OBJECTIVE：The relative content of trichosanthin (TCS) of the calli induced from the leaves of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. was measured and a comparison between the calli and the root was made. METHODS：TCS was obtained by the fractional precipitate with acetone from the homogenate of the root or the calli. To examine and measure TCS, several methods, such as immuno-precipitation reaction, SDS-PAGE and electrophoregram scanning, were usde. RESULTS：The results of immuno-precipitation reaction and SDS-PAGE showde that TCS existed in the calli and in the root of T.kirilowii Maxim.. It was found that TCS was the richest component in the acetone precipitated crude extract of the calli with a relative content of 44.22% TCS in the extract, though the absolute content of TCS in the calli was less than that in the root. CONCLUSION:Extracting TCS from the calli derived from leaves has not been reported previously. The absolute content of TCS in the root is 2.66 times more than that in the calli.

The level of HLA-antibody and sensitization can be predicated by the determination of panel reactive antibody(PRA)which is of great significance in preventing hyperaeute and accelcrated rejection.The sensitivity of PRA is markedly higher than CDC.The level of PRA(positive rate above 50%)is closely relevant,to the degree of rejection and the decrease of graft survival.Although plasma exchange(PE)can be used to decrease the level of PRA before transplantation to prevent hyperacute and accelerated rejection,good HLA-matching is more important in securing a successful graft patient.Control study between random panel lymphocytotoxicity test(RPLT)and PRA showed that RPLT is a simpler and more dependent and more easily practised method to predict the sensitivity of recipients of renal transplantation.

Objective To describe the elderly care needs of older residents living in residential care facilities in Nanchang.Methods Three residential care facilities were purposefully selected and 19 residents were interviewed.The datum were tape-recorded,transcribed in full and then analyzed to identify the main patterns of responses.Results The elderly care needs of older residents in residential care facilities were generated four themes including the body,environment,mind,preparation for death.Conclusions China should establish endowment institutions endowment service needs assessment index system,improve the system of pension agency grading nursing.Enhance communication between pension institutions and medical institutions,to meet the demand for skilled nursing skills in the old man.Carrot and stick,reasonable allocation of resources,physical and social environment of hoisting mechanism,to meet the old man's psychological demand and the demand for environment.Enhancement of the humanistic care of dying old man,to meet the needs of stay in the old man to the hospice.

The actual condition of executing technical security of medical equipment in 5.12 Wenchuan serious earth-quake disaster was summarized, and the occurring problem of emergency technical security of medical equipment are ana-lyzed so as to provide useful reference and countermeasure of affairs.

Objective To assess the correlation between the pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A)level with gesta‐tional diabetes mellitus(GDM )in primiparous women .Methods The nonparametric test and Logistic regression analysis were used to retrospectively analyze 168 pregnant women of GDM and 273 normal pregnant women ,including age ,body weight ,PAPP‐A ,freeβ‐human chorionic gonadotropin(fβ‐hCG) .Results The age had significant difference between GDM group and control group(P<0 .01) ,the PAPP‐A concentration and corrected multiple of the median (MoM )of PAPP‐A in the GDM group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0 .01) .Conclusion Low level of PAPP‐A during early pregnant stage in primiparas is strongly associated with GDM and can be used as the risk factor of GDM .

Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and cholecystokinin (CCK) on the regulation of the motility of sphincter of Oddi (SO).Methods The basal pressure,action rate and contraction range of the SO were examined before and after the injection of CCK,sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NG-nitroL-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME).The expression of neurons with positive expression of NO synthase was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The measurement data were analyzed by using the t test.Results The basal pressure,contraction rate and contraction range of the SO were (27 + 10)mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),( 10 ± 3 ) times/minute and (32 + 8 ) mm Hg before injection of CCK,and (61 + 14) mm Hg,(64 +21 ) times/minute,(44 ± 15 ) mm Hg after injection of CCK of 20 ng/kg.After injection of CCK of 100 ng/kg,the basal pressure,contraction range and contraction rate of the SO were (77 ± 31 )mm Hg,(69 ± 18 ) times/minutes,(79 + 14) mm Hg when the inhibition effect of CCK reached peak,and were ( 140 ± 21 ) mm Hg,( 129 ± 25 )times/minutes,( 173 ± 63 ) mm Hg when the excitatory effect of CCK reached peak.After injection of SNP into the common bile duct,the basal pressure,contraction range and contraction rate of the SO decreased significantly ( t =3.706,5.183,P ＜ 0.05),while the 3 indexes increased significantly after injection of SNP (t =5.859,3.588,P ＜O.05).Conclusion Different from physiological dose (20 ng/kg) of CCK,large dose of CCK enhances motility of SO intensively.NO relaxes SO,which may play an important role in the inhibitor pathway of CCK.

Objective: To study the reasons and prevention of residual stones after choledo- choscopic treatment of cholelithiasis. Methods:The clinical data of 219 patients who had under- gone choledochoscopic treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 21 cases were found with residual stones in the bile duct after the operations. Residual stone rate was to 9.58% . Bile duct stones of 8 patients could not be removed completely during operations. 13 patients were proved that stones still remain in their bile ducts by T-tube cholangiography and choledochoscope after opera- tions. There were 5 patients with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis accompanying septic shock, 5 patients with stenosis in intrahepatic bile ducts, 4 patients with stones of in trahepatic bile duct and variation of bile duct, 2 patients with stones in sphincter of duodenal papilla,2 patients withstones and stenosis at the inferior segment of choledochus,3 patients were founded residual stones in bile duct obviously after the operations. Conclusions: B-type ultrasonic scanning and T-tube cholangiog- raphy are useful to reduce the rate of residual stones.

With the development of modem clinical medical engineering,especially some large medical equipment,medical engineering section needs more talents in management and maintenance profession.Aiming at problems in the section construction,some viewpoints and suggestions are put forward.It is expected that the leadership could attach importance to medical engineering section,make good use of the talents and lay solid foundation for the development of hospitals.

Objective To explore the effects of restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS) on the firing activities of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) of rats.Methods Multi-channel in vivo recording techniques were used to record firing activities of pyramidal neurons before and during 4-h RWIS in rats.Firing rates,inter-spike intervals and burst firing rates were taken as indices to study the influence of RWIS on neuronal firing activities.Results Twenty-five pyramidal neurons of 12 rats were recorded.The opposite patterns of firing activities were observed in two different classes of neurons,type A and type B neurons which account for 72％ and 28％,respectively.In type A neurons,inhibited firing activities were in direct proportion to the stress-exposure.Mean firing rates and mean burst firing rates were significantly reduced to (0.81 ± 0.11) Hz and (1.012 ± 0.50) counts/min after 4h constant RWIS compared with those before RWIS,(3.57 ± 0.63) Hz and (10.29 ± 3.04) counts/min.However,in type B neurons,firing activities were enhanced.After 2h constant RWIS,mean firing rates and mean burst firing rates were increased from (1.77±0.45) Hz and (2.01±0.73) counts/min to (2.67±0.74)Hz and (9.04±2.42) counts/min,respectively.Moreover,the percentage of spikes in bursts was significantly increased and mean inter-spike intervals were remarkably shortened.Interestingly,the effect of RWIS on type B neurons lasted for shorter time compared with its effect on type A neurons.Conclusion RWIS differentially affects the firing activity of pyramidal neuron in the MPFC,i.e.,inhibiting the firing activity of type A neurons,but enhancing the firing activity of type B neurons.

Objective To determine the diagnostic value and necessity of excretory phase of CT urogrphy (CTU). Methods One hundred and one cases with 197 sides of cohort CTU studies were enrolled from PACS system retrospectively, and 44 cases had the records of radiation dosage. Three different seniority senior radiologists reviewed the images and diagnosed 2 times blindly with the clinical information. At the first time, plane scan, contrast enhanced renal cortical phase and renal parenchymal phase images (Diag. A) were reviewed. At the second time, with 3 kinds of images mentioned above plus excretive phase images (Diag. B) were reviewed, with interval of 3 months between the two reviews. With Diag. B as reference standard, accordance rate of diagnoses of Diag. A was calculated. The difference of the 3 rediologists's accordance rates were analyzed with Chi-square test, and the lesions with accordance rate ≤80% were recorded. The cases of 197 urinary tracts were divided into 4 groups: lesions of renal pelvic and ureter, lesions of bladder, lesions of kidney and extra-urinary tract, without lesion. The filling of contrast media in the urinary tract was recorded with 5-scale scoring system. The differences of the urinary tract filling among the 4 groups were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. The effective radiation dosages of CTU with and without excretory phase scan were recorded and calculated, and the difference was analyzed with t test. Result The diagnostic accordance rate of CTU with and without excretory phase of the 3 radiologists was 95.4%(188/197), 93.9%(185/197), 92.4%(182/197)respectively(χ2=1.60, P>0.05). Lesions with diagnostic rate≤80%were parapelvic cyst and caliceal diverticulum. The median score of urinary tracts filling in the lesions of renal pelvic and ureter, lesions of bladder, lesions of kidney and extra-urinary tract, without lesion group were 2, 3, 3, 4, and the differences were significant (HC=31.7, P<0.05). The effective radiation dosages of CTU with and without excretory phase scan were (32.36±11.04)mSv and (41.47±14.27) mSv respectively (t=3.35, P<0.01). Conclusions No significant effect of excretive phase imaging is found on the diagnosis of most urinary system diseases. Poor contrast filling and high rate of failure of filling of the urinary tract with intra luminal pathologies, and increase of the radiation dosage make the excretory phase scan in CTU less useful and it should be used carefully and selectively.