OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effects and potential mechanism of total secondary ginsenosides （TSG） on hypertrophic changes of primary cardiomyocytes stimulated by angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ）. METHODS Primary cardiomyocytes were isolated from the hearts of neonatal SD rats and divided into the following groups： control group， AngⅡ group （2 µmol/L）， TSG group （7.5 µg/mL）， PFK-015 group [6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2， 6-bisphosphatase 3 （PFKFB3） inhibitor， 10 nmol/L]， and TSG+PFK-015 group （TSG 7.5 µg/mL+PFK-015 10 nmol/L）. The surface area， protein synthesis， energy metabolism-related indicators [free fatty acid （FFA）， coenzyme A （CoA）， acetyl coenzyme A （acetyl-CoA）]， and the expressions of glycolysis-related factors [hypoxia-inducible factor 1α （HIF-1α）， glucose transporter protein 4 （GLUT-4）， lactate dehydrogenase A （LDHA）， pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 （PDK1） and PFKFB3] in primary cardiomyocytes of each group were measured. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the surface area of primary cardiomyocytes and protein synthesis were significantly increased， the content of FFA， protein and mRNA expressions of HIF-1α， LDHA， PDK1 and PFKFB3 were significantly increased or up-regulated in the AngⅡ group， while the contents of CoA and acetyl-CoA， the protein and mRNA expressions of GLUT-4 were significantly decreased or down-regulated （P＜0.05）. Compared with the AngⅡ group， both TSG group and PFK-015 group showed significant improvements in these indexes， with the TSG+PFK-015 group generally demonstrating superior effects compared to either treatment alone （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS TSG can reduce the surface area of AngⅡ-induced primary cardiomyocytes， decrease protein synthesis， and inhibit their hypertrophic changes. These effects may be related to improving energy metabolism and the inhibition of glycolysis activity.

Combined with elastic network model (ENM), the perturbation response scanning (PRS) has emerged as a robust technique for pinpointing allosteric interactions within proteins. Here, we proposed the PRS analysis of drug-target networks (DTNs), which could provide a promising avenue in network medicine. We demonstrated the utility of the method by introducing a deep learning and network perturbation-based framework, for drug repurposing of multiple sclerosis (MS). First, the MS comorbidity network was constructed by performing a random walk with restart algorithm based on shared genes between MS and other diseases as seed nodes. Then, based on topological analysis and functional annotation, the neurotransmission module was identified as the "therapeutic module" of MS. Further, perturbation scores of drugs on the module were calculated by constructing the DTN and introducing the PRS analysis, giving a list of repurposable drugs for MS. Mechanism of action analysis both at pathway and structural levels screened dihydroergocristine as a candidate drug of MS by targeting a serotonin receptor of serotonin 2B receptor (HTR2B). Finally, we established a cuprizone-induced chronic mouse model to evaluate the alteration of HTR2B in mouse brain regions and observed that HTR2B was significantly reduced in the cuprizone-induced mouse cortex. These findings proved that the network perturbation modeling is a promising avenue for drug repurposing of MS. As a useful systematic method, our approach can also be used to discover the new molecular mechanism and provide effective candidate drugs for other complex diseases.

Objective To analyze the evaluation value of serum troponin Ⅰ(TnⅠ)combined with soluble CD163(sCD163)in the disease condition and prognosis of the patients with acute cholecystitis.Methods The clinical data of 125 patients with acute cholecystitis admitted and treated in the hospital from October 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively collected.The patients were divided into the mild group(n=33),moderate group(n=51)and severe group(n=41)according to the severity of disease condition.The levels of serum TnⅠ,sCD163,interleukin(IL)-6,C reactive protein(CRP),total bilirubin(TBIL)and alanine aminotrans-ferase(ALT)were detected.The patients were divided into the good prognosis group(n=95)and poor prog-nosis group(n=30)according the occurrence of complications such as abdominal pain,dyspepsia and cholan-gitis within postoperative 3 months.The preoperative indicators were compared between the two groups.The influencing factors of prognosis in the patients were evaluated by the logistic regress analysis.The receiver op-erating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of TnⅠ and sCD163 in evalua-ting the disease condition and prognosis of the patients.Results The levels of TnⅠ,sCD163,IL-6,CRP,TBIL and ALT in the mild group were(0.78±0.23)μg/L,(25.01±3.15)mg/L,(62.52±7.61)pg/mL,(32.47±4.11)mg/L,(35.65±4.61)μmol/L and(79.75±7.23)U/L respectively,which were lower than those in the moderate group and severe group(P＜0.05).The TnⅠ level in the good prognosis group was(0.99±0.37)μg/L,which was lower than(1.82±0.51)μg/L in the poor prognosis group(P＜0.05);the sCD163 level in the good prognosis group was(27.46±3.50)mg/L,which was lower than[(33.12±4.13)mg/L]in the poor prognosis group(P＜0.05).The logistic analysis showed that TnⅠ,SCD163,IL-6,CRP,TBIL and ALT all were the important factors affecting the prognosis in the patients;the ROC curve showed the area under the curve(AUC)of TnⅠ combined with SCD163 for evaluating the disease condition was 0.966(95％CI:0.937-0.995),which for evaluating the prognosis was 0.948(95％CI:0.903-0.993).Conclusion Serum TnⅠ com-bined with sCD163 has a high application value in the assessment of the disease condition and prognosis in the patients with acute cholecystitis.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of modified superomedial pedicle technique using an inverted T-shaped incision for reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of patients who underwent modified superomedial pedicle technique for breast reduction surgery with inverted T-shaped incision between March 2021 and March 2023 at the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Preoperatively, a handheld Doppler ultrasound blood flow detector was used to detect and mark the exit points of the 2nd to 4th perforating vessels of the internal thoracic artery, and a superomedial pedicle containing at least two perforators was designed based on the perforator locations, with a pedicle width generally about 6 cm. Intraoperatively, the pedicle was rotated superolaterally, moving the nipple-areola complex (NAC) upwards to construct a fuller upper pole of the breast and removing excess skin in the lower fold to form a inverted T-shaped incision. Postoperatively, the blood supply of the NAC, breast morphology, and incidence of complications were observed and followed up. Canfield Mirror 7.1.1 software was utilized to measure pre- and post-operative breast morphology data from lateral photographs at 6 months, including total breast area, maximum breast protrusion, upper pole protrusion, lower pole height, and nipple elevation height. The BREAST-Q questionnaire was used to survey patient satisfaction with breast appearance, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and physical health before surgery and 6-12 months after surgery, with each dimension scoring 0-100 points, where higher scores indicate greater satisfaction and health. SPSS 28.0 software was used for data analysis, with normally distributed measurement data expressed as Mean±SD, and paired t-test was applied for comparisons of pre- and post-operative breast morphology data (the first 4 indicators) and BREAST-Q scores, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 56 female patients were included, with an age of (32.0±6.7) years and a body mass index of (29.1±5.7) kg/m 2. Preoperative Doppler ultrasound blood flow detection showed that none of the patients had missing or significantly variant perforators of the superomedial pedicle. The volume of breast tissue removed ranged from 890 to 1 800 ml, averaging 1 250 ml, with an average pedicle width of 5.4 cm (4.0-7.0 cm). The follow-up period was (13.3±2.5) months, during which all patients exhibited good blood supply to the NAC and favorable breast morphology, with universal high satisfaction with surgical outcomes. Postoperatively, one case developed incisional seroma, which resolved naturally within 3 months; two cases experienced minor incision dehiscence, which healed well after dressing changes; all other patients recovered well without any complications such as flap necrosis or hematoma. Comparison of breast morphology data showed significant reductions in postoperative left and right total breast area ( P<0.05 for both), and increases in maximum breast protrusion and lower pole height postoperatively ( P<0.05 for both), while the difference in upper pole protrusion was not statistically significant ( P>0.05 for both); postoperative left and right nipple elevation heights were (6.30±1.84) cm and (6.52±1.66) cm, respectively. Among the 44 patients who completed the BREAST-Q survey both before and after surgery, scores showed significant improvements in postoperative breast satisfaction [(50.30±10.30) points vs. (83.20±6.02) points] ( t=5.17, P=0.008) and psychosocial well-being [(56.20±17.20) points vs. (89.70±2.70) points] ( t=5.09, P=0.010), while sexual well-being and physical health scores did not differ significantly from preoperative scores ( P>0.05 for both). Conclusion:Preoperative identification of perforator locations using a handheld Doppler blood vessel detector, followed by the design of a modified superomedial pedicle technique for reduction mammaplasty with inverted T-shaped incision, can not only ensure NAC blood supply, avoiding ischemic necrosis due to vascular anomalies, but also maximally reduce pedicle width and increase pedicle rotation flexibility, achieving desirable breast shaping effects.

The patient was a 29-year-old male with a history of hemophilia for more than 10 years. After 6 hours of botulinum toxin injection into the masseter muscle, the redness and swelling of the right face gradually worsened, accompanied by local pain, and restricted mouth opening, etc. The hematoma was absorbed and the swelling subsided significantly after the infusion of coagulation factor Ⅸ. Such cases of large-scale hematomas after botulinum toxin injection in hemophiliacs is rarely reported. This article summarized the diagnosis and treatment process of this case and combines with literature review to provide clinical experience for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of similar complications.

Objective:To investigate the application effects of a novel framework: the external septal retention bionic framework in East Asian rhinoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed based on the clinical data of the patients who received treatments in Department of Plastic and Aesthetic ( Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2022 to July 2023 using an external septal retention bionic framework with autologous costal cartilage rhinoplasty. The patients were all treated with a V-shaped incision at the nasal columella, which continued to both sides of the nose to form a bird-shaped incision. During the operation, the sixth or seventh costal cartilage was sculpted to form the nasal columella support grafts (sturt), external nasal septal graft, cap grafts, and shield grafts, in which the nasal column support graft and external nasal septal graft were implanted in a mortise-and-tenon joint structure to form a septum bionic retained external stent in order to lengthen the nasal columellar column and strengthen the septum. A capsular graft was used to shape the tip of the nose and the rectus abdominis fascia was covered to soften the tip of the nose, and the shield grafts were used to fill out the subnasal lobules. A bulb was sculpted, shaped and implanted in the dorsal space to elevate the nasal dorsum. To observe the postoperative results and complications, a postoperative satisfaction survey was completed using the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) with regular follow-up. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative scale scores was performed using paired samples t-test. Nasal stent stability was assessed by measuring the patients’ preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angle and nasal tip protrusion. The comparison of preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angle was performed using the paired-sample t-test, and the comparison of nasal tip protrusion was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test, P<0.05 considered a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 33 patients were enrolled, including 4 males and 29 females, with average age of 23.8 years(15-42 years). The follow-up period is (14.52 ± 4.72) months (3 to 21 months). Thirty-three patients recovered well after surgery, and no short-term complications such as infection or bleeding occurred. The patients' nasal aesthetic problems such as saddle nose, deviated nasal columella, bilateral asymmetry of the nose, bilateral nasal base depression, and rounded shield of the nasal tip were improved after surgery. Satisfaction survey results: ROE and VAS scores were significantly higher than those before surgery, which were [(17.92±2.56) vs.(12.78±3.14)] and [(8.08±1.66)vs(5.15±1.99)], ( P<0.05), 87.9% (27/33)of the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional outcomes of the nose. Comparisons of nasolabial angle [(87.28±2.58)° vs. (97.64±1.95)°] and tip protrusion [1.88 (1.78, 1.95) cm vs. 2.16(2.01, 2.32) cm] measurements between preoperative and postoperative period of the 33 patients, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Rhinoplasty for East Asians employs an external septal retention bionic framework to retain the nasal septum. This technique can avoid septal cartilage resorption caused by compression of grafts transplanted in the future, and cause less damage to the anatomy and physiology of the nose. The framework is relatively easy to construct, with a stable and strong stent, and good patient satisfaction. It can achieve a more desirable aesthetic effect of the nose.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in cases of febrile respiratory syndrome in China from 2010 to 2020.Methods:Based on the sub-project of the National Science and Technology Major Project for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control "Infectious Disease Monitoring Technology Platform", active monitoring of febrile respiratory syndrome cases was conducted in sentinel hospitals in 31 provinces across China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau, and Chinese Taiwan) from January 2010 to December 2020, resulting in the inclusion of 191 441 cases. Clinical specimens of monitored cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid, and the differences in HRSV detection rates among different age groups, regions, and time periods were analyzed using the χ 2 test/Fisher exact probability method. Results:Among the 191 441 cases of febrile respiratory syndrome in China from 2010 to 2020, the age group M ( Q1, Q3) was 9 (2, 40) years old, with 83 773 cases (43.8%) in the <5 years old group. There were 113 660 males, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5∶1.0. There were as many as 105 508 cases (55.2%) of scattered children and preschool children. About 70 565 cases (36.9%) lived in the northern region. There were 13 858 HRSV positive cases, with a total positive rate of 7.2%. The positive rate of HRSV detection in the northern population was 5.7% (4 004/70 565), which was lower than that in the southern population (8.2%, 9 854/120 876), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=407.4, P<0.001). HRSV was detected in all age groups, with the highest positive rate of 23.9% in the <6 months age group. The month with the highest positive rate was December, and autumn and winter were the main epidemic seasons. Both northern and southern HRSV subtypes were mainly infected with type A, with a low proportion of mixed infections of type A and type B. Conclusion:HRSV is a common pathogen causing respiratory infections in children from 2010 to 2020. It can be detected throughout the year and shows the main peak of prevalence in autumn and winter. The HRSV strain is mainly classified as a type A infection.

Objective:To investigate the impact of age,various hormonal levels,and biochemical markers on penile cavernous body vascular function in patients with erectile dysfunction(ED).Me-thods:A retrospective analysis of clinical data from male patients with ED who underwent color duplex Doppler ultrasonography(CDDU)and intracavernosal injection test(ICI)at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2020 to August 2023.Data were managed and processed using SPSS 29.0,and a multivariable Logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results:A total of 700 ED patients were included,with 380 showing negative ICI results and 320 positive.In the study,84 patients had a peak systolic velocity(PSV)＜25 cm/s,while 616 had PSV ≥ 25 cm/s;202 patients had end-diastolic velocity(EDV)＞5 cm/s,and 498 had EDV ≤5 cm/s.264 patients had ab-normal PSV and/or EDV results,and 436 had normal results for both.Patients with vascular ED had sig-nificantly lower estrogen levels(t=-3.546,P＜0.001),lower testosterone levels(t=-2.089,P=0.037),and a higher rate of hyperglycemia(x2=12.772,P=0.002)compared with those with non-vascular ED.The patients with arterial ED were older(t=3.953,P＜0.001),had a higher rate of hyperglycemia(x2=9.518,P=0.009),and a higher estrogen/testosterone ratio(t=2.330,P=0.020)compared with those with non-arterial ED.The patients with mixed arteriovenous ED had higher age(t=3.567,P＜0.001),lower testosterone levels(t=-2.288,P=0.022),a higher rate of hyperglycemia(x2=12.877,P=0.002),and a larger estrogen/testosterone ratio(t=2.096,P=0.037)compared with those with normal findings.Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of estrogen were a protective factor for vascular ED(OR=1.009,95％CI:1.004-1.014),and glucose 7.0 mmol/L was a risk factor(OR=0.381,95％CI:0.219-0.661).Older age was a risk factor for arte-rial ED(OR=0.960,95％CI:0.938-0.982).Additionally,older age(OR=0.976,95％CI:0.958-0.993)and glucose levels of 5.6-6.9 mmol/L(OR=0.591,95％CI:0.399-0.876)were also risk fac-tors for mixed arterio-venous ED.Conclusion:Hyperglycemia and aging may impair penile cavernous body vascular function,while higher levels of estrogen may have a protective effect on it.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and genotype trends of rotavirus infection among the population with diarrhea in China, from 2009 to 2020 and provide evidence for strategic surveillance and prevention.Methods:Surveillance data on diarrhea syndrome from 252 sentinel hospitals across 28 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) were obtained from the information management system of the Infectious Disease Surveillance Technology Platform of the National Science and Technology Major Project. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the distribution of rotavirus diarrhea cases in different climatic zones, populations, and times from 2009 to 2020, as well as the genotyping characteristics and changing trends of group A rotavirus diarrhea cases.Results:From 2009 to 2020, a total of 114 606 diarrhea cases were tested for rotavirus, and the positive rate was 19.1% (21 872/114 606); group A rotavirus was dominant (98.2%, 21 471/21 872). The positive rate of rotavirus was the highest in 2009 (36.9%, 2 436/6 604) and 2010 (30.6%, 5 130/16 790), fluctuated between 14.0% to 18.0% from 2011 to 2017, raised slightly in 2018 (20.3%, 2 211/10 900), and declined continuously in the following two years (15.5%, 2 262/14 611 and 9.5%, 470/4 963). The positive rate of males (20.2%, 13 660/67 471) was significantly higher than that of females (17.4%, 8 212/47 135). Children under five had the highest positive rate (28.4%, 18 261/64 300), more than four times that of adults. The positive rate peaked from December to February in the mediate temperate zone, warm temperate zone, and subtropical zone, while there were two peaks from November to January and May to June in the frigid zone of the plateau. The dominant genotype of group A rotavirus gradually changed from G3P[8] and G1P[8] to G9P[8] during 2009-2020.Conclusions:The overall rotavirus infection rate in China was on a downward trend. Meanwhile, significant variations of positive rates were observed in seasonal epidemics and different age groups from 2009 to 2020. Rotavirus diarrhea in children was still a prominent concern. Vaccination of rotavirus vaccine should be promoted, and the epidemiological characteristics and genotypes of rotavirus diarrhea should be continuously monitored.

Objective:To establish an indicator system for surveillance of data sources to provide a theoretical basis for respiratory infectious disease surveillance and early warning.Methods:Indicators for data sources in the surveillance of acute respiratory infectious diseases were initially compiled through a literature search. Subsequently, two rounds of expert consultations were conducted with 22 experts using the Delphi method to refine the indicators.Results:The questionnaire recovery rates for the two rounds of expert consultation were 100.00% and 86.36%, respectively. The authority coefficient of the experts was 0.83. The coordination coefficient of the second round of Delphi expert consultation was 0.32, and the coefficient of variation of each indicator was less than 0.25. Finally, the indicators system of data source for the surveillance of acute respiratory infectious diseases includes 4 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators, and 26 third-level indicators.Conclusion:The indicator system of data sources for the surveillance of acute respiratory infectious diseases constructed in this study is reasonable and reliable, providing a valuable reference for surveillance, early warning and policy formulation of acute respiratory infectious diseases.