Objective To develop a method for determination of catechins and alkaloids in brick-tea by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with diode array detection(DAD),and to explore optimum extraction conditions for catechins and alkaloids components in brick-tea.Methods Catechins and alkaloids were separated and detected by HPLC.Orthogonal experiment and paired t test was carried out to compare the effect of water and alcohol as extraction solvents and to obtain optimum extraction conditions for extracting catechins and alkaloids components in brick-tea.Results Six kinds of catechins of catechin,epicatechin,gallocatechin,epigallocatechin,epicatechin gallate,epigallocatechin gallate and two kinds of alkaloids of caffeine and theobromine were separated and detected simultaneously.Calibration curves between peak areas and concentration of each component in bricktea were linear within a suitable concentration range,and coefficients of determination (R2) were between 0.9990-0.9999; spiked recoveries were from 83.78％ to 106.35％,and relative standard deviations(RSD) were between 0.50％-1.51％.The optimum extraction condition for catechins and alkaloids was 80％ ethanol,solid-liquid ratio of 1:10,temperature 80 ℃ and extraction time 30 min.Conclusion Alcohol as extraction solvents with optimal combination on HPLC,six kinds of catechins and two kinds of alkaloids are separated accurately,qualitatively,rapidly and sensitively.

Objective To elucidate the MRI appearance of prostatic abscess,the DWI and enhanced MRI features.Methods 12 cases of prostatic abscesses were retrospectively analyzed,the clinical symptom mainly manifested as lower urinary tract symptoms and fever.All of the patients were given routine MR examination including DWI sequence,6 patients received further enhanced MR examination.Results In the 12 cases,there were 4 cases behaved as single type,8 cases as multifocal type.The abscess showed iso-or slightly hypo-signal intensity on T1 WI,hyper-signal intensity on T2 WI,markedly high signal intensity on DWI and correspond-ing markedly low signal intensity on ADC.Complete abscess walls showed iso-or slightly hyper signal on T1 WI,hypo-signal inten-sity on T2 WI.The mature abscess walls were thin and smooth,which showed homogeneously ring enhanced in 4 cases.The imma-ture abscess walls showed uneven thickness and moderately enhanced in 2 cases.Septum in the abscess could be found in 4 cases, which showed similar enhancement to the abscess walls,while the abscess cavity showed non-enhanced.Abscesses involved the sur-rounding structures in 2 cases,the involved area showed obvious hyper-signal on T2 WI fat-suppression sequence.Conclusion DWI is the best sequence in the diagnosis of prostatic abscess,the markedly high signal intensity on DWI is the characteristic sign.The enhanced MRI showed the walls and septa clearly,the extent and involvement of adjacent structures.The multi-parametric MRI is a prominent procedure in the diagnosis of prostatic abcess.

Bone marrow microenvironment is a complex network consisting of hematopoietic stem/pro-genitor cells (HSPCs),non-hematopoietic cells,extracellular matrix and various cytokines.Its components interact to support normal hematopoiesis.Emerging evidence indicates that the dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells,myeloid-derived suppressor cells,cytokines and the epigenetic alterations of HSPCs in the bone marrow microenvironment could influence normal hematopoiesis.Abnormal hematopoiesis contributes to the occurrence of hematological malignancies,such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Animal models have confirmed that bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in the original generation and maintenance of malignant diseases of hematopoietic system.

Objective To observe the regulatory effects of the preventive acupuncture and moxibustion at Guanyuan (RN4) points in ovariectomized rats, and discuss the mechanism of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion on hyoathalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis. Methods Totally 48 female SD rats were divided into 5 groups, including normal group, sham operation group, ovariectomized rats group, preventive acupuncture group and preventive moxibustion group. Except normal group and sham operation group, rats were ovariectomized after preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion for 30 d in corresponding groups. ELISA was used to determine the levels of E2, ER, GnRH, FSH and LH in the tissues including hypophysis, hypothalamus and uterus. Results Compared with the normal group, E2, ER and GnRH level in the tissue of the model group was significantly lower (P<0.01), the levels of FSH and LH increased obviously (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, E2, ER and GnRH level of preventive acupuncture group and preventive moxibustion group increased in different degree (P<0.05). FSH and LH level reduced in different degree (P <0.05). There was no obvious difference between preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion group (P>0.05). Conclusions The preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion at Guanyuan (RN4) has benign modulation to disordered HPO axis of ovariectomized rats. The ability of preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion are almost the same.

Objective To explore the clinical feature,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of Hashimoto′s thyroiditis(HT) combined with hyperthyroidism in children.Methods The clinical features of 56 children with HT combined with hyperthyroidism,including clinical features,complications,thyroid hormone,thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb),thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb),the detection of ultrasonic imaging and fine needle aspiration biopsies,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis were analyzed.Results The proportion of men to women was 16 in all 56 children,and the mean age at diagnosis was(9.95?2.09) years.The percentage of positive TGAb and TPOAb were 93% and 98%,respectively in all the 56 children.One child was diagnosed as HT combined with hyperthyroidism coexistent and myasthenia gravis type Ⅰ.The duration of hyperthyroidism ranged from 3 to 24 months.There were 14 children who had hypothyrodism and 8 children were euthyroid in all the 56 children.Conclusions Children with HT hyperthyroidism are more frequent in young females.TGAb and TPOAb are important markers for the diagnosis of HT.Pharmacotherapy is the first choice to treat HT hyperthyroidism.Hyperthyroidism is a clinical process of HT,and the percentage of children with hypothyrodism is increasing along with the development of disease.

Objective:To observe the influence of different treatment intervals of pulsed dye laser (PDL) in treating hypertrophic scar of burn patients and to explore the optimal treatment interval.Methods:From May 2018 to March 2019 , 20 burn patients who met the inclusion criteria and admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University were included in this prospective randomized controlled study. Patients were divided into 1 week group [4 patients, 2 males and 2 females, aged 27 (4, 67) years,19 scars], 2 weeks group [5 patients, 2 males and 3 females, aged 9 (3, 55) years, 15 scars], 3 weeks group [5 patients, 4 males and 1 female, aged 26 (19, 45) years,15 scars], and 4 weeks group [6 patients, 4 males and 2 females, aged 31 (14, 48) years,13 scars], according to the random number table, and treated with PDL with the treatment intervals of one week, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks, respectively, and total treatment cycle of 3 months. Before the first treatment and three months after the first treatment, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was conducted and the decreased value of VSS score was calculated; the laser doppler blood flow meter was used to measure scar blood perfusion and the proportion of change in blood perfusion volume was conducted. Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Wilcoxon symbolic rank sum test, Bonferroni correction, and Fisher’s exact probability test.Results:The VSS scores of patients in 1 week group, 2 weeks group, 3 weeks group, and 4 weeks group in three months after the first treatment were significantly lower than those before the first treatment ( Z=-3.74, -3.47, -2.69, -3.25, P<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the decreased values of VSS scores in three months after the first treatment among the patients in 4 groups ( H=5.18, P>0.05). Three months after the first treatment, the blood perfusion volumes of patients in 2 weeks group and 3 weeks group were significantly lower than those before the first treatment ( Z=-2.95, -2.50, P<0.05). The proportions of changes in blood perfusion volume of patients in the 4 groups were respectively -0.02(-1.05-0.69), -0.29 (-0.75-0.18), -0.11 (-0.55-0.23), 0.05 (-0.61-0.75). There were statistically significant differences among the 4 groups ( H=9.39, P<0.05). The proportions of changes in blood perfusion volume of patients in 2 weeks group was statistically higher than that of 1 week group ( Z=2.76, P<0.01). Conclusions:PDL treatment can reduce the VSS score and blood perfusion volume of scar, the blood perfusion volumes of patients in 2 weeks group and 3 weeks group were significantly decreased, they can be recommended as the appropriate treatment interval of PDL for hypertrophic scar after burn.

Objective To study the features and risk factors of ischemic leukoaraiosis (LA) progression in elderly patients aged 80 years and over. Methods The 56 elderly patients with ischemic LA confirmed by MRI were enrolled in this study. The characteristics and risk factors of ischemic LA were comparatively analyzed between baseline and 3 years later by single and multi-variable logistic regression analysis. Results Ischemic LA progressed mostly in the subcortical white matter in elderly patients, especially the frontal lobes (progression of white matter lesion was present in 40% in the frontal lobes at baseline and 52% after 3 years), followed by the parietal lobes (35% at baseline and 36% after 3 years); Furthermore, previous high homocysteine (Hcy) and chronic bronchitis were risk factors of ischemic LA progression. Conclusions Ischemic LA progresses mostly in the subcortical white matter in the elderly, especially the frontal lobes; High Hcy and chronic bronchitis are risk factors of ischemic LA progression in elderly patients.

Objective To explore the efficacy of Xipayigingiva consolidation gargle for root canal flushing. Methods 543 teeth in 543 patients with acute or chronic pulpitis or apical periodontitis who needed root canal treatmentwere divided into three groups by completely randomized design. The three groups wereXipayigingiva consolidation gargle group, hydrogen peroxide group, and sodium hypochlorite group. Conventional pulp chamber incision, pulpectomy and root canals preparation were used for the affected teeth. Three different rinsing solutions were applied to flush root canal. One week later , signs and symptoms were observed , and success rate was assessed in patients by comparing among the three groups. Results Regardless of duration of disease course and patients′ oral health situation, the success rate did not differ significantly among the three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Xipayi gingiva consolidation gargle has the same effect as sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide. It can be used as an alternative for flushing root canal.

Objective To assess the function of motor nerve fiber in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by single-fiber conduction studies.Methods According to the diagnostic standard of DPN issued in Toronto meeting in 2009,on the basis of the result of peroneal nerve conventional conduction study,a total of 65 patients with DPN in the Department of Endocrinology and the Department of Neurology of Tianjin Third Central Hospital from October 2012 to October 2013 were enrolled into the study,from whom 33 had abnormal sensory conduction (sensory-diabetic peripheral neuropathy group,S-DPN group),32 had abnormal sensory motor conduction (sensory motor-diabetic peripheral neuropathy group,SM-DPN group).Single-fiber conduction velocity (SF-CV) and single-fiber distal motor latency (SF-DML)were detected in all subjects.The obtained results were compared with the data from 34 healthy volunteers (control group).The relationship of SF-CV,SF-DML and the duration of diabetes mellitus,fasting glucose,HbA1 c was also studied in DPN patients.Results The SF-CV ((43.1 ± 3.6) m/s) was decreased in S-DPN group compared with control group ((47.5 ± 3.3) m/s,t =5.077,P ＜ 0.01).There were no significant differences in SF-DML ((3.6 ± 0.7) ms),motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV (49.5 ± 2.6)m/s) and DML ((3.4 ± 0.6) ms) in S-DPN group compared with that of control group ((3.4 ± 0.5) ms,(50.9 ± 3.5) m/s,(3.2 ± 0.5) ms,respectively).SM-DPN group had lower SF-CV ((35.2 ± 3.6)m/s,t =9.119,14.219),MCV ((40.9 ± 3.2) m/s,t =11.131,13.025) and increased SF-DML ((4.5±0.7) ms,t=5.692,7.231),DML ((4.2 ±0.7) ms,t=5.561,6.975) compared with the other two groups (P ＜0.01).SF-CV in DPN patients was negatively related to the diabetic duration (r =-0.340,P =0.006),while SF-DML had no correlation with duration of DM,fasting blood glucose and HbAlc.Conclusions Detection of SF-CV is easy to find early motor nerve dysfunction in DPN patients.SF-CV is decreased with the increasing duration of diabetes.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of combining the sedation performed by propofol targeted concentration in-fusion with epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing total pelvic floor reconstruction.Methods A total of 80 eligible patients were recruited and were assigned randomly into the study group(n=40)and the control group(n=40).All patients in both groups were administered epidural anesthesia with the puncture and catheter placing in the space between the 2nd-3rd lumbar vertebras.After the epidural anesthesia,patients in the study group were administered propofol by targeted concentration infusion (TCI)system. The plasma concentration of propofol was modulated to obtain the BIS maintaining between 65-80,and the OAA/S maintaining at 3 scores.The propofol was continuously infused until closing the incision.Values of HR,MAP at different time points in the opera-tion were recorded,and the plasma concentrations of propofol,the incidences of adverse events were recorded.Results The HR and MAP of patients in the study group decreased at T1 (given the anesthetic),T2 (the beginning of the operation),T3 (the beginning of the operation),compared with those at T0 (before the anesthetic)and T4 (30 min after the operation)(P <0.05).The HR and MAP of patients in the control group elevated at T2 ,T3 ,compared with those at T0 and T4 (P <0.05).The HR of study group at T1 ,T2 , T3 and the MAP at T2 were lower than those in control group.In study group,two asphyxia patients were founded.The incidence of shivering in the study group was lower than that in control group (P =0.014).No statistical difference was found in the incidences of other adverse event between this two groups (P >0.05).BIS of study group was (73.3 ±4.8)-(76.1 ±3.4),and the plasma concentrations of propofol was(1.32 ± 0.29 )μg/mL - (1.52 ± 0.26 )μg/mL.Conclusion The combination of propofol sedation performed by TCI and epidural anesthesia could be safely and effectively used in patients undergoing total pelvic floor reconstruc-tion.