Alternating hemiplegia of childhood(AHC) is a hereditary disease characterized by hemiplegia spells,abnormal eye movements,dystonia and cognitive impairment.There are three phases of the disease.Each phase has its unique clinical symptoms:phase 1-abnormal eye movements and dystonia;phase 2-hemiplegia spells; phase 3-permanent cognitive impairment.The severity of cognitive impairment depends on the time of onset of hemiplegia spells:the earlier the onset is,the worse outcome will be.No effective treatment has been established.Thetreatments currently include:avoiding predisposing factors and taking drugs such as flunarizine to prevent hemiplegia attacks,in the inter-ictal stage;and sedation during hemiplegia attacks.According to the latest research,AHC is caused by the de novo mutation of gene ATP1A3.

Objective To investigate the effects of Xiaoke Wan on serum adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes metlitus. Methods A total of 60 2TDM patients with deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome were recruited into a control group and a treatment group randomly, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with Xiaoke Wan, and the control group was treated with glibenclamide. After 32 weeks, the changes of FPG, 2hPG, HbAIc, FINS, C-P, APN, HBCI,IRI and improvement of symptoms were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with glibenclamide, Xiaoke Wan can significantly improve the patients' symptoms, reduce the level of IRI (t=-1.590, P=-0.036), and increase serum APN (t=1.918, P=0.002). Conclusion Xiaoke Wan can significantly improve symptoms, reduce fasting blood glucose and 2 hour postprandial blood glucose, recover the secretion of adipouectin, decrease insulin resistance in 2TDM patients with deficiency of both qi and yin.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; STAT Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; metabolism

?AlM:To evaluate the effect and safety of 1. 8mm coaxial microincision phacoemulsification - trabeculetomy with ultra-thin intraocular lens ( lOL ) implants for treating glaucoma complicated with cataract, and to compare with the traditional 3. 0mm small phacoemulsification-trabeculetomy with foldable lOL implantion.
?METHODS: ln this prospective study, 36 patients ( 36 eyes) with glaucoma and cataract in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Regian People’s Hospital were collected and randomly divided into 2 groups. For the small incision group: 18 cases ( 18 eyes ) underwent 3. 0mm coaxial incision phacoemulsification-trabeculetomy with foldable lOL implantion; ln th microincision group: 18 cases ( 18 eyes ) underwent 1. 8mm microincision phacoemulsification-trabeculetomy with ultra-thin lOL implantion. The two groups were recorded for 1wk, 1 and 3mo of visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell density, surgically induced astigmatism, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , filtering bleb and complications. Pearson’s Chi-square test ande t-test were used to determine differences between the two groups.
?RESULTS:At 1wk postoperatively, visual acuity in the microincision group was better than that of small incision group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0. 05). At 1 and 3mo, the difference in corrected visual acuity between the 2 groups had no significant difference (P>0. 05). At 1wk, 1 and 3mo, there was a significant different between the 2 groups in surgically induced astigmetism (P<0. 05). At 1wk postoperatively, there was a significant difference in corneal endothelial cells density between 2 groups (P<0. 05). But there were no significant difference at 1 and 3mo ( P > 0. 05 ). lOP reduced after surgy ( microincision group: 15. 26 ±3. 12mmHg, small incision group: 14. 57±2. 86mmHg), there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). There was no significant different between the 2 groups in blebs (P>0. 05). Neither iris injury, posterior capsule rupture nor anterior chamber bleeding complications was found in any groups.
?CONCLUSlON: TBy compared with traditional 3. 0mm coaxial small incision phacoemulsification -trabeculectomy with foldable lOL implantion, 1. 8mm microincision phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy withe ultra- thin lOL implantion can effectively reduce the astigmatism operation. This operation is safe, effective, convenient surgy for treating cataract and glaucoma.

Objective To study the chemical constituents and structures of the glycosaminogly-cans isolated from the leftover bits of the Chlamys farreri and Argopecten irradisus. Methods The qualitative and quantitative analyses of monosaccharides obtained by alcoholyses with HCl-methylalcohol from the samples were done by gas chromatography with standard contrast and inner standard methods. Mixed with KBr and pressed into pellet, the samples were analyzed by infrared spectrometer scanning from 4000-500 cm-1. Results The contents of monosaccharides from the samples were rhamnose 0. 75%, xylose 0. 63%, fucose 0. 67%, mannose 0. 97%, glucose 1. 11% and galactose 1. 59%, respectively. The infrared spectrum showed that the samples had typical infrared spectra of glycosaminoglycan. Conclusions The glycosaminoglycan isolated from the leftover bits of the Chlamys farreri contains neutral monosaccharides. Compared with standard glycosaminoglycans, the infrared spectra of the two samples are similar to that of hyaluronic acid.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 plays an important role in the blood-brain barrier disruption.Blood-brain barrier disruption may directly influence the neurovascuiar unit repair after cerebral ischemia.An in-depth study of matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated ischemic brain damage and neurovascular remodeling is expected to open up a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral ischemia in clinical practice.

Objective To explore the effect of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) on apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells induced with curcumin. Methods MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of curcumin to colorectal cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the anti-apoptosis effect of HGF. Results Flow cytometry showed only 64 ?g/ml curcumin could play the proliferation-inhibiting role in Caco-2 cells leading to their apoptosis; at the same time, different concentrations of HGF could antagonize this inhibitory effect resulting in the decrease of apoptosis, but HGF worked without a concentration-dependent manner. The study on MAPK pathway showed that the protective effect of HGF on the apoptosis of Caco-2 cells was not influenced by inhibiting p42/p44 MAPK and p38 MAPK pathway. Conclusion HGF/SF antagonizes the apoptosis of Caco-2 cells induced with curcumin, but MAPK signaling pathway might not participate in this process.

A simple method for in vitro production of sporangia by Phytophthora boehmeriae causing cotton boll blight in China was developed, and a method for dilution of zoospore suspensions was presented as well, Large amounts of sporangia were obtained when mycelial mats, produced from Potato extract-Dextrose Liquid (PDL) or Bean extract-Dextrose Liquid (BDL) at 24 ℃ for 48—72 hr ,were rinsed with Mineral Salt Solution (MSS) four times at 20—22℃ for 10—12 h with continuous fluorescent light (cool white), and incubated for additional 12 h after drained off MSS. Darkness favored oospore whereas suppressed sporangial production by P. boehmeriae. BDB is superior to PDB in the production of oospores and sporangia by P. boehmeriae as evidenced by the amount of sporangia or oospores and in particular the fact that the color change of mycelial mats from light orange to purple was synchronous with the sporulation of P. boehmeriae. Tris-succinate buffer(pH6.8, 5.0mmol/L, TSB) was the quantitatively excellent diluent for preserving motility of zoospores of P. boehmeriae in the dilution process.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase 8 ( ADAM8 ) in breast cancer and in normal breast tissues and its negative regulation role in tumorigenesis and progress of breast cancer.MethodsThe expression of ADAM8 in breast cancer and normal breast tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC),qRT-PCR,and Western blot.The relation between ADAM8 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer patients was analyzed.ResultsADAM8 was expressed in breast cancer and normal breast tissues.The expression of ADAM8 mRNA and protein was significantly lower in breast cancer than in normal breast tissues (qRT-PCR:P =0.015,IHC:P =0.044,Western blot:P =0.000).The expression rate of ADAM8 was related to lymph node metastasis,tumor stage and tumor size,although the difference had no statistical significance.IHC results showed that ADAM8 expression level was lower in stage Ⅲ + Ⅳthan in stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ ( P =0.574 ).qRT-PCR showed ADAM8 mRNA expression was lower in stage Ⅱb + Ⅲ than in stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ a ( P =0.247).ADAM8 expression was lower in the breast cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis (P =0.560 by IHC and P =0.592 by qRT-PCR).ADAM8 expression was lower in tumors whose size ＞ 2 cm than in tumors whose size ≤ 2 cm,however,the difference had no statistical significance ( P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionsADAM8 is significantly lower-expressed in breast cancer than in normal breast tissues,which is associated with clinical stages and lymph node metastasis.The reduced expression of ADAM8 may play a role in the pathogenesis and progress of breast cancer.

In recent years, microRNAs were shown to be one of the key factors in post transcriptional gene regulation which are involved in occurrence, development of many diseases. In the field of kidney disease research, the role of microR?NAs attracted more and more attention. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease, whose pathogenesis however has not been fully elucidated yet. This article reviews the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of dia?betic nephropathy.