OBJECTIVE:To clarify the current situation of technologies for preparation of nanomedicine.DATA SOURCES: A search of Elsevier database was performed using the key terms "nanomedicine, preparation,nanoparticle, ultrafine powder, microsphere, drug, controlled release" from January 2000 to September 2006. Meanwhile,we also searched the China Journal Full-text Database for the related articles published between January 2000 to September 2006 with the key words "nanomedicine, preparation, powder, microsphere, controlled release" in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Articles were selected primarily after their abstracts being read, and related articles accorded with the criteria were collected and read entirely.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 268 articles about nanomedcine were collected. Those repetitive or similar researches were excluded, and 38 articles met the research criteria.DATA SYNTHESIS: Nanomedicine consists of macromolecular conjugates and particulate drug carriers. The materials are stable but also degradable and biocompatible. At present, many technologies have been used for preparing nanomedicine, such as, emulsion, microemulsion, ultrasonic solvent-nonsolvent, spay drying and high-pressure homogenization, and so on.CONCLUSION: The application of nanomedicine carrier and nanotechnology not only sheds a new light on the traditional drugs whose applications are strongly restricted by their poor solubility, high toxicity and poor stability, but also enhances their therapeutic efficiency with lower dosage through targeting effect.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general regularity and characteristics of drug-induced hemorrhage.METHEDS:1139cases of drug-induced hemorrhage reported in internal medical journals published from Jan.1995to Dec.2004were collected and analyzed.RESULTS:The drugs that induced hemorrhage were chiefly antimicrobial drugs,central nervous system drugs and hematopoietic system drugs;oral drugs were the chief means that lead to hemorrhage which amounted to63.92%of the total hemorrhage cases;the bleeding parts were mainly alimentary tract and intestinal tract;the bleeding time usually occurred within2min～1mo after medication.Systematic administration-induced hemorrhage usually occurred under the normal administration and dosage;however,wrong use of drugs,irrational drug uses etc.were accountable for the hem?orrhage in local application.CONCLUSION:Clinicians should give detailed guidance to patients on the drug use so as to avoid wrong or irrational drug use.

Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was performed on isolated rat DRG neurons to investigate the modulation of DA onGABA-activated membrane currents. It was found that majority of the examined neurons(40/47) were sensitive to GABA, 10-6～ 103mol/L GABA activated a dose-dependent inward current which had an obvious desensitization. In 26 of 40 neurons sensitiveto GABA DA induced a little outward current which had no desentization at all. Others showed no effect obviously. When theneurons were treated with DA 10-7～10-4 mol/L prior to the application of GABA for 30 s, 68% (27/40) GABA-activated mem-brane currents were inhibited, whereas DA10-5 inhibited markedly(33.3%) (x±s).

Abscess ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; surgery ; Bacteria, Aerobic ; isolation & purification ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Spleen ; pathology ; surgery ; Splenic Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Child ; Coronary Aneurysm ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; Multiple Organ Failure ; complications ; Shock ; complications

Cervical Vertebrae ; Dura Mater ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms ; surgery

Adolescent ; Child ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach ; physiology

Bone Cysts ; diagnosis ; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sphenoid Bone ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on damage of keratinocytes in ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation skin in HaCaT cells; To preliminarily explore its mechanism of action.Methods HaCaT cells were treated by UVB irradiated for modeling. Blank control group, model group, UVB irradiation group and low-, medium- and high-dose APS interventional groups were set up. Each medication group was given relevant medicine. MTT assay was used to determine the cell activity; GSH-Px, CAT, SOD activity and MDA content were detected by biochemical colorimetric method; contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group, the contents of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in the model group decreased significantly, while the contents of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly (P<0.05); compared with the mode group, the contents of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in the medication groups increased significantly, while the contents of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 were reduced significantly (P<0.01).Conclusion APS can reduce the oxidative stress injury of UVB to HaCaT cells to some extent.

Objective To present the surgical results of severe scoliosis treated with one stage anterior release and posterior instrumentation. Methods 36 patients of severe scoliosis received one stage anterior release and posterior correction during July 1997 to January 2003. There were 9 males and 27 females with an average age of 17.2 years, including 33 idiopathic scoliosis and 3 neurofibromatosis scoliosis. The Cobb's angles of scoliosis were from 85? to 116? with a mean of 96.2?. 18 cases were found with single thoracic curve, 7 cases double thoracic and lumbar curves, 6 cases thoracolumbar curve, 4 cases lumbar curve, and 1 case double thoracic and lumbar curves with associated lumbar curve. 20 cases had abnormal sagittal profile. Three-dimensional instrumentations such as CD (4 cases), CD-Horizon (5 cases), TSRH (10 cases) or Isola (17 cases) were used in posterior procedure after anterior release under the same anesthesia. 31 cases of this group received thoracoplasty. Results The coronal correction was achieved 48.5% on average. The sagittal profile of the spine was distinctly ameliorated. The sagittal balance was restored or maintained in 80.6% of the patients. There were no severe neurological complications, hook displacement, rod breaking and deep infection at follow-up. One case of traumatic pleurisy occurred after surgery and one pseudarthrosis at 2 years later. One patient demonstrated imbalance 11 months after surgery. Two patients presented loss of correction more than 10? at one year follow-up (5.2? on average). Conclusion The result of one stage posterior correction associated with anterior release in treatment of severe scoliosis is satisfactory. Appropriate selection of cases, detailed assessment, SEP monitoring and wake-up test during surgery are helpful to reduce severe complications. The long term results need to be followed-up.