The photopic negative response(PhNR)from photopie electroretinogram(ERG)is a slowly negative potential following positive b wave.The experimental study of primates and clinieal observation of patients determined that PhNR arise from retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)and their axons.But the research result of rodents suggested that PhNR of mice and rats,unlike in human and primates,originate from amaerine cells.Recently,the study progress in PhNR is eoncemed by more and more researchers.The study of PhNR in the focal ERG,the influence of different recording conditions on PhNR wave and the character as well as recording condition of PhNR wave in rodents were introduced in this paper.

Objective:Through the survey of basic situation,cost of outpatient and requirement for sanitaion service about native citizens of Tongliang Chongqing,I clearly understand the situation of health care demand.Method:Sampling survey on the spot.Result: The main part in the outpatients is people with junior high school following education background,the farmers and the unemployed.The commonly encountered disease in Tongling are diestive,urogenital and circulatory systems disease.About 90% people choose self-provided payment way in medical care.The hospitalize reason for patients is whether medical technology is good,service is kindhearted and whether there is a doctor who you trust.Conclusions:The county hospital should invest more money to medical treatment facilities;improve the professional skills of the medical personnel;the government should set up the health care system at an early date.

Objective:To investigate the effects of EGCG on the in vitro adhesion,invasion and motility of MDA-MB-231 cells,and explore the possible mechanism of the preventive effects of EGCG on tumor metastasis.Methods:MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium,10% fetal bovine serum and 0(control),125?g/ml TP,EGCG for 48 hours in vitro,the adhesion and invasion ability of EGCG-treated cells was investigated with MTT colorimetric assay and transwell.Results:The ability of EGCG-treated cells to adhere to Matrigel decreased significantly(P

By investigating the frequently appeared statistical mistakes in the thesis of medical postgraduates,and analyzing their major causes,we suggest two ways to clear these problems.One way is to encourage the authors to master the theory and application of statistics,and to use standard methods of statistical description and inference in their medical writing through extensive education and training.The other way is to introduce statisticians into the editing procedure to improve the scientific quality of published medical thesis.

Along with the perfection of taxation system,the country enhances the supervision of individual income tax constantly.It is easy for managers of the scientific research funds to ignore the tax management of scientific research work reward.Combined with the actual work,this article pointed out the tax misunderstanding of the scientific research work reward that exists in scientific research funds management,and analyzed some examples that explain the difierence and methods of calculating the individuaI income tax by the scientific research work reward in the difierent situations.Moreover,it clarified that it is verv ireportant for the management of scientific research funds to tax the individual income according to law.

Objective:To assess the health-related quality of life in orthognathic treatment by questionnaires,investigate the ef-fect of orthognathic surgery to orthognathic health-related quality of life,and provide reference for clinical orthognathic treat-ment.Methods:58 patients receiving orthognathic treatment were assessed with reformed orthognathic quality of life questionnaire(OQLQ)at three times,which were one week before orthodontic appliance implantation(T1),one week before surger(yT2),and one week after treatment(T3).All the results were statistically analyzed with PEMS3.1 software package.Result:Factors of HRQOL score,facial esthetics,oral function,social aspects in T3 were significantly lower than in T1 and T2(P

Objective:To investigate the effect of benzyl-?-GalNAc on MUC1 expression and the adhesion of breast cancer cell Iine(MDA-MB-231) so as to understand the relationship between MUC1 and invasiveness of human breast cancer cells.Methods:The activity and expression of MUC1 in breast cancer cells were detected with immunohistochemistry.The adhesive ability of those cells to various basement membrane components were measured by MTT assay.Results:Benzyl-?-GalNAc significantly suppressed the expression of MUC 1 and the adhesion of the tumor cell to basement membrane( P

Chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) and its ligands eotaxin are inflammatory factors,and they were thought to be related to asthma and allergic diseases before.Recent studies showed that CCR3 plays significant roles in many eye diseases,such as choroidal noevascularization (CNV),allergic cunjunctivititis,age-related macular degeneration (AMD),central retinal vein occlusion and retinal degeneration etc.The biological function study suggested that CCR3 and eotaxin participate in not only promoting the transportation of eosinophilic granulocyte and mastocyte but also inflammatory response.To understand the roles of CCR3 and eotaxin in eye diseases has a very important significance for the recognition and treatment of eye diseases.The structure and function of CCR3 and its ligands,and the relationship between CCR3 and some eye diseases were reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the reformatted unenhanecded spiral CT of ureter for ureterolithiasis. Methods 39 patients were examined using nonenhenced spiral CT from the top of the kidneys to symphysis pubis in a single breath hold. The postprocessing method used in our studies was curved planar reformatting(CPR). Results Reformatted CT displayed clearly the entire course of ureter in all 39 cases . The diagnosis of ureterolithiasis was made on CPR views by definitive demonstration a calculus actually within the ureter, including the stone size, shape, location and the obstruction degree of ureter in 33 patients. The CPR views also demonstrated the ureter and the structures around clearly to aid greatly in differentiating the other 6 cases miscellaneous urinary tract conditions. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the reformatted nonenhanecded spiral CT of ureter has potential as an imaging tool for the ureterolithiasis and other urinary tract abnormalities.

The paper presents a summary of theories on the impact of health on economy and makes an empirical analysis of the impact from three aspects,viz.health and economic development,health and personal income,and health and economic growth.In light of economic development in the past and studies in recent years of the relationship between health human capital,personal income and economic development in micro and macro economics,the paper argues that health human capital has contributed to the rise of personal income by improving individual labor market performance and has directly promoted economic growth by constituting a form of investment.