AIM: To study the effects of neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) on the nervous behavioral function, cerebral infarction volume, brain water content (BWC), neuroal apoptosis and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) expression in astrocytes after cerebral ischemic reperfusion in mice. METHODS: Intraluminal thread methods were applied to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in mice. Neuregulin-1β (2 μg/kg) was injected into the internal carotid artery for treatment. The nervous behavioral function was evaluated by Bedersons test. The cerebral infarction volume was observed with tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The BWC was measured by calculating the dry-wet weight ratio. The apoptotic positive cells were counted by immunofluorescence assay. The expression of AQP-4 was determined by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Nervous behavioral malfunction appeared in all the mice with left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and/or reperfusion. The infarction focus showed in the ischemic hemisphere following the injury. The BWC, the numbers of neuroal apoptotic cells and AQP-4 expression in astrocytes were higher than those in sham control group. In MCAO/R+NRG-1β treatment group, the nervous behavioral function at ischemia 24 h significantly improved, the numbers of apoptotic positive cells reduced and the infarction volume decreased significantly than those in MCAO/R group (P<0.05). The BWC and AQP-4 expression in astrocytes showed no significant difference compared with MCAO/R group (P>0.05). In the reperfusion 22 h, 46 h and 70 h groups, the five indexes mentioned above were significantly different from those in the corresponding MCAO/R groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: NRG-1β might reduce cerebral edema and infarction volume, and improve the nervous behavioral function via down-regulating the expression of AQP-4 in astrocytes and inhibiting the neuronal apoptosis induced by ischemia reperfusion injury.

Cytokines ; Hashimoto Disease ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Humans

The properties and functions of mouse pluripotential stem cells (CFU-S) were studied with spleen colony technique and other related methods. The data expressed that there is a linear relationship between the number of transplanted marrow cells and the number of spleen colonies that developed. Among various hematopoietic tissues, bone marrow is the richest source of CFU-S. Spleen and peripheral blood also contain a few of such cells. The percentages of CFU-S in these organs are 0.7%, 0.05% and 0.01% in sequence. No CFU-S can be found in thymus or lymph nodes. Under normal conditions, most of the CFU-S are in G_o phase with a small proportion (6.7%) in S phase.Self-renewing capacity, an important hematopoietic function of CFU-S, was measured by the experiments of single spleen colony retransplantation. The value of the probability of self-renewal, p, is calculated as 0.76. CFU-S has an active ability of migration. It was found that a number of CFU-S either from the marrow cell suspension injected intraperitoneally or from an entire encapsulated spleen which was placed free in the peritoneal cavity after ligation of its blood vessels can penetrate through a lot of barriers to develop spleen colonies in the lethally irradiated mice. A dose of 500～700 rad ?-irradiation apparently stimulates the CFU-S migrating from bone marrow to circulation.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of special rectification on the rational use of antibiotics and relieving bacterial resistance. METHODS:It was divided into groups based on the before and after 3 years of special rectification. The data of related index and bacterial resistance of antibiotics in the clinical use in 2 groups were compared. RESULTS:After special rectification, the use rate of antibiotics in inpatients was decreased from 77%to 55%,use intensity was decreased from 86 DDDs/(100 person· d) to 39 DDDs/(100 person·d),the prophylactic use rate of antibiotics for typeⅠincision surgery was decreased from 98% to 27%,the antibiotics prescriptions of patients in outpatient and emergency departments were respectively decreased from 36% to 12% and 49% to 23%. The submission rate of microbiological testing specimens was increased from 20.2% to 38.8%,submission rate of sterile site specimens was increased from 29.8% to 37.6%. The detection rate of fungus was decreased from 14.4% to 11.2%. The detection rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β- lactamases (ESBLs) strains were respectively decreased from 57.3% to 51.3% and 43.2% to 36.1%. The total detection rate of top 5 multi-drug resis-tant bacteria was decreased from 48.4% to 29.3%,however,the detection rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was increased to 80.7%,and the resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem and meropenem were respectively 66.9% and 69.1%. There was an increasing trend for Klebsiella pneumoniae to 1,2 and 3-generation cephalosporins,piperacillin amoxicillin/tazobac-tam,imipenem,meropenem. CONCLUSIONS:Special rectification of antibiotics has obvious effect on the rational use of antibiot-ics and relieving bacterial resistance in the clinic,and it improves the management of clinical use of antibiotics in hospital. Howev-er,bacterial resistance situation is still grim,it needs to establish a long-term management mechanism of clinical use of antibiotics, strengthen the monitoring pathologic examination and monitoring of bacterial resistance,and strictly perform hand hygiene and dis-infection and isolation system.

Objective:To study the change of immunological response and cell proliferation in breast tissues augmented by polyacrylamide hydrogel injection(PHI).Methods:The expression of CD68,CD25 and PCNA in 20 breast tissues with indurations,12 without indurations after breast augmentation by PHI,and 10 normal breast tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry P-V6000; analysis was also done by H-E staining.Results:Hyperplasia of fibrous tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells and macrophages were found in the breast and adjacent tissues 3-8 years after PHI.Positive cells of CD68,CD25 and PCNA hardly existed in the normal tissues,but the breast tissues around the polyacrylamide hydrogel had many positive cells of CD68 and PCNA,especially in cases with indurations;there were significant differences between the 3 groups(P

To compare the chemical change of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) after vinegar-baking processing, as well as the effect of vinegar types exerted on the processing, 1H NMR-based metabolomic approach combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the different metabolites between the raw and two vinegar-baked PRA. More than thirty metabolites were identified in the 1H NMR spectrum of PRA, and the multivariate statistical analysis showed that raw and two vinegar-baked PRA could be separated obviously. After vinegar-baking, the contents of isoleucine, lactate, alanine, arginine, albiflorin, and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) elevated, while those of sucrose, paeoniflorin and its analogues (calculated by benzoate) decreased. The chemical compositions of two vinegar-baked PRA were also different. Shanxi vinegar- baked PRA showed higher levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, and albiflorin, while rice vinegar-baked PRA contained more sucrose and paeoniflorin's analogues (calculated by benzoate). And the chemical changes in Shanxi vinegar-baked PRA were greater than those of rice vinegar-baked PRA. The results revealed the chemical differences between raw and vinegar-baked PRA, as well as the influence of vinegar type on processing, in a holistic manner, the results obtained suggested that the correlations between the chemical change and the drug action after processing, as well as the vinegar type used in processing, should be further studied.
Acetic Acid ; Benzoates ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; Cooking ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Furaldehyde ; analogs & derivatives ; Glucosides ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Monoterpenes ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

BACKGROUND:Transient receptor potential channel C6 (TRPC6) is a new and important slit diaphragm-associated protein in podocytes involved in regulating glomerular filter function. Glomerular TRPC6 expression is closely associated with proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of canonical TRPC6 in mouse podocytes induced by high glucose, and to explore the possible mechanism of diabetic kidney disease. METHODS:Mouse podocyte cels were cultured and divided into normal glucose group (5.6 mmol/L D-glucose), normal control group (5.6 mmol/L D-glucose+25 mmol/L mannitol) and experimental groups which were in the environment of high glucose (30 mmol/L). The experimental groups included high glucose group, valsartan treatment groups (10-5 mol/L) and U73122 control group (10μmol/L U73122). After 48 hours, the expressions of mRNA and proteins of TRPC6, nephrin and angiotensin II (AngII) were detected respectively by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal control group, the expressions of mRNA and proteins of TRPC6 and angiotensin II were markedly elevated in the high glucose group (P < 0.01), while the expressions of mRNA and proteins of nephrin were decreased (P < 0.01). The mRNA and proteins of TRPC6 and angiotensin II expressions were significantly down-regulated by valsartan (P < 0.05,P < 0.01), while the mRNA and protein expressions of nephrin were effectively up-regulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the high glucose group, the expressions of mRNA and proteins of TRPC6 and angiotensin II were ameliorated in the U73122 control group. The expressions of mRNA and proteins of TRPC6, nephrin and angiotensin II had no statistical significance between the normal control group and normal glucose group (P > 0.05). Angiotensin II-TRPC6 signaling pathway may mediate high glucose-induced podocyte injury, meanwhile it provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease, by which the angiotensin receptor blockers can protect podocytes in diabetic kidney disease.

This paper is to report our results of the observation on the changes of the pulmonary water content of the rats and mice after their exposure to a simulated altitude of 6000 meters above sea level for seven days.It was found that the changes of the pulmonary water content varied with the duration of exposing to the high altitude. It was lower than the control value on the first day of exposure, and then it increased approaching or even being a little higher than the control value on the second and third day. But it decreased and was below the control value again from the fourth day to the seventh day. The lung weight was increasing continuously in the same period.In addition, there were progressive increase of both the wet-lung/body and dry-lung/body indices, progressive decrease of left/right ventricles ratio, and gradual rising of hemoglobin in the animals studied.

Rats were made to bleed and about 40% of the total blood volume was lost. A replacement of Ringer's solution of the volume four times the lost blood volume was given and the animals were closely monitored for 24 hours. The hemoglobin level of the animals was low throughout the course of observation. The plasma colloid osmotic pressure reached the lowest point 15 minutes after bleeding, and then gradually rising up returned to a level about 90% of the control value at the end of 24 hours. The relativity between the plasma colloid osmotic pressure and the lung water content was quite significant in those rats in a low altitude environment (P0.05).The result indicates that the increased lung water content due to decreased plasma osmotic pressure could not be made further worse by hypoxia due to high altitude. The characteristic pulmonary hemodynamic changSs caused by hypoxia might be considered as the explanation of the phenomenon.

Objective To investigate the current situation of maternal self- efficacy of breastfeeding and explore its influencing factors in Zhengzhou. Methods Using the general condition questionnaires, breast feeding self-efficacy scale, perceived social support scale and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale to assess the situation of 180 puerperas by the convenience sampling in one obstetric hospital of Zhengzhou. Results The total score of maternal breast feeding self-efficacy was(114.04 ± 21.57)points.The frequency of delivery, the way of delivery and feeding ways, the average income of family were effected with breastfeeding self-efficacy. The total score of social support was(68.87 ± 10.43) points, the total score of puerperas depression was(7.61 ± 4.25) points.The social support score had positive correlation with breastfeeding self-efficacy(r=0.423, P<0.01). Puerperas depression had negative correlation with breastfeeding self- efficacy(r=- 0.342, P<0.01). Conclusions The maternal breastfeeding level in Zhengzhou was at a lower level. The level of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scale was impacted by maternal social support degree, the degree of depression. Measures should be taken to enhance maternal social support degree, reduce the degree of depression, in order to improve the level of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy.