Type 2 diabetic patients are usually accompanied by dyslipidemia.The cardiovascular residual risk is still high in these patients,even with glycemia,blood pressure,and plasma lipids well controlled.In this review,the relationship of plasma lipids and changes in lipoprotein particles with cardiovascular risk is discussed.

PTEN gene is considered to be the first discovered tumor suppressor gene with dual specificity phosphatase activity.The research has shown that the increasing popularity of PTEN rests on its important roles in cancer cell growth,differentiation,signaling transduction and cell apoptosis.Besides,the mutation of PTEN is related to cancer initiation and progression.The recent advances on PTEN gene in malignant tumors will be reviewed in this paper.

Objective:To study the variation of X chromosome centromeric Alpha Satellite DNA in Klinefelter's syndrome patients,their parents and normal individuals and to discuss the mechanism of Klinefelter's syndrome X chromosome nondisjunction.Methods:The multi-copies of a 2Kb tandem repeat unit on X chromosome of centromeric Alpha Satellite DNA were simultaneously amplified with reasonable primers by (representative sampling of multiple repetitive units,rep)PCR,and the mechanism of X chromosome aneuploidy resulted by abnormal structure of centromere was investigated.Results:1774bp,570bp and 1410bp,583bp,220 bp (three short fragments are resulted by deletion in alpha satellite DNA) were detected in Klinefelter's syndrome patients,their parents and normal karyotype controls.There were 1774bp and 1410bp DNA fragments in all of samples.The relative frequencies of 570bp and 583 bp were significantly higher in Klinefelter's syndrome patients than in normal karyotype controls,the 220bp was not found significantly different in the three groups.Conclusion:Deletion in the region of Alpha Satellite DNA is present at centromeres of all human X chromosome,while Klinefelter's syndrome patients and their parents show higher frequency than normal individuals.These results imply that analysis of deletion on X-specific ?satellite of the parents during the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy plays a important role either in estimating the risk of repruducing Klinefelter's syndrome or in providing the guideline for prenatal chromosome diagnosis of villus and amniotic fluid.

Objective To explore relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance and lipid levels in pa-tients with lacunar infarction (LI) .Methods 68 patients with LI were retrospectively analyzed ,62 cases patients without heart ce-rebrovascular disease in the same period were choosen as control group ,the multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between MRI performance ,the changed level of lipid .Results A total of 299 lacunar lesions were detected by MRI ,in which there were 58(19 .40% )in the left cerebral hemisphere ,26(8 .70% ) in the right hemisphere ,73(24 .41% ) in the bilateral basal ganglia ,27 (9 .03% ) in thalamus ,54 (18 .06% ) in the lateral ventricles corona radiata ,39 (13 .04% ) in brainstem ,and 22 (7 .36% ) in cerebellum .TC ,TG ,LDL-C and Ox-LDL levels in LI patients were significantly higher than the controls (P<0 .05) , while HDL-C levels were significantly lower than the controls (P<0 .05) .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that relative risk of TC ,TG ,LDL-C ,HDL-C and Ox-LDL to LI were 1 .56 ,1 .27 ,1 .39 ,1 .46 and 1 .44 .Conclusion The MRI manifestations and lipid levels of LI have a certain degree of correlation ,and elevated blood lipid levels may be important risk factors for LI .

The roots ofApium graveolens L. have been widely used in Uighur Medicine. Research has shown that roots ofApium graveolens L. has good clinical efficacy in the aspects of liver protection and lipid decreasing, hyperlipidemia treatment and so on. This article reviewed research on the chemical components, extraction process, and pharmacological action of roots ofApium graveolens L. so far, with purposes to better develop and utilize roots of Apium graveolens L., and provide references for follow-up study.

Objective To explore the effect of bcl 2 in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) apoptosis induced by nitric oxide(NO),we investigated the effect of NO on Bcl 2 protein expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs),and effect of Bcl 2 over expression on apoptosis is(VSMCs) induced by NO. Methods Cultured rat VSMCs at passage 5 to 8 were used for experiments,S nitroso N acetypenicillamine(SNAP) was used as NO donor.Cells were preincubated for 24-48 hours in special culture dish with conditioned medium to reach quiescent,and then incubated in conditioned medium containing 0 5 mmol/L SNAP.After 8 to 10 hours,the cells were fixed and Bcl 2 expression was analyzed by ACAS 570 through fluorescent immunochemistry.Vascular smooth muscle cells were transfected with bcl 2 gene through retrovirus to allow overexpression of Bcl 2 in VSMCs.Finally,we observed the apoptosis in normal VSMCs and VSMCs infected with bcl 2. Results SNAP downregulated Bcl 2 expression in VSMCs.PCR and Southern hybridization confirmed the integration of the bcl 2 retrovirus vector into vascular smooth muscle cells genomic DNA.And fluorescence immunohistochemistry confirmed that Bcl 2 protein was overexpressed in VSMCs infected with bcl 2.And ratio of apoptosis become lower in VSMCs infected with bcl 2. Conclusion bcl 2 can inhibit apoptosis of VSMCs induced by SNAP.It is suggested that downregulation of Bcl 2 protein is one of the ways in which SNAP induces VSMCs apoptosis,and apoptosis in VSMCs induced by SNAP is regulated by bcl 2.;

Objective: A reversed phase HPLC method was described for determination of prim O glucosylcimifugin and 4′ O ? D glucosyl 5 O methylvisamminol in Ganmaoqingre Granules. Methods:The sample was separated on ODS column with mobile phase of methanol 40 mmol?L -1 sodium acetate pH 6.9 (35∶65) for prim O glucosylcimifugin and H 2O methanol THF(62∶38∶1) for 4′ O ? glucosyl 5 O methylvisamminol. The flow rate was 0.8 mL?min -1 , and the detection was set at 254 nm. Results: The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.72 ?g?mL -1 ～6.5?g?mL -1 for prim O glucosylcimifugin and 0.92?g?mL -1 ～16.5?g?mL -1 for 4′ O ? D glucosyl 5 O methylvisamminol( r =0.9999). The average recovery was 100.3% and 94.7%. The content of prim O glucosylcimifugin and 4′ O ? D glucosyl 5 O methylvisamminol in Ganmaoqingre Granules was 0.133 mg?g -1 and 0.167 mg?g -1 , respectively. Conclusion: The method is fast and specific for both constitutents of Ganmaoqingre Granules.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate short term quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis by using Chinese version of the sinonasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22) and to formulate an ideal therapy system for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. METHOD: Using prospective randomized controlled design,we chose the SNOT-22 to evaluate and compare 78 CRS patients' quality of life (QOL) before surgery, at 1-month,3-month, 6-month and 9-month after functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS). At the same time, we randomly chose 100 healthy controls to compare their QOL with those of CRS patients after FESS. RESULT: We found that except for 5 items (cough, ear expanding, otalgia, facail pain and weary ), the grade of 17 other items of CRS patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in 7 items (olfactory sensation, hypogeusis, backflow of nasal discharge, difficult to fall asleep, bad sleep, bad work efficiency, depression, embarrassment ) at 3 months after FESS between chronic rhinosinusitis patients and healthy controls (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in 9 items (blow noses, sneeze, rhinorrhea, nasal discharge thickness, dizziness, night wake, tired of wake, attention deficit, sense of loss) at 6 months after FESS between chronic rhinosinusitis patients and healthy controls (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in nasal obstruction at 6 months after FESS between chronic rhinosinusitis patients and healthy controls (P>0.05), at this time the totle grade was normal (P>0. 05). The recovery period of QOL in patients was about 9 months (P>0. 05). The 5 great items were nasal obstruction, olfactory sensation, hypogeusis, nasal discharge, nasal discharge thickness and blow noses. There was no difference in items except for bad sleep replacing nasal discharge thickness between 1-month and 9-month after surgery. CONCLUSION The Chinese vesion of SNOT-22 could evaluate QOL of CRS patients in this area. The recovery of QOL of CRS patients needs about 6 months after FESS, but problems of olfactory sensation, hypogeusis, nasal discharge and difficult to sleeep still needs to be resolved.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis ; complications ; surgery ; Sinusitis ; complications ; surgery ; Smell ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the factors related to anxiety in families of patients in cardiac care unit(CCU).Methods The family members of 50 CCU patients had been given questionnaires to evaluate their anxiety and correlative factors.Results The factors related to anxiety of families of CCU patients were the environment of emergency department,the disease knowledge and so on.Conclusion Reducing the anxious level of patients' families by proper nursing interventions can be helpful to family members' physical and mental health.

Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME on two tone fear extinction design in rats.Methods In AAA design,the rats received fear conditioning,extinction training and extinction test in the same context.In AAB design,the rats received fear conditioning and extinction training in context A,extinction test in context B.In each task,40 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 per group),and L-NAME(10,20 and 40 mg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) 30 min prior to extinction training.Percent freezing was used as an index for fear memory during extinction test phases.Further experiments were used to test state-dependency effects or nonspecific changes of locomotor activity that followed L-NAME injection.Results In AAA design,percent freezing was (27.42 ± 6.52) ％ in saline group,and (30.83 ±7.15) ％,(32.49 ± 8.55) ％,(38.94 ± 11.48) ％ in 10,20,40 mg/kg L-NAME group respectively.There was no significant difference in the level of percent freezing among the four groups (P＞0.05).In AAB design,percent freezing was (30.32 ± 6.15) ％ in saline group,and (32.83 ± 6.64) ％,(39.49 ± 8.74) ％,(49.94 ± 10.83) ％in 10,20,40 mg/kg L-NAME group respectively.Compared with saline,only rats with L-NAME 40 mg/kg showed more levels of freezing (P ＜0.01).In state-dependency effects test,compared with Sal-Sal group ((26.73 ±5.62) ％) which received both saline injections 30 min before extinction training and extinction test,respectively,both NAME-Sal group((48.44 ± 10.46) ％) and NAME-NAME group((61.25 ± 13.24) ％) showed more levels of freezing (P＜0.01,respectively).Conclusion These results show that L-NAME produces a task-dependent impairment of fear extinction,and implies that nitric oxide signaling is involved in memory process of certain extinction tasks.