OBJECTIVE: To establish a new method for measuring the content of benzalkonium bromide in disinfectant so- lution METHODS: The sodium nitrite was removed from disinfectant solution by reaction between sodium nitrite and urea to form N2 and CO2 and then benzalkonium bromide in the solution was directly determinated by UV-spectrophotometry with no need of separation RESULTS:There was no significant difference between this method and the method in pharmacopeia CON CLUSION:The method is simple, rapid and accurate and can be used to measure benzalkonium bromide in the solution.

Specialists in the south of the five Ridges LUO Zhi-yuan think that upper-jiao syndrome of bubonic plague appears in the second and third days,middle-jiao syndrome in the period of the third to the sixth days,and lower-jiao syndrome appears at the seventh day.Upper-jiao syndrome of bubonic plague is the most complicated,including the severe syndrome,the critical syndrome,the deadly syndrome.They summarize the six symptoms and signs in middle-jiao of bubonic plague,including "extreme heat and thirst,black and prickly tongue,abdominal distention and pain,stercoroma and delirium,heat accumulation with watery diarrhea,cold feeling of the whole body and hidden pulse",and the four symptoms and signs in middle-jiao,including "pain,distention,stercoroma,heat accumulation with watery diarrhea".They also pointed out that preserving body fluid is key for treating lower-jiao syndrome of bubonic plague.

AIM:To compare the influence of anterior chamber maintainer and viscoelastic agent on corneal astigmatism and endothelial cells after phacoemulsification.METHODS:Totally 70 patients(70 eyes) of cataract from April 2013 to April 2015 were randomly divided into the study group and the control group, with 35 cases in each group.The study group were treated with anterior chamber maintainer during phacoemulsification with support system approach, and the control group were treated with phacoemulsification under viscoelastic agent.RESULTS:The age (t=0.215, P=0.831), the density of corneal endothelial cells (t=-0.352, P=0.726) and corneal luminosity (t=-0.162, P=0.872) of two groups had no significant difference before surgery;there were no significant difference in preoperative visual acuity (t=0.463, P=0.599) and visual acuity (t=1.616, P=0.124) at 1mo after operation.And patients in the study group (t=-21.129, P<0.01) and the control group (t=-12.780, P<0.01) before surgery and 1mo postoperative when compared with the naked eye eyesight showed significant difference.The visual acuity after operations improved significantly.There were significant differences of corneal endothelial cells density (t=8.489, P< 0.01) and corneal astigmatism (t=-2.032, P=0.046) in the study group before surgery and 1mo after surgery;corneal endothelial cell density (t=8.999, P<0.01) and corneal astigmatism (t=-2.167, P=0.034) in the control group before surgery and 1mo after surgery also had significant differences.There was no significant difference in the rate of corneal endothelial cell loss between the two groups (t=0.410, P=0.683).CONCLUSION:Compared with viscoelastic agent, anterior chamber maintainer during phacoemulsification in patients with cataract won't increase the damage of postoperative surgically induced astigmatism and corneal endothelial cells, which mean the method of anterior chamber maintainer during phacoemulsification in the treatment of cataract is safe and effective.

AIM: To investigate the situation of patients with mechanical ocular trauma and the possible influencing factors related to the prognosis.METHODS: Totally 260 patients(286 eyes) with mechanical ocular trauma from January 2011 to January 2016 in Xiaogan Central Hospital were selected and retrospective studied.Sociology and clinical data including gender,age,career,injury causes,injury nature,treatment time and visual acuity on admission in these patients were univariate analyzed,then the positive factors were analyzed using Logistic regression.RESULTS: The middle-aged and young males were domain in 260 patients.The causes were mainly sharp instrument injury,while perforating injury of eyeball was the majority in injury nature.Univariate analysis showed that injury causes,injury nature,treatment time and eyesight on admission were influencing factors,while multivariate analysis by Logistic regression showed that visual acuity on admission and orbital contusion were independent influencing factors for patients ocular trauma.CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma is a majoy cause of monocular blind,there are close associations between prognosis of ocular trauma and orbital contusion and visual acuity on admission.But the majority of ocular trauma is preventable and treatable,the relevant measures should be developed to prevent the ocular trauma.

AlM: To analyze the correlation between tear film changes of allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye, then provide clinical references for better treatment.
METHODS: Fifty patients with allergic conjunctivitis were taken as the observation group, the control group was selected based on 1:1 case control theory, and we chose 50 health volunteers without ocular surface diseases, xerophthalmia and systematic diseases randomly, then fluorescein ( FL) staining, break-up time ( BUT) , Schirner l test ( SⅠt) , tear meniscus high ( TMH) and slit-lamp examinations were performed in the two groups.
RESULTS: ln the observation group, FL, BUT, Slt, TMH of right eyes and left eyes were statistically significant correlated ( P < 0. 05 ). FL and BUT were statistically significant between control group and observation group (P<0. 05). TMH and Slt has positive correlation, while FL and BUT has negative correlation and the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: Due to inflammatory mediators participation, allergic conjunctivitis could lead to the stability changes of tear film which cause in dry eye. The stability changes of allergic conjunctivitis correlate to the damage degree of epithelium.

Objective:To transfect the tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cells with NICD, and to investigate the effects of Notch 1 on Tca8113 cells and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Methods: The Notch plasmid pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP encoding exogenous and control plasmid pIRES2-EGFP were transiently transfected into the Tca8113 cells by LipofectamineTM 2000. In the experiment, target plasmid pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP transfection group, control plasmid pIRES2-EGFP transfection group and non-transfection group were set up.RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemical method were used to observe the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch 1 and EGFR.The proliferation activities of Tca8113 cells were detected by MTT assay,and the survival rates were calculated.Results:Compared with non-transfection group and control plasmid pIRES2-EGFP transfection group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch 1 in Tca8113 cells in pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP group was significantly increased(P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression levels of EGFR in Tca8113 cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the proliferation rate of Tca8113 cells was significantly decreased(P<0.05) after transfection.There were no significant differences in the expression levels of Notch 1 and EGFR mRNA and protein and the proliferation rates in Tca8113 cells between non-transfection group and pRAMIC-IRES2-EGFP group (P>0.05).Conclusion:The effect of Notch 1 on the proliferation of Tca8113 cells may be related to down-ragulatoin of expression level of EGFR.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of transcranial magnetic stimulation motor evoked potentials (TMS-MEP) of rectus abdominis in the diagnosis of thoracic spinal cord injury. Methods The innervation of rectus abdominis and dermatomal distribution were studied in 5 adult cadavers. MEP of bilateral rectus abdominis in different segments was measured and recorded in 25 normal subjects for reference and in 23 patients with T4-T12 spinal cord injury. Results The anatomic study showed that rectus abdominis was innervated by 7 pairs of intercostal nerve from T6 to T12, useful to determine the MEP recording points in the body surface. In all normal subjects, T6-T12 MEP of bilateral rectus abdominis were recorded successfully and the referential range of normal MEP was established. The MEP peak latencies of each level were significantly different each with other. Among 23 patients suffering from thoracic spinal cord injury, 12 cases with complete paralysis had no MEP record below the injured level and no neurological recovery during the follow-up; while in 11 cases with incomplete paralysis, abnormal MEP were recorded in all but one with T4 fracture, the MEP of this patient disappeared below T6. The change of MEP of rectus abdominis was consistent with the level of fracture except in 1 case. During follow-up, 9 cases with incomplete paralysis patients showed recovery to different extent. Conclusion According to neuroanatomy, segmental MEP of rectus abdominis can be evoked and recorded in all normal subjects. The MEP peak latencies are significantly different in each level. MEP of rectus abdominis is proved to have the localizing and characteristic diagnostic value in the evaluation of the thoracic spinal cord injury.

Objective: To study the effects of psychological variables on orthodontic compliance of adolescents.Methods:Prior to orthodontic treatment,60 adolescent patients received two questionnaires for the analysis of their personality(EPQ) and self-consciousness.The compliance of the patients was evaluated at each visit and 6 months after the beginning of treatment by orthodontists.Results:The outgoing personality and the high self-consciousness significantly predicted good orthodontic compliance of the adolescent patients in the treatment(P

Objective To explore the effect of single and multiple course dexamethasone on brain development in preterm infants.Met-hods One hundred and eighteen preterm infants delivered after 28-34 weeks′ gestation from Aug.2005 to Mar.2007 in our NICU were enrolled in this study.These infants were divided into 3 groups by antenatalcourses of dexamethasone: control group,single-course group and multi-course group.Supportive treatments were given to all 3 groups.Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA) was conducted on expected date of delivery.Mental and psychomotor developmental index was evaluated at 3,6,12 months by using intellectual development table made at Children′s Development Center of China(CDCC).Results The score of NBNA was much higher in single-course group than that in multi-course group and control group(Pa

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the mutations of gene EGFR, KRAS and BRAF in sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas. METHODS We investigated the EGFR protein expression by immunohistochemistry method with antibodies targeting the extracellular domain, the intracellular domain, and the phosphorylated isoform in a series of 11sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas tissues. EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF mutational status were detected by DNA direct sequencing and Melt curve method.RESULTS The findings were analyzed with respect to clinical data, histological typing, and outcome of the patients. EGFR was expressed in 72.7% tumors with a focal distribution with both extracellular domain and intracellular domain, which showed a significantly correlation. p-EGFR was expressed in 9.1% tumors. 9.1% tumors had the mutation of EGFR gene in exon 19, 9.1% tumors had the mutation in exon 2 and exon 15 of gene KRAS and BRAF respectively. There was no association between these molecular features and the survival period of the patients. CONCLUSION The current study revealed various EGFR expression patterns in sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas, that indicated the tumor heterogeneity. Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas share common alterations of the EGFR pathway as the mutation of EGFR, KRAS and BRAF genes, but with a lower frequency.