In the past, the ways to amblyopia neural mechanism research are given priority to visual electrophysiology and so on, which express the result use two -dimensional form, these ways mainly research the functions of the state before the lateral geniculate body. For the study of optic center, animal models are used to research it. But these kinds of methods are unable to accurately detect amblyopia neural mechanisms of human beings. Vulnerable to a variety of factors, it is difficult to finish the amblyopia treatment effect evaluation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) can reflect the three-dimensional visual cortex neuron activity noninvasively and accurately, and give rise to amblyopia neural mechanism and therapeutic effect evaluation. Therefore, in this paper, the amblyopia neural mechanisms and visual center after treatment effect evaluation of fMRI research progress are summarized.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) belongs to the member of the super-family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. It is the 170KD glycoprotein which is the product of the MDR1 gene, located in chromosome 7q21. It is an ATP-dependent exported and oriented transporter and involved in various physiological functions as well as the transport process of many types of drugs in the body. The physiological function of P-gp is to pump the toxic metabolites out of the cell in order to reduce the accumulation of toxic products so as to protect the cells from the poison. However, in pathological condition, the drug which used to treat the disease may be pumped out of the cells by the P-gp. Therefore,the P-gp is the main cause of the multidrug resistance in clinical disease such as tumor and some neurologic diseases. The cross-resistance phenomenon is leading to poor efficacy for these diseases treatment.Panax notoginseng as the characteristic Chinese herbal medicine in Yunnan province, it has many significant effects in the treatment and prevention of many diseases such as cerebrovascular diseases. It can improve the blood hemorrheology,prevent the produce of the peroxy radical, alleviate intracellular calcium overload,treat inflammation,as well as improve the immune system function. Meanwhile, some research recently reported that it also has a considerable prospect with its multi-target and multi-channel regulation in the reversal of the MDR1 and the P-gp genes expression. This paper reviews the progress of the down-regulated expression of P-gp and MDR1 genes through different pathways, and the mechanism of Panax notoginseng and its monomer compositions on down-regulated the expression of the P-gp and MDR1 genes.

Objective To explore the role of p170, MRP, bcl-2 in clinical drug- resistance and their correlation. Methods There are 44 acute leukemia(AL) patients, among them ANLL is 29, ALL is 15.The expression of p170, MRP, bcl-2 were detected. At last, the patients were divided into two groups: CR and NR according to efficacy after two periods standard chemotherapy. Results Overexpression of p170, MRP,bcl-2 were found in AL (P ＜0.05). The expression of p170 and MRP were lower in CR group than that in NR groups in AML and ALL; there were 22 of 24 patients expressed one or two proteins in NR groups and the expression of p170 in patients was concordant with that of MRP to certain extent (P ＜0.01). The overexpression of bcl-2 was related with the worse prognosis. The expression of bcl-2 was lower significantly in CR group than in CR and NR (P＜0.05). Conclusion p170, bcl-2, MRP are all associated with clinical MDR. High expression of these proteins is an unfavorable factor to prognosis. The expression of MRP and p170 showed coincidence, but showed no significance with expression of bcl-2 in untreated patients, it indicated that the drug-resistance mediated by p170 was different from bcl-2.

Objective To explore the electrode fixing method in children long-term electroencephalography and to improve the traditional method by combining with the pediatric characteristics and by means of clinical practice .Methods The pediatric subjects were given the appropriate preinstallation preparation ,then the double-layer elastic bandage combined with adhesive tape fixing method was adopted to fix the electrodes .Results The new method was generally accepted by children subjects ,the electrodes were easily to be installed and demounted without toxicity and residue ,the record diagram was better in quality .Conclusion Compared with the traditional method ,the improved electrode fixing method has the advantages of simplicity ,rapidness ,safety ,stability and humanization ,and is worth popularizing .

Cell transplantation has great potentials in repairing damaged tissue.If we want to use the cell transplants to treat diseases that respond poorly to the conventional treatment,or provide better treatments,in vivo dynamic tracking is particularly important.The application of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) improves a common inconvenience of the current invasive tests including immunohistochemical study or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study and so on.Researchers has established a variety of preparation methods of the particles,groped the optimal condition of cell marking.SPIO were proved to be feasible and superior in cell tracking in vivo through animal experiments.The results provide the reliable means of using SPIO to track cell in clinical treatments.This review gives a summary of the related study.

Ebosin is a novel exopolysaccharide produced by Streptomyces sp.139 with remarkable activity against rheumatic arthritis in vivo. In this paper, we reported effects of Ebosin on the inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in THP-1 cells. With the special fluorogenic peptide as substrates, the enzymatic activities of interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) and TNFalpha-converting enzyme (TACE) were inhibited by Ebosin separately. Using the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), the mRNA synthesis of the three cytokines were identified decline separately by Ebosin. The secretion quantum of three cytokines in THP-1 cells with Ebosin was lower than that of normal THP-1 cells determined by ELISA assay and Western blotting. All of these results showed that Ebosin has remarkably suppressed synthesis of the three cytokines in THP-1 cells through different pathways. The primary study of Ebosin on anti-inflammation mechanism was promoted developing the new drugs treating rheumatic arthritis.

Autophagy is induced by a variety of signals during ischemia and reperfusion.Autophagy has been shown to protect cardiac cells and to reduce the cell loss,but it also has been shown that enhanced autophagy contributes to cell death during I/R.

Objective To investigate the action mechanism of microRNA‐152(miRNA‐152) in the cisplatin(DDP) resistance process in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) .Methods The miRNA‐152 level in NSCLC cell line A549 and its cisplatin‐resistant cell line A549/DDP was detected by the real time quantitative PCR(qRT‐PCR) .miRNA‐152 mimic was transfected for increasing the intracellular miRNA‐152 level in A549/DDP .The MTT assay ,inverted miroscope technique and flow cytometry were adopted to observe the effect of up‐regulating miRNA‐152 on cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis ,meanwhile ,the level changes of intra‐cellular Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB were also observed by adopting qRT‐PCR and Western blot .Results The low expression of miRNA‐152 and the high expression of Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB were found in A549/DDP cells .Up‐regulation of miRNA‐152 enhanced the inhibitory effect of DDP in A549/DDP cells .Furthermore ,after up‐regulating miRNA‐152 ,the inhibiting rate and apoptosis rate of A549/DDP cells caused by DDP were significantly higher than those in the cells without up‐regulating miRNA‐152 ,the difference was statisti‐cally significant(P<0 .05) .In addition ,miRNA‐152 mimic transfection significantly decreased the expression of Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB in A549/DDP cells .Conclusion Low expression of miRNA‐152 may induce the resistance of NSCLC to DDP ,miRNA‐152 could medi‐ate the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to DDP via regulating Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB levels .

[Objective] To discuss the surgical treatment strategy of spinal hemangioma.[Methods]Data on 33 patients with spinal hemangioma treated from October 1997 to October 2008 were reviewed.There were 19 females and 14 males.The average age was 54 years old.Chief complaints were pain(n=13),myelopathy(n=12),radiculopathy plus local pain(n=8).Nine patients without spinal cord and radial nerve compression underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP),and 24 patients with spinal cord and radial nerve compression,paravertebral soft tissue mass or spinal unstability were treated by operation.Anterior,anteroposterior and posterior approaches were used in 9,12,and 3 patients respectively.Transarterial embolization was done in 3 patients.[Results]No perioperative complication was observed in 9 patients after PVP,with a mean follow-up of 41 months.Pain was relieved.There was no perioperative death among the 24 patients who received operation.The blood loss during operation was 2739 ml and 1619 ml for anterior and posterior approaches,respectively(P=0.12).One case of paravertebral hematoma,one case of spinal canal hematoma,and one case of wound infection were observed in this group.Pain was relieved in 89%(17/19)of the patients.According to the Frankel Scale,the neurologic situation was improved in all the 12 patients with myelopathy.By a mean follow-up of 48 months,no internal fixation failure was seen.Tumor recurrence or growth was found in 4 patients,two had no symptoms and one underwent radiotherapy for pain.Repeated operation was performed in one patient with myelopathy.[Conclusion]Most patients with symptomatic spinal hemangioma could be treated successfully by surgery.Individual surgical plan should be made according to the reason causing symptoms and the general condition of the patient.

Medical equipment is necessary for large and medium-scale hospitals in medical,scientific research and teaching affairs.To make the best of medical equipment can maximize the interest of diagnosis,treatment,research and economics,and thus accelerate the modernization of hospitals.Of all the issues,the project management,technique management and economic management of medical equipment should be paid attention to specially.