Objective To evaluate the value of ATP content of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the diagnosis of infection and its correlation with drug concentrations in renal transplant recipients.Methods 45 renal transplant recipients were reviewed from May 2010 to October 2011.There were 33males and 12 females,aged from 21 to 58 years old.The recipients were divided into non-infection group (n =34) and infection group (n =11) according to their clinical manifestation.11 cases of infection were diagnosed by the chest X-ray,CT imaging manifestations and etiological examination,among them 5 cases were pulmonary infection,4 cases were upper respiratory infection,1 case was urinary tract infection and 1 case was perineal abscess.23 healthy volunteers were enrolled as the control group.They were detected ATP content of CD4+T lymphocytes by Immuknow method.Thetrough concentrations of the FK506 and CsA were detected by microparticle enzyme immunoassay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay,respectively.The hs-CRP concentration was detected by immunoturbidimetry.Results The ATP content of CD4+ T lymphocytes of the control group,non infection group and the infection group were (295±74) μg/L,(35± 189) μg/L and (212± 155) μg/L respectively.The levels of ATP of infection group were obviously lower than the control group and non-infection group.There were statistically differences (P ＜0.05).24 recipients were followed up dynamicly.There were 4 cases whose ATP value was lower than the postoperative average levels in 5 infection recipients.The hs-CRP concentration of infection group were (12.4±4.8) mg/L,obviously higher than the non infection group's (3.3 ± 4.7) mg/L and the control group' s (0.5 ± 0.5) mg/L.There were statistically differences (P＜0.05).The ATP content of CD4+ T lymphocytes were no significant associated with drug trough concentrations (P＞0.05).Conclusions Low ATP level after renal transplantation is a risk factor for infection recipients.Immuknow cell function assay can make up for the inadequacy of the drug concentration monitoring,reduce the risk of infection,and guide clinical immunosuppressive adjustment.

Forearm ; innervation ; Ganglion Cysts ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; innervation ; surgery ; Tendons ; surgery ; Ulnar Nerve ; surgery

Objective To explore the influence of different methods of bandaging on the postoperative intracranial pressure of patients with severe brain injury patients after decompression craniectomy. Methods The standard decompressive craniectomy was use for the 36 cases of severe traumatic brain injury patients, and the intracranial pressure monitoring sensor probe was indwelled in operaion. Two different dressing methods of elasticity mesh cap and applicator were used for the patients respectively at 0h, 72h, 120h and 168h after operation, and the value of intracranial pressure was monitored and recorded. Result The intracranial pressure of elastic cap were significantly higher than the applicator respectively in operation immediate postoperative 72h, 120h and 168h (P<0.05), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions The intracranial pressure of elastic cap is significantly higher than the applicator at different times after the surgery group.

OBJECTIVETo study the numbers and locations of spermatic veins, testicular arteries, and lymphatic vessels in the spermatic cord of the varicocele patient under the laparoscope.

METHODSFifty-seven varicocele patients received laparoscopic ligation of spermatic veins, during which we recorded the numbers and observed the locations of spermatic veins, testicular arteries, and spermatic lymphatic vessels.

RESULTSDuring the surgery, we identified 3.3 ± 1.2 spermatic veins, 1.4 ± 0.9 testicular arteries, and 4.3 ± 1.1 spermatic lymphatic vessels. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two side in the numbers of the spermatic veins, testicular arteries and spermatic lymphatic vessels (P > 0.05). The testicular arteries were seen on the exterior of the spermatic veins and winding around them, while the spermatic lymphatic vessels mostly between the veins.

CONCLUSIONThe spermatic veins, testicular arteries, and lymphatic vessels in the spermatic cord of the varicocele patient have their specific anatomic characteristics. Laparoscopic identification of these vessels may contribute to the surgical treatment of varicocele.

Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Ligation ; Male ; Spermatic Cord ; anatomy & histology ; Testis ; Varicocele ; pathology ; Veins ; anatomy & histology

Objective To study the application of pulmonary angiography and reconstruction techniques with 16-detector row spiral CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in the elderly.Methods Twenty-four elderly patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism received detection of CT and pulmonary artery angiography ( CTPA ) on 16-detector MSCT.Post-reconstruction techniques included maximum intensity projection (MIP), volume rendering (VR)and multiple planar reformation (MPR). Results A total of 161 pulmonary artery thrombi were detected in 24 elderly patients. The direct signs of pulmonary embolism included total occlusion (16.8%, 27/161), partial filling defect (67.7%, 109/161) and central filling defect or track sign (15.5%, 25/161). A total of 161 pieces of pulmonary thrombi were detected in transect image, 153 (95.0%) in MPR, 113 (70.2%) in MIP and 69 (42.9%) in VR. The transect image excelled evidently MIP and VR image in displaying pulmonary thrombi, especially the thrombi in pulmonary lobe and pulmonary artery branch (χ2 =235.36 and 243.41, P＜0.05). Conclusions The 16-detector row spiral CT pulmonary angiography is non-invasive, fast and high sensitive, it should be the first choice for the diagnosis of PE in the elderly.

We investigated the genetic diversity and evolution of the M gene of human influenza A viruses in Hangzhou (Zhejiang province, China) from 2009 to 2013, including subtypes of A(H1N1) pdm09 strains and seasonal A(H3N2) strains. Subtypes of analyzed viruses were identified by cell culture and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, followed by cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the M gene. Assessment of 5675 throat swabs revealed a positive rate for the influenza virus of 20.46%, and 827 cases were diagnosed as. infections due to influenza A viruses. Seventy-six influenza-A strains were selected randomly from nine stages during six phases of a virus epidemic. Sequences of the M gene showed high homology among six epidemics with identities of amino-acid sequences of 98.98-100%. All strains contained the adamantine-resistant mutation S31N in its M2 protein. Two of the A(H1N1)pdm09 strains had double mutants of V27A/S31N or V271/S31N. One of the seasonal A(H3N2) viruses had another form of double-mutant R45H/S31N. Evolutionary rate of the M gene was much lower than that of the HA gene and NA gene. Compared with A(H3N2) strains, higher positive pressure on the M1 and M2 proteins of A(H1N1) pdm09 viruses was observed. Separate analyses of M1 and M2 proteins revealed very different selection pressures. Knowledge of the genetic diversity and evolution of the M gene of human influenza-A viruses will be valuable for the control and prevention of diseases.
Amino Acid Substitution ; China ; epidemiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Altitude ; Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; metabolism ; physiology ; Male ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

This study is to investigate the anti-tumor activities of a novel cyclophosphamide derivate 4, 6-diphenyl cyclophosphamide (9b) in vivo and in vitro, and its possible mechanism of action. The inhibitory effects of 9b on human hepatoma cell line HepG2, human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and human myeloid leukemia cell line K562 were measured by MTT assay in vitro. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate were evaluated by flow cytometry. To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of 9b in vivo, mouse model bearing inoculated H22 tumor was established. The results indicated that 9b could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2, MCF-7 and K562 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The ICo50 values of 9b were 32.34 micromol.L-1 to HepG2 cells, 87.07 micromol.L-1 to MCF-7 cells and 149.10 micromol.L-1 to K562 cells after incubation for 48 h. The results of flow cytometry indicated that after being treated for 48 h with different concentrations of 9b, the ratios of HepG2, MCF-7 cells at the Go/G1 phase and K562 cells at the G0/Gl phase and G2/M phase increased significantly compared with control group, and the apoptotic rate increased with the increase of the concentration of 9b. 9b could significantly reduce tumor weight of H22 solid tumor mouse model in vivo. To summarize, 9b showed significantly anti-tumor activity in vivo and in vitro, of which the mechanism might be associated with the change of cell cycle distribution and induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

Objective To investigate blood gas analysis and lactic acid evaluation in aerobic forearm exercise and the significance of aerobic forearm exercise for the auxiliary diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy and encephalopathy patients.Methods Forty-two patients with mitochondrial myopathy and encephalopathy patients, 40 healthy control, and 40 patients control were studied.They performed a protocol under aerobic exercise conditions, consisting of intermittent forearm exercise for 4 minutes at 40% of intented maximal voluntary contraction force.Blood samples were collected to monitor blood gas and plasma lactate before, during arid after exercise.Results During exercise venous PO_2(mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)decreased in mitochondrial myopathy and encephalopathy patients from 41.2?12.6 to 39.5?16.2, whereas PO_2 fell from 50.5?14.4 to 30.8?13.1 in healthy control and from 50.1?7.9 to 44.3?35.5 in patient control.Venous PO_2 decreased much more in healthy control group than the other 2 groups(F= 6.34,P

[Abstract] Objective To define the age-specific normal reference values of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and related parameters in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men.Methods From April 2007 to November 2011,serum PSAs of over 22 055 men aged more than 40 years old in our medical examination center were statistically analyzed.The men was divided into five groups by a 10-year-old interval.Total PSA (tPSA),free PSA (fPSA) and prostate ultrasound results were recorded.The free-total PSA ratio (f/t),PSA density (PSAD) and PSA velocity (PSAV) were calculated.By convention,the 95th percentile (P95)was used as the upper limit value,and the 5th percentile (P5) as the lower limit value.Results The tPSAs were positively correlated with age (r=0.349,P＜0.001).f/t was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.154,P＜0.01).Although f/t was significantly different (P＜0.001) among each age group,P5 of all groups were 0.18.PSAD was significantly different (P＜0.001) between men over and under 70 years,with P95 as 0.09 and 0.15,respectively.PSAD had a positive correlation with age (r =0.263,P＜0.01).The significant difference of PSAV raised between men over and under 60 years,with P95 as 0.21 and 0.58,respectively.PSAV was positively correlated with age (r=0.130,P＜0.01).Conclusions PSA,PSAD and PSAV are positively correlated with age,while f/t is negatively correlated with age.The normal range of f/tis 0.18-1.00 for Chinese men over 40 years old.PSAD's normal ranges are ＜0.09 and ＜0.15 in Chinese men over and under 70 years,respectively.The normal range of PSAV are ＜0.21 and ＜0.58 for Chinese men over and under 60 years,respectively.