepatocellular carcinoma.Imaging examination is an important method to detect bile duct cancer;the purpose of imaging is to determine the location of the tumor,and the extent of invasion and distant metastasis.Different imaging methods have their advantages and disadvantages,so they should be chosen based on the condition of patients,or be optimized as the combined detection.

Objective To optimize the producing area and parts of Gardenia roots. Methods Oleanolic acid 3-acetate was hydrolysed into Oleanolic acid in Gardenia roots from 10 different origins, and root, stem, leaf of Gardenia from Liuyang Hunan, and the content was determined by HPLC. Results The content of oleanolic acid 3-acetate in Gardenia roots of different origins from high to low was:Shaodong, Liuyang of Hunan>Anji of Zhejiang, Guiyang of Hunan>Ningxiang, Anhua of Hunan, Zhangshu of Jiangxi>Liling, Pinjiang, Youxian of Hunan. The content in root was 2 times of that in stem and leaf. Conclusion Experimental data were provided for the optimization of producing area and part of Gardenia roots.

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common urinary tract cancers, accounting for 90% of renal cancer cases, and the clear cell renal cell carcinoma is its most common subtype. Because of poor response to conventional anti-cancer treatment, metastasis may occur in the early stage of renal cell carcinoma. The high degree of metastasis of renal cell carcinoma determines the necessity and importance of early diagnosis. Although a lot of researches about renal cell carcinoma have been carried out, its underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Recent studies have shown that spot-type POZ protein (SPOP) can perform biological functions in a cancer type-specific way. Based on the latest findings, this article reviewed the current research status and prospectives of SPOP in renal cancer cells.

Objective To study the clinic features and prognosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)-associated iridocyclitis.Methods Ten cases of JRA -associated iridocyclitis choosed from 107 cases with JRA were reviewed and analysed.Results Polyarticular( n =9) and pauciarticular( n =1) were observed among JRA -associated iridocyclitis.Four were acute cases and all were recovered.Secondary glaucoma ( n =1) and ablepsia( n =1) were find in the chronic cases of 6,respectively.Conclusions Iridocyclitis is a common complication of JRA. Most of them are polyarticular group. The acute cases have better results compared to the chronic cases which often have more complications such as glaucoma,cataract, et al .

Objective To investigate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rat following conditioned fear stimulus.Methods 24 adult male rats were randomly divided into conditioned fear stimulus group and control group,and all rats were intraperitoneally injected bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)3 days before conditioned fear stimuli.Animals in conditioned fear stimulus group were given monotone matching foot shock and made conditioned fear stimulus model,animals in control group only give monotone.Freezing time was detected before stimuli and 7th,14th days after stimuli,then rats were sacrificed 7th or 14th day after fear conditioned stimulus,and immunohistochemistry for Brdu was detected.Results Behavioral assessment showed that the percents of freezing time in conditioned fear stimulus group 7th,14th days after conditioned fear stimulus were significantly high(88.68%,91.33%)than those in control group(11.18%,14.23%,P<0.01)and before stimulus(24.11%,16.11%,P<0.01).Compared to control group(1567±28,580±5),Brdu positive cells in dentate gyrus of rat in conditioned fear stimulus group(1364±21,296±22)were decreased,and it reached to a statistical significance on 14th day (P<0.05).Conclusion The decreased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rat following conditioned fear stimuli may have relation to fear and other emotion memory.

Objective To analyze the significance of time to positivity(TTP)of blood culture in differentiating bloodstream infection(BSI)from contamination during blood withdrawal.Methods Clinical data and TTP of blood culture in patients hospitalized in different departments from November 2013 to November 2014 were compared retrospectively,role of TTP in differential diagnosis of BSI was evaluated.Results Of 2 605 blood culture specimens,137 were positive for blood culture,78 (56.93%)of which were pathogenic bacteria and 59(43.07%) were contaminated bacteria,coagulase negative staphylococcus had the highest contamination rate(75.76%),while Escherichia coli had the lowest contamination rate(12.50%).TTP of pathogenic bacteria was shorter than that of contaminated bacteria ([13.86 ±8.19]h vs [40.72 ±20.96]h,P <0.05 ).Of pathogenic bacteria,Enterococcus had the earliest TTP ([10.20±8.00]h),followed by Escherichia coli ([11 .12 ±3.91 ]h),Staphylococcus aureus ([12.22±5.08]h),Klebsiella pneumoniae ([14.72±10.45]h),the other gram-negative bacteria([16.11 ±12.97] h),and coagulase negative staphylococci([16.42±5.74]h),fungi had the latest TTP ([29.04±3.67]h ).TTP of gram-negative bacteria was ≤16.59 h,sensitivity and specificity of BSI were 84.09% and 100.00% respectively;TTP of gram-positive bacteria was ≤20.96 h,sensitivity and specificity of BSI were 96.77% and 94.44% respec-tively.Conclusion Combination of TTP of blood culture and other clinical indications can provide reference for early differentiating isolated pathogenic bacteria from contaminated bacteria.