As a method of financial management and control,the implementation of cost accounting has a significant influence on management of sicentific research projects.The model patterns of cost accounting in the United Kingdom,the United States and European Union,respectively can be served as practical frameworks to guide Chinese scientific research project funds in terms of accounting forms,methods and contents.Based on the understanding of current domestic development and problrms of cost accounting experiences learned from internation practices are signifcant for improving cost accounting system in scientific research projects of China.

Objective To explore the smoking behavior and its influencing factors of young male smokers with stroke,and set basis for further smoking cessation intervention.Methods 209 male smokers(≤45 years old) with stroke were randomly chosen,the information of demographic factors and smoking behaviors from medical files was got.Results Older people were more likely to be heavy smokers,the biggest percent (45.2％) of heavy smokers came from more than 40 years old people.Smoking consumption per day was affected by age,education and occupation,significant differences were found.Conclusions More than 40 years old patients in young male smokers with stroke should be focused in the intervention of smoking cessation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of staged nursing intervention on smoking behavior in young male adult patients with first attack of stroke.Methods 89 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (46 cases) and the control group (43 cases).In the intervention group,the patients were given staged nursing intervention based on their psychological stages in hospital and 11-week followup.The outcome of smoking cessation was evaluated three months after discharge.Results The rate of smoking cessation in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group.Smoking abstinence for the intervention group was more than the control group.FTND (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) scores were significantly different between two groups.Conclusions The staged nursing intervention is feasible for young male adults with stroke.We should increase secondary prevention consciousness and strengthen the implementation of relevant countermeasures.

The authors first of all make it clear that the establishment of regional medical centers in rural areas was based on the role displayed by the People's Hospital of Jinxiang County in meeting the needs of rural residents for medical services, the great importance attached to rural residents by the central government and the local governments at various levels, and the changes in the needs of rural residents for medical services. Then they argue in greater detail that the establishment of regional medical centers in rural areas is beneficial to more efficiently allocating the limited resources in rural areas, thus reducing the economic burden of and benefiting rural residents; it is also beneficial to more efficiently using the health resources technically and to enhancing the awareness of administration, quality and service delivery within the hospital.

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on facial paralysis.Methods80 patients with facial paralysis were divided into observation group receiving comprehensive rehabilitation(medicine, physical therapy, functional exercise and psychological treatment), and control group with medicine and physical therapy.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the scores for Portmann's Simple Scale between before and after treatment in two groups (P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the clinical effect between observation group and control group (P<0.05).ConclusionComprehensive rehabilitation has a better effect on facial paralysis.

To explore an effective method with few operative complications for treating circumferential mixed hemorrhoids (CMH).Sixty three cases of CMH (Group A) were treated with limited external incision and internal ligation combined with restoration of intervenient skin and 34 cases (Group B) were treated with traditional external incision and internal ligation as control. Anal canal diameter (ACD), anal canal quiescent pressure (ACQP) and anal canal systolic pressure (ACSP) were determined before and after operation. Short term and long term therapeutic effects were also observed and compared in the two groups.Short term and long term therapeutic effects in Group A were better than those in Group B (P

Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Thrombosis ; etiology

Burnout, Professional ; Humans

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations and electroencephalogram (EEG)characteristics of agyria-pachygyria for its early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis judgment in clinical practice.Methods The clinical manifestations and EEG features of twenty-four patients with agyria-pachygyria who were diagnosed by CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) at Pediatric Neurology of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2004 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of twenty-four patients,eighteen cases were diagnosed as diffuse agyria-pachygyria and six cases were diagnosed as partial agyria-pachygyria.The clinical features were mainly manifested as mental retardation (twenty-four patients),and motor retardation (twenty-four patients),and epilepsy (eighteen patients).All of the twenty-four patients had abnormal EEG pattern which were mainly three tapes.Type Ⅰ had diffused high amplitude alpha and beta activity in all cortical regions,frontal-central,or parietal-occipital region (fourteen patients).Type Ⅱ showed alternating high amplitude bursts with sharp and slow waves (seven patients).Type Ⅲ was characterized by high amplitude spike or sharp wave activity generalized or multifocal distribution and δ,θ wave mixing graphics (twelve patients).Nine of twenty-four patients showed two or three EEG characteristic patterns in an awake-asleep EEG recording.During the follow-up of 1-8 years old,twelve of the thirteen patients who were diagnosed as epilepsy in diffuse agyria-pachygyria had refractory epilepsy,mainly with infantile spasms or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.One of the five patients who was diagnosed as epilepsy in focal agyria-pachygyria had refractory epilepsy,mainly for partial epilepsy secondary generalized seizures.There was a significant difference between them (P =0.008).Eighteen of twenty patients who had moderate-severe mental retardation or dyskinesia were diagnosed as diffuse a gyria-pachygyria,while two were focal agyria-pachygyria.Both of them had a significant difference (P =0.005).Conclusions Agyria-pachygyria is a brain malformation caused by neuronal migration abnormality.Diffuse agyria-pachygyria is presented with serious clinical manifestations and poor outcome while the clinical manifestation of focal agyria-pachygyria is relatively mild and epilepsy could be controlled by antiepileptic drugs or epilepsy surgery.These characteristics of EEG patterns along with clinical findings could provide important evidence for early diagnosis,timely treatment and prognosis judgment of agyria-pachygyria.

OBJECTIVE To investigate antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of serotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Wuhan.METHODS Totally 152 strains of S.pneumoniae were collected to test the MICs of various antibiotics by agar dilution method according to the approved standard of NCCLS.Serotyping of S.pneumoniae was performed by using quelling reaction.RESULTS Among 152 strains of S.pneumoniae,65(42.76%) strains were resistant to penicillin(MIC≥0.12mg/L).94.08%,50.66%,41.45% and 11.18% of S.pneumoniae were resistant against the first(cefalexin),second(cefaclor) and third(cefaxime and ceftriaxone) generation of cephalosporins respectively.The resistance rates to other antibiotic agents,such as erythromycin,tetracycline,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol,were 84.21%,88.82%,89.47% and 18.42%,respectively.Strains that were resistant to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were found both for 1.32%.Twenty serotypes were involved in 152 strains. The prevalent serotypes were 19(25.66%),23(19.08%),6(13.82%),15(7.24%)and 14(4.61%).Eight strains were remained for unable to serotype.All penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was included in serotypes 6,19 and 23.CONCLUSIONS The antibiotic resistance of S.pneumoniae is serious in Wuhan.Most of them are multi-resistant strains.Except for fluoroquinolones,ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol, most antibiotic agents have lost there activities against S.pneumoniae.The prevalent serotypes,especially of the multi-resistant strains,were 19,23 and 6.Pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine can well cover these serotypes.