OBJECTIVE:To understand the availability and affordability of essential medicines in Nanjing after implementing national essential medicine system,and to provide evidence for formulating and completing related policy. METHODS:With inves-tigation subjects of 6 classes of diseases with high incidence,WHO/HAI standard survey method was adopted to select 24 essential medicines and investigate and evaluate the availability and affordability of them in governmental health institutions and social retail pharmacies in Nanjing. RESULTS:Availability of essential medicines in community health service centers in Nanjing was lower than governmental hospitals and social retail pharmacies,and availability of lowest price generic drugs (LPGs) was much higher than original brand drugs (OBs);affordability was totally good,however,there were large gap in the affordability between OBs and LPGs,the affordability of OBs was relatively poor. CONCLUSIONS:The national essential medicine system has made some progress in Nanjing,but worse than expected. It is suggested to update and adjust the essential medicine list based on the clinical medication requirement,guarantee the equipment of essential medicines in medical and health institutions,popularize the knowl-edge about essential medicines,properly adjust the price of original brand drugs and ease the treatment burden.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of pidotimod combined with triamcinolone acetonide in the treat-ment of oral lichen planus(OLP). METHODS:Data of 60 patients with OLP were retrospectively analyzed and divided into obser-vation group(35 cases)and control group(25 cases)by different medication. Control group was treated with triamcinolone aceton-ide 1 ml+2% Lidocaine injection 1 ml,embrocated in the local lesion area according to lesion size,3 times a day;observatioh group was additionally treated with Pidotimod dispersible tablets 800 mg between meals based on the treatment of control group, twice a day,and then changed to 800 mg,orally,once a day after 2 weeks. The treatment course was 4 weeks. The clinical effica-cy and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:After 1 and 3 month(s),the total effective rates in ob-servation group were significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no sig-nificant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Pidotimod combined with triamcinolone acetonide has significant efficacy in the treatment of OLP,with good safety.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; Daunorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Idarubicin ; administration & dosage ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Congresses as Topic ; Head ; surgery ; Neck ; surgery ; Otolaryngology ; Periodicals as Topic

Objective To establish a new post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy method for localization of protein antigens in central nervous system using colloidal golds as probes.Methods Rat brain tissue sections were fixed with osmium-ferrocyanide mixture.Free floating frozen sections were collected to determine the retrievability of antigens by sodium metaperiodate(NaIO_(4)).Then the best concentration of NaIO_(4) for maximal antigen retrieval was determined on hydrophilic Technovit 7100 resin-embedded semithin sections.Finally,the corresponding antigen was labeled with colloidal golds on ultrathin sections.Results NaIO_(4) showed different retrieving effects on different antigens;to those antigens that could be effectively retrieved by NaIO_(4),low concentration of NaIO_(4)could realize antigen retrieval;EM microscopy showed that ultrathin sections treated by low concentration of NaIO_(4) allowed higher density of colloidal gold labeling without apparently compromising the ultrastructures of tissues.

Objective By comparing the medical complaints and disputes between the two tertiary general hospitals in Beijing and Lhasa, this paper proposed on how to build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.Methods A study of annual reports of these two hospitals analyzed descriptively patient complaint rate, rate of medical disputes registered for court jurisdiction, makeup of medical disputes, and their solutions.Results In 2016, the patient complaint rate, and rate of medical disputes registered for court jurisdiction were 3.5/10 000 and 12.4/10 000 respectively, much higher than 0.8/10 000 and 1.1/10 000 of the Lhasa counterpart hospital.A significant gap was also found in the makeup of medical disputes, their solutions, and role of hospital leadership between the two hospitals.Conclusions Beijing is recommended to appoint hospital leader on duty, to assist in handling medical complaints and disputes, and ease doctor-patient contradictions.Lhasa is recommended to improve the medical dispute handling mechanism, improve medical service competency and management.

China ; Curriculum ; Education, Dental ; Oral Medicine ; education

Objective:To examine the discriminatory potential of the ADAS-Cog, Chinese version for mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods:Patients with AD (199 mild AD and 106 moderate AD) meeting the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria of probable AD were recruited. The Chinese version of ADAS-Cog was administered to all AD subjects. Results:The total score of ADAS-Cog and the score of each ADAS-Cog item differed significant-ly between mild and moderate AD groups, with higher scores in moderate AD group. GLM analysis showed insignifi-cant influence of age or educational level on the ADAS-Cog total score. These results indicated that ADAS-Cog could represent the distinctive profiles of cognitive impairment between mild and moderate AD. The results of Logis-tic regression analysis showed that the item score of orientation and constructional praxis as well as the ADAS-Cog total score could classify mild and moderate AD efficiently, with a sensitivity of 78% - 82% and a specificity of 70% - 73%. Conclusion:Our results indicate that the Chinese version of ADAS-Cog is useful for staging of AD. It is recom-mended that the Chinese version of ADAS-Cog be introduced for monitoring the AD drug therapeutic efficacy on cognitive impairment among Chinese AD patients.psychiatry Alzheimer's disease

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of bupivacaine, lidocaine and saline injections in alleviating post tonsillectomy pain. METHOD: We recruited 60 patients into the study. All subjects were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group 1 received 0.9% sodium chloride (saline group), group 2 received 0.25% bupivacaine (bupivacaine group) and group 3 received 2% lidocaine (lidocaine group), infiltrated around each tonsil. Pain was evaluated with McGrath's face scale. RESULT: The postoperative pain scores at 2 and 6 hours were similar among the groups (P>0.05). The pain scores in the bupivacaine group were lower than those in the saline group at 12 h (P<0.05). The pain scores in the bupivacaine and lidocaine groups were significantly lower than those in the saline group from 18 to 24 hours until day 7 (P<0.05). There was no difference between the bupivacaine and lidocaine groups (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION Local infiltration of bupivacaine is a relatively and safe effective method and is equivalent to use of lidocaine for post tonsillectomy pain.
Analgesia ; methods ; Bupivacaine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; prevention & control ; Snoring ; surgery ; Tonsillectomy

We have trcated 40 cases of active peptic ulcer with Omeprazolc from Jun. 1990 to Mar. 1991. Compared with it, We have treated 40 cases of active peptic ulcer with Ranitidine during the same time. 80 patients with active peptic ulcer were divided into two groups. The age, scx and size of ulcer between the two groups have been compared. The ulcer diameter was from 3 to 20mm. The number of the ulcer was from 1 to 5.40 patients were treated with Omeprazole 20～40mg p. o. everyday. After a course of two weeks trcatment, the healing rate was 95%; 40 patients were treated with Ranitidine 300mg p. o. everday. After a course of six weeks the healing rate was 63%, The difference of the two groups was marked (P