With the development of transportation and construction, due to the increasing incidence of spinal cord injury, patients mainly rely on family caregivers.The paper reviewed the type of care burden and the influencing factors, and nursing intervention mode to decrease the caregivers' burden of spinal cord injury patients. We wish to provide suggestions for building nursing intervention model of Chinese spinal cord injury caregivers .

AIM: To study the correlation between DNA index(DI),5cER,MRI appearance and the malignant grades of brain astrocytic tumors.METHODS: After Feulgen staining,40 paraffin samples of astrocytic tumors were observed about DI and 5cER by image analysis,MRI appearances were reviewed,including edema around tumor,clearity of boundary,equality of MRI singal,enhancement of tumor,shift of medline,necroses and cyst,then compared them with pathological grade and survival rate.RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between DI,5cER,MRI appearance and pathological grade,negative correlation between DI,5cER,MRI appearance and survival rate.CONCLUSION: DI,5cER and MRI appearance are very important in judging pathological grade and patient's prognosis.When 5cER mean of astrocytic tumor exceeds 20,the tumor should be judged as glioblastoma.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of glucose in levofloxacin mesylate/glucose injection(LMGI).METHODS: The samples were determined by HPLC-ELSD on shim-pack VP-ODS column using ammonium acetate solution(adjusted to pH4.0 with acetic acid glacial)-acetonitrile(gradient elution) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 mL?min-1.The injection volume was 10 ?L.The ELSD conditions were as follows: pressure of N2=35 PSI;drift temperature=80 ℃;spray temperature=48 ℃;attenuation Gain=10.RESULTS: The linear range of glucose was 49～148 ?g(r=0.999 8) and the average recovery rate was 100.18%(RSD=0.61%).CONCLUSIONS: The method is accurate,specific and applicable for the determination of glucose in LMGI.

Objective To elucidate potential roles of tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) in the generation and maintenance of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. Methods We followed the fate of OVA-specific CD8 + T cells in Tyk2-deficient ( Tyk2 -/- ) mice after infection with recombinant OVA-expressing BCG ( rBCGOVA ). Because the immunostimulatory BCG-derived peptides recognized by CD8 + T cells have not been defined, and the OVA is definite peptide for specific CD8 + T cells that has been accepted widely, therefore we examine the kinetics of the OVA-Ag-specific CD8 + T cell response after rBCG-OVA infection in mice.Tyk2-/- and wild type(Tyk2+/+ ) mice were inoculated with rBCG-OVA by intra-trachea( i. t. ), after the examination of bacterial growth in the lung and spleen, the population of CD8 + T cells were detected by FACS analysis, the epitope-specific CD8 + T cells were followed with tetrameric H-2Kb molecule folding with OVA257 264 peptide, and the kinetics of Ag-specific CD8 + Tc1 cells were detected by intracellular IFN-γ production in response to OVA257-264 peptide by cytokine FACS analysis. Results After rBCG-OVA challenge,the bacteria number in spleen and lung of Tyk2 -/- mice were significantly larger than those in Tyk2 +/+ mice on days 14, 21 and 49. Almost as same as that in Tyk2+/+ mice, the size of epitope-specific CD8+ T cella with OVA257-264/Kb-tetramer-positive and the CD8 +Tc1 (T eytotoxic 1 )cells positive for intracellular IFN-γ could proliferate to its peak on day 21, then contract and maintain to the memory phase in spleen and lung of Tyk2-/- mice, but the population of CD8+ T cells in spleen and lung of Tyk2 -/- mice were significantly smaller than those in Tyk2+/+ mice on days 21 and 49, the number of epitope-specific CD8+ T cells in spleen and lung of Tyk2 -/- mice were significantly decreased and the frequency of CD8 + Tc1 cells in spleen and lung of Tyk2 -/- mice significantly reduced on day 21,49 and 70 after rBCG-OVA infection. So correspond with the larger number of bacteria in Tyk2-/- mice than those in Tyk2 +/+ mice, the expansion of OVA257-264-specific CD8 + T cells and CD8+ Tc1 response were attenuated in Tyk2 -/- mice following rBCG-OVA infection. Conclusion These results suggest that the lack of Tyk2 signaling impairs the proliferation and difference of effector CD8 + T cell to rBCG-OVA infection and at least, is partly responsible for the susceptible to the rBCG-OVA infection.

Tob1 is a member of Tob/BTG anti-proliferative proteins family. Studies have shown that Tobl involves in tumor development, embryonic development, hyperostosis, behavioral capacity and so on.Tobl is intimate with tumor occurrence and development, and plays an important role in suppressing tumor development. The article focuses on the biological characteristics of the Tob1 and its relationship with tumors.

Expression of the T-type Ca2 + channels has been reported in numerous types of tumors due to their unique activation/inactivation properties. In some cancer cells, the expression of T-type Ca2+ channels is proliferation state dependent. T-type channel blockers or interfering the α1 subunit of this channel via siRNA decrease proliferation of these cells. Since T-type Ca2+ channels are not expressed in epithelial cells, selective T-type Ca2 + channel blockers maybe serve as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of certain types of cancers.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of aerosol inhalation of Pulmicort Respules combined with urbason in treating severe bronchial asthma.MethodsThe clinical data of 40 cases aith severe bronchial asthma treated in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively,among which 20 cases underwent Pulmicort Respules combined with urbason(Tset Group),20 cases underwent urbason( Control Group).ResultsCompared with the control group,the blood gas analysis in test group had statistically significant difference before treatment (P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,the clinical effect and the blood gas analysis in test group had no statistically significant difference after treatment(P ＞ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,the complications in test group had statistically significant difference( P ＜ 0.05),the complications in test group was less than the control group.ConclusionAerosol inhalation of Pulmicort Respules can reduce the amount of urbason and lower the incidence d complications.The combination treatment of this two drugs can achieve the same clinical results alike the clinical effect of large doses of methy lprednisolone.

ObjectiveTo analyze the application effects of two dimensional Duplex imaging and Site- Rite 5 ultrasound guided instrument during PICC insertion. Methods60 cases underwent color ultrasound- guided PICC were divided into the control group and the experimental group,they used the SiteRite 5 ultrasonic guided instrument and two dimensional Duplex imaging for PICC respectively.The success rate of vessel puncture,success rate of one- time insertion,accuracy in vessel selection and the rate of local tissue damage between the two groups were compared. ResultsThe experimental group had a higher success rate in the vessel selection and also with a higher rate of local tissue damage,but success rate of vessel puncture,success rate of one- time insertion were lower than the control group.However,there were no significant differences. ConclusionsFor the hospitals which can't purchase the Site- Rite 5 ultrasound guidance instrument for PICC,the two dimensional Duplex guidance can he attempted for PICC.It can achieve a higher success rate of insertion,especial in patients with bad condition of the peripheral vessels,so that this technology can be developed rapidly and widely.

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is widely expressed in eukaryotic cells and a key regulator of the cell mitosis.During different stages of mitosis,the locations of Plk1 in cells are different,and can interaction with different substrates,thus it has many biological functions.This article focuses on the functions of Plk1 in different mitotic stages.

Objective Analyzed 32 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) patients,to analysis the clinical and pathological characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach and explore associated prognostic factors.Methods Thirty-two GIST patients confirmed pathologically were included from May,2007 to April,2013.Their clinical records were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of the 32 GIST patients,the overall survival (OS) is 85.3％ for the second year.The progression free survival (PFS) is 79.2％ for the second year,respectively.Univariate survival analysis showed that OS and PFS have significant association with tumor size,metastasis,mitotic index and NIH risk group.Conclusions Metastasis and NIH risk group both are potential prognostic factor for gastric GIST.