OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of temozolomide(TMZ)in combination with dexamethasone(DXM)on the proliferation of human gliocytoma U251 cells in vitro.METHODS:Human U251 cells were assigned to 1 of the 3 groups: TMZ(10,25,50,100,200,400?mol?L~(-1),respectively)alone or in combination with 40?mol?L~(-1)DXM(TMZ+DXM group)or control group(none drug).After treatment for 72 hours,the cell morphology,cell inhibition ratio,cell cycle and the apoptotic rate were detected.RESULTS:When TMZ concentration was greater than 100?mol?L~(-1)the cell inhibition ratio was higher in TMZ-treated group than in TMZ+DXM-treated group(P

The event of “diagnosing mental disorder but actually not” violates patients′right of informed con-sent and refused to health , showing some problems of “diagnosing mental disorder but actually not” and mandatory admission process and psychiatric judicial authentication , and also have some ethical problems .Therefore, relevant departments should perfect the laws and regulation , establish a hospitalized psychiatric patients appeal , the appeal channels , at the same time , physicians should follow a correct understanding , respect patients rights , disinterest-ed, the ethical principles of self -supervision and also use constraints should be regulated .

BackgroundWith the number of diabetics increases,people pay more attention to the diabetic keratopathy.The major mechanism leading to diabetic keratopathy is diabetic corneal neuropathy.So it is significant to observe pathologic mechanism of diabetic corneal neuropathy. Objective To investigate the protective effects of edaravone( a free radical scavenger) on corneal nerve of rats with experimental diabetic corneal neuropathy,then explain the effects of oxidative stress in the pathologic mechanism of diabetic corneal neuropathy. Methods Seventy Sprague-Daxley male rats were taken as experimental subjects and 20 of them were used as normal control group.The remaining 50 were induced to be diabetic mellitus by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and divided into 2 groups randomly:edaravone treated group and diabetic control group.In the edaravone treated group,edaravone(0.2 g/L) eye drops were used 3 times a day until the animal was killed.Five rats in each group were sacrificed at 6,8,10 and 12 weeks respectively.Then the corneal sensation,number of corneal nerve fibers,morphology,content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the corneal tissue were detected.ResultsIn the diabetic control group,the corneal sensation and the number of corneal nerve fibers were decreased,the density of neural network for cluster was sparse,the nerve activity was decreased,the content of MDA in the corneal tissue was significantly increased,the activity of SOD in the corneal tissue was significantly decreased (P＜0.01 ).Accompany with the course of disease,the above change was obvious day after day.Compared with the diabetic control group,the corneal sensation and the morphological abnormalities in corneal nerve of edaravone group were improved significantly which had the partial branches to the 12th week,the content of MDA in the corneal tissue was significantly decreased,the activity of SOD in the corneal tissue was significantly increased (P＜0.01).Conclusions Edaravone can lower diabetic corneal nerve of rats with experimental diabetic corneal neuropathyinjury,Oxidative stress may be a critical pathologic mechanism of diabetic corneal neuropathy.

There are one third of synthesized proteins must be secreted to the cell surface or to the surrounding environment to acquire their native functional state. Most of them are exported by Sec translocase (secretion pathway). Sec translocase consists of a membrane embedded protein-conducting channel, termed SecYEG and a peripherally associated motor domain, the ATPase SecA. The SecDFyajC heterotrimeric membrane protein complex can facilitates protein translocation. SecB is a molecular chaperone that functions in the protein translocation pathway. SecM (secretion monitor) encoded by the 5' region of the secM-secA mRNA, which elongation arrest is required for upregulated expression of SecA. The signal sequence in the N terminus of the nascent peptide is first recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP). SecB, the Sec-system-specific chaperone, channels the preprotein to the Sec translocation pathway and, ad- ditionally, actively targets the bound precursor to the translocase by its ability to bind SecA. The preprotein-bearing SecA then binds to the membrane, at a high-affinity SecA-binding site, SecYEG, which constitutes a channel for polypeptide movement. Continued translocation requires cycles of ATP hydrolysis bySecA, which is thought to occur in a step-wise fashion with a step of 20~30 amino acid residues.

Health management is the intrinsic requirement to build and embody a harmonious society. While health management provides strong human resources for the development of a harmonious society, a harmonious society promotes the health management. Health management plays a significant role in the construction and development of a harmonious society in terms of reducing risks to the health, improving the quality of life, lowering medical cost, lightening the socio-medical burden, enhancing awareness of health, improving the national health conditions, protecting health resources, and promoting a sustainable social development. Health is an important component of social productive forces, and health management is an essential prerequisite for the harmonious development of society. There would be no real harmonious society without effective health management.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of vitrectomy for advanced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and evaluate influence factors of anatomical recovery for stage 5 ROP.Methods Fiftyeight eyes of 40 infants with advanced ROP who underwent vitrectomy were retrospectively analyzed.There were 16 eyes of stage 4a,7 eyes of stage 4b,and 35 eyes of stage 5 ROP.Eighteen eyes received laser photocoagulation,2 eyes received cryotherapy,and 11 eyes received intravitreous injection of Bevacizumab (IVB) before surgery.The average follow-up time was 17.01 months.Anatomical outcome of retina after surgery was recorded by indirect ophthalmoscope and RetCam Ⅱ digital camera system.Visual outcome was measured by grating acuity test(lea gratingTM),and was converted to Snellen acuity values for analysis.For those who cannot cooperate to accomplish the test,we use hand move,light perception and non-light perception to record visual outcome. Results All 16 eyes of stage 4a were anatomically recovered (100.00％).5/7 eyes of stage 4b were anatomically recovered (71.43％) and 2/7 eyes were anatomically failed(28.57％).12/35 eyes of stage 5 were anatomically recovered (34.29％); 10/35 eyes were partial anatomically recovered (28.57％); 13 eyes were anatomically failed (37.14％). Anatomical outcome of stage 4a or 4b was better than stage 5 statistically(x2 =22.55,P＜0.05).Of 16 eyes of stage 4a,3 eyes were absent for visual function test.In the rest 13 eyes of stage 4a,VA of 6 eyes (46.15％) was between 0.03 and 0.07; 5 eyes (38.46％) were hand move; 2 eyes (15.39％) were light perception.Of 7 eyes of stage 4b,2 eyes (28.57％) accomplished grating acuity test with VA of 0.008 and 0.017 respectively; 1 eye (14.29％) was hand move; 2 eyes (28.57％) were light perception; 2 eyes (28.57％) were non-light perception.Of 35 eyes of stage 5,5 eyes were absent for visual function test.In the rest 30 eyes of stage 5,VAof2 eyes (6.67％) was 0.004; 4 eyes (13.33％) were hand move; 12 eyes (40.00％) were light perception; 12 eyes (40.00％) were non-light perception.Visual outcome of stage 5 was worse than stage 4a or 4b statistically(x2=15.734,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant relationship between anatomical outcome and birth weight,gestational weeks,age at surgery,IVB therapy,laser or cryotherapy before surgery.Conclusions Vitrectomy can effectively control the lesions progress of stage 4a ROP,and achieve partially anatomically recovery of some stage 4b/5 patients.There was no statistically significant relationship between anatomical outcome and birth weight,gestational weeks,age at surgery,IVB,laser or cryotherapy before surgery.

Objective To explore the risk factors and imaging features of silent brain infarction (SBI).Methods The patient with SBI from the clinic were enrolled in the study,and the patients with symptomatic non-lacunar infarction served as controls.The risk factors and imaging features of both groups were compared.Results Among 145 patients with SBI,133 (91.72％) had two or more lesions,mainly in the centrum semiovale (73.10％).The proportion of patients with white matter lesions in the group of SBI in a single location was significantly lower than that in the group of SBI in multiple locations (41.67％ vs.73.68％ ;x2 =5.484,P =0.019).Compared to the patients with SBI,the age in patents with symptomatic non-lacunar infarction was older (72.42 ± 11.79 vs.67.03 ± 12.04 years; t =3.545,P =0.000),the proportions of male (63.55％ vs.46.21％ ;x2 =7.447,P =0.006),hypertension (80.37％ vs.64.14％ ; x2 =7.887,P =0.005) and atrial fibrillation (31.78％ vs.8.97％,x2 =21.113,P =0.000),as well as the levels of fasting glucose (6.09 ±1.23 mmol/Lvs.5.65± 1.18 mmol/L; t=2.863,P=0.005),total cholesterol (5.53± 0.74 mmol/Lvs.5.27 ± 0.90 mmol/L; t =2.554,P =0.011),triglycerides (1.89 ± 0.20 mmol/L vs.1.77 ± 0.18 mmol/L; t =4.910,P=0.000) and homocysteine (1 4.88 ±4.97 mmol/L vs.11.94 ±4.61 mmol/L; t =4.432,P =0.000)were higher.However,the lipoprotein (a) level was lower (0.18 ± 0.06 g/L vs.0.27 ± 0.18 g/L; t =-5.489,P =0.000).Among patients with SBI,33.8％ and 43.5％ had lesions in two and three locations,respectively;among patients with symptomatic non-lacunar infarction,66.4％ and 27.1％ had lesions in a single location and two locations,respectively (P ＜ 0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lipoprotein (a)was the independent risk factor for SBI (odds ratio 5.988,95％ confidence interval 2.421-14.706; P =0.000).Conclusions Although they shared a variety of common risk factors,patients with SBI had less atherosclerotic risk factors than those with symptomatic non-lacunar infarction.Most patients with SBI had lesions in multiple locations.

BACKGROUND: As demonstrated by recent reports, immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly induced and expressed when a songbird is stimulated either by bird-song or by its vocal-behavior. The expression area and level of IEGs in the brain, such as zenk, c-fos and c-jun, are corresponding to where and how the neurons are related as a songbird is stimulated, suggesting that IEGs play important roles in vocal learning and memory.OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between vocal learning of songbird and immediate early gene so as to understand the mechanism of human language and the control of central nervous system.DATA SOURCES: All papers were cited from MEDLINE with the keywords of "songbird, vocal learning, memory, zenk, c-fos and c-jun" in English between January 1990 and December 2001. Meanwhile, we searched the Chinese journals full-text database and Wanfang database with the same keywords in Chinese between January 1990 and November 2001 were also searched.STUDY SELECTION: The papers about immediate early genes and vocal learning and memory in songbirds were selected. Then non-randomly controlled studies were excluded, and the rest full-text papers were looked up.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 17 papers about immediate early genes and vocal learning and memory in songbirds were found. We choose 11 papers in them and 6 was excluded because of summarization.DATA SYNTHESIS: ① zenk and vocal behavior: Expression of zenk in bird's brain can affect learning and memory through adjusting synthesis of special protein. ② Reaction of c-fos to various songs: The reaction of local neurons in bird's brain to the birdsongs are made by the decision of the numbers of song factor in learning songs. ③ Associations of c-jun and cfos: zenk, fos and jun are the necessaries for maintaining long-term memory, which produce a marked effect through signal transduction, reconstruction, synthesis and transduction of induced synapse.CONCLUSION: Immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly induced and expressed when a songbird is stimulated either by bird-song or by its vocal-behavior. The expression area and level of IEGs in the brain, such as zenk, c-fos and c-jun, are corresponding to where and how the neurons are related as a songbird is stimulated, suggesting that IEGs play important roles in vocal learning and memory.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PA CAP) which belongs to the secretin/glucagon/VIP family has been originally isola ted from the sheep hypothalamus on the basis of its ability to stimulate cAMP fo rmation in culture rat anterior pituitary cells. Post-translational processing of the PACAP precursor generates two biologically active molecular forms, PACAP -38 and PACAP-27. The primary structure of PACAP has been remarkably conserved during evolution. The sequence of PACAP-27 exhibits substantial similarities w ith those of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucagon and secretin. The gene encoding the PACAP precursor is widely expressed in brain and various peri pheral organs, notably in endocrine glands, gastro-intestinal，uro-genital tra cts and respiratory system. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that PACAP exhibits multiple activities especially a trophic activity during ontogen esis, notably in the adrenal medulla and the central nervous system. The biologi cal effects of PACAP are mediated through three distinct receptor subtypes which exhibit differential affinities for PACAP and VIP. The PAC1 receptor, which sho ws high selectivity for PACAP, is coupled to several transduction systems. In co ntrast, VPAC1 and VPAC2, which bind with the same affinity for PACAP and VIP, ar e mainly coupled to the adenylyl cyclase pathway. In conclusion, PACAP is neurop eptide, and it functions as a hypothalamic hormone, neurohormone, neuromodulator , vasodilator, neurotransmitter or trophic factor in the brain and the various o rgans.