Objective To investigate the effect of night shift time at midnight on sleep quality of nurses . Methods Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and a self-designed questionnaire were used for the investigation among 459 nurses in a first class hospital in Fujian Province, analyzing the sleep quality of the nurses at night shift time at the time points of 0:00am,0:30am,1:00am and 1:30am during the midnight. Results The total score of nurses at night shift was (7.47 ±3.05). There were significant differences between the total scores at different time points (P<0.001). The comparisons between the time points of 0:00am and 0:30am,0:30am and 1:00am, 0:00am and 1:00am showed significant differences (P<0.017),and 0:00am<0:30am<1:00am. Conclusions As for night shift during midnight, the sleep quality for the night shift time 0:00am>0:30am>1:00am. The time points for night shift can vary with seasons and regions. The nurses should be aware of occupational prevention and develop a living habit. During night shift, the nurses should make an individualized plan.

0.05).Conclusion There are no significant effects on bone metabolism and growth of children with small dose of IGs per day for a longer time.

Streptomyces sp. A048 was cultured in a complete medium to the last stage of log phase,the hyphae were washed and collected by centrifugation. Then the hyphae were inoculated in liquid medium for chitinase production using two-step fermentation. Activity of chitinase produced by two-step fermentation was 1.1 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was for 54 hours,which was 66 hours shorter than that of one-step fermentation. The hyphae and the powder of chitin were co-immobilizated and cultured in liquid medium for 36 hours,activity of chitinase was 1.8 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was 54h shorter than that of one-step fermentation. By adding 0.4% cellulose to two-step fermentation,activity of chitinase was 18.52 U/mL that was 4 times higher than that from the control and 10 times higher than that from one-step fermentation. Two step fermentation with chitin and cellulose may be the optimal fermentation process to produce Chitinase from Streptomyces sp. A048.

Heterokaryon incompatibility is a widespread phenomenon among fungi,controlled by specific loci termed het (for heterokaryon incompatibility).This review focuses on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of nonself recognition and the relationship between the death progresses of heterokaryon incompatibility and associated proteins in fungi.The deep research of heterokaryon incompatibility mechanism will hopefully reveal underlying principles of the evolution of nonself recognition systems and will find some effective method for settling the instability of protoplast fusant of fungi.

Objective To study the immunoregulatory effects of thalidomide on the peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods MTr was used to detect the effects of different thalidomide concentrations on the proliferation of T-cells.Flow eytometry was used to analyze T-cells early apoptosis and the T-cells subsets in different concentration of thalidomide.The mRNA expression of IL-6,IL- 10 and TNF-α was measured by RT-PCR method.Results The level of thalidomide at 500 μg/ml inhibited the proliferation of T-ceils and the CD3+CD28+ expression of T-cell subsets,but promoted the early apoptosis and the CD8+CD152+ expression of T-cell subsets.Thalidomine at any concentration could inhibit the mRNA expression of IL-6,TNF-α.However,the level of thalidomide that could promote the mRNA expression of IL- 10 was 100 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml.Conclusion Thalidomide can inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the expression of CD3+CD28+ on T-cell subsets.It can promote the early apoptosis and the CD8+CD152+ expression of T-cell subsets.Thalidomide inhibits the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α but promote the mRNA expression of IL-10.Thalidomide has immuno-regulatory effects on rheumatoid arthritis T-cells.

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of bone marrow-derived mesenehy-real stem ceils (BMSCs) combined with leflunomide (LEF) on mice T-lymphocytes in vitro. Methods BMSCs from BALB/c mice were isolated and expanded. The purity of BMSCs was identified by flow cytometry (FCM). The BALB/c mice's spleen lymphocytes were isolated by using EZ-Sep<'TM> Mouse 1X. Under ConA stimulation, spleen lymphocytes were pretreated with LEF, then washed and co-cuhured with BMSCs. We set up four groups to investigate in this study: group A, spleen lymphocytes alone; group B, spleen lymphocytes with BM- SCs; group C, LEF-pretreated spleen lymphocytes alone and the group D, LEF-pretreated spleen lymphocytes with BMSCs. T-lymphocytes proliferation was assessed by MTT. FCM was used to analysis T-lymphocytes apoptosis and surface markers of CD69 and CD28. The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10 were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Results In vitro, the T-lymphocytes'values of A570 nm were significantly lower in group B and group C, compared with group A (group B vs group C vs group A, 0.578±0.042 vs 0.502± 0.040 vs 0.778±0.035, P<0.01), while the value of A<,570 nm>in group D was 0.218±0.033, which was also obviously lower than that in group B and group C (P<0.01). There were no suppressing effects on T-lympho-cytes'activation and expression of IL-2 had been observed. The proportion of apoptotic T-lymphocytes in group B and group D were (2.29±0.32)％ and (4.22±0.98)％, which was significandy lower than that in group A (8.08±1.20) (P<0.01). The expression of IL-10 in group B and C were also lower than that in group A (group B vs group C vs group A, 0.098±0.039 vs 0.054±0.022 vs 1.000, P<0.01 ). Either, the expression of IL-10 in group D was 0.023±0.015, which was obviously lower than that in group B and group C (P<0.01). Conclusion BMSCs combined with LEF show synergistic immunoregulatary effects on mice's T-lymphoeytes.

Objective To investigate the effects of B.adolescentis and L.acidophilus in treatment of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC) in mice and their potential mechanisms. Methods Seventy-five BABL/C mice were randomly divided into control,saline (NS),B.adolescentis BF0624 treatment (B),L.acidophilus LT0637 treatment (L) and salicylazosulpha-pyridine treatment (S) groups.Except control group,the other four groups were received DSS to induce ulcerative colitis. The weight-loss,fecal trait and bleeding were recorded every day.Colonic length and histological scores were evaluated on day 3,5 and 7.The gene and protein expression of hot shock protein (HSP)70, glucocorticoid receptor (GR),interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by Western blot and reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively.Results B.adolescentis BF0624 and L.acidophilus LT0637 could relieve the inflammatory reaction of the experimental UC.The DAI scores were 1.84±0.4 in L group on day 3,which was lower than that in NS group (2.8±1.0).The DAI scores in all treatment groups were decreased on day 5.Compared with NS group[(8.1±0.6)cm ], the colon length on day 8 were (9.0±0.6)cm in B group,(9.35±0.6)era in L group and (8.8±1.1)cm in S group (P＜0.05).The colonic mucosa was improved pathohistologically in L group (6.0±1.0) on day 8.The expression of HSP70 and IL-10 in B and L groups were up-regulated and the expression of TNF-α was down-regulated.Conclusions Both B.adolescentis BF0624 and L.acidophilus LT0637 were effective in treatment of acute ulcerative colitis.The potential mechanism of two probiotics may be related with up-regulation of HSPT0 and IL-10 expressions and down-regulation of TNF-α expression.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of Chinese herbal recipe Weichang'an (WCA) in inducing cell apoptosis of human gastric cancer grafted onto nude mice. METHODS: The high performance liquid chromatography was used for monitoring the stability of WCA. A human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 grafted in nude mouse was used as the animal model. The mice were divided into untreated group and two experimental groups. Animals in the two experimental groups received either WCA over a 34-day period or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) over a 6-day period starting at the 8th day after grafting. Animals in the untreated group received normal saline on an identical schedule. Animals were killed 41 days after being grafted. To assess the effect of the treatment on tumor, the tumor weight was determined by the electron balance immediately after the animals were killed. SP immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in grafts. Apoptotic indices (AI) of the tumor cells were examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate fluorescence nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. SP method was also used to detect the expressions of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. SYBR green dye I real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time quantitative [corrected] PCR) was used to assess the related gene alterations in mRNA level. The expressions of phospho-Stat3 (Tyr705) and bcl-2 proteins were detected by using SP method. RESULTS: Compared with the untreated group, tumor growth was significantly inhibited by treatment of WCA or 5-FU (P<0.01, respectively). The tumor inhibition rate in the WCA-treated group was 48.70% and that in the 5-FU-treated group was 60.10%. The average labeling index (LI) for PCNA in the WCA-treated group and 5-FU-treated group was significantly decreased as compared with that in the untreated group, respectively. The AI of human gastric cancer grafted in the nude mice detected by using TUNEL method was significantly increased to (9.72+/-4.51)% in the WCA-treated group, while it was (2.45+/-1.37)% in the untreated group. 5-FU-treated group was also found a significantly increased AI compared with the untreated group. The expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the WCA-treated group and 5-FU-treated group were significantly increased as compared with those in the untreated group. But caspase-8 showed no significant alteration either in the WCA-treated group or in the 5-FU-treated group. The expression levels of Stat3 (2(-)delta delta C(T))=0.16) and bcl-2 (2(-)delta delta C(T))=0.10) detected by using real-time quantitative [corrected] PCR were lower in the WCA-treated group than those in the untreated group. The expressions of phospho-Stat3 (Tyr705) and bcl-2 in the WCA-treated group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the untreated group. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese herbal recipe WCA can inhibit gastric cancer cell SGC-7901 growth in vivo, induce gastric cancer cell apoptosis and suppress the cell proliferation. WCA induces apoptosis through the caspase-9 and caspase-3 pathway in vivo. Its mechanism might be involved in the down-regulation of Stat3 and bcl-2 genes.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous laser disk decompression(PLDD) is a new interventional therapy of lumbar disk herniation recently. Posterior lateral route is often employed. Puncture route was investigated by the application of anatomic methods previously. However, there are relative fewer reports regarding the observation of the route of lumbar nerve root in intervertebral plane and triangle working area from thin section anatomy and CT section anatomy.OBJECTIVE: To clarify the intervertebral route and its adjacent relationship of lumbar nerve root on thin section and CT section to provide a anatomic gist for puncture route in PLDD.DESIGN: An observational study based on corpus and normal individual.SETTING: Department of radiology of a military medical university of Chinese PLA affiliated hospital and the department of anatomy of a military medical university of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: The collection of the first Chinese visible human was completed in the Department of Anatomy(laboratory of computer medicine) the Faculty of Medicine, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in October 2002. Totally 53 subjects without confirmed vertebral and intervertebral disc diseases and other diseases of the adjacent organs received CT examination and measurement in the Department of Radiology of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA Affiliated Southwest Hospital between january and March 2000.INTERVENTIONS: The intervertebral route of lumbar nerve root in the first Chinese visible human was observed descriptively. The route, morphology, size, adjacent structure, and the distance between puncture line and lumbar nerve in 53 normal individuals were observed and measured by CT.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To describe the intervertebral route of lumbar nerve root in the first CVH and normal individual, to measure the intervertebral length and width of lumbar nerve, and the distance between puncture line and lumbar nerve.RESULTS: The first Chinese visible human lumbar has 48 layers of intervertebral space with a thickness of each layer of 1.0 mm. The route and adjacent structure of lumbar nerve displayed in each section were clear. CT image clearly showed the intervertebral route, size and adjacent structure of lumbar nerve root.CONCLUSION: The first Chinese visible human lumbar nerve root intervertebral route is a continuous and intact thin section specimen. The intervertebral route and morphology of lumbar root nerve have great alterations. The relationship between puncture route and its adjacent lumbar nerve root, anterior articular process, ilium wing and vessels is very close.

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effect of thalidomide on the peripheral blood T-iymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in vitro. Methods T-lymphoeytes were treated by thalidomide with different concentrations, then the proliferation of these T-lymphocytes proliferation was deteted by MTT while apoptosis and lymphocyte activation marker were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α was measured by real-time RT-PCR, One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results In vitro, thalidomide inhibited the expression of CD3~+CD28~+ [500 μg/ml group vs the control group, (48±9)% vs (57±9)% P<0.05]. The pro-portion of apoptotic T-lymphoeytes in the 500 μg/ml group was (36±8)%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group [(23±5)%,P<0.05 ]. The values of A_(570nm) T-lymphocytes were significantly lower in the 100 μg/ml group, 300 μg/ml groupand 500 μg/ml group compared with those of the control group ( 100 μg/ml group vs 300 μg/ml group vs 500μg/ml group vs the control group, 0.39±0.05 vs 0.34±0.04 vs 0.30±0.03 vs 0.51±0.07, P<0.05), while thalidomide promoted the expression of CD8~+CD152~+ [ 100 μg/ml group vs 500 μg/ml group vs the control group, (5.0±0.6)% vs (7.8±0.7)% vs (4.2±0.6)%, P<0.05 ]. 500 μg/ml thalidomide inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-6, 2.5～500 μg/ml thalidomide inhibited IL-10, TNF-α mRNA expression of T-lymphocytes.Conclusion Thalidomide can inhibit the proliferative activities and CD28 expression of T-lymphocytes,reduce mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, stimulate CD28 expression and apoptosis of T-lymphocytes. These effects may play an important role in it's immune-suppressive effects on systemic lupus erythematosus.