Cardiopulmonary arrest is one of the most critical situations,posing a serious threat to life.With the development of medical technology, the rate of return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest has been improved.However, many children suffer from multiple organ dysfunction because of the long hypoxia time from cardioplumonary arrest, so the rate of long-term survival is relatively low and the long-term outcome is still not satisfactory.Therefore, how to make cardiopulmonary resuscitation more effective is the focus of current research.This article reviews the related factors that affect the outcome of resuscitation, providing references for the treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest in children.

Background One of the important machanisms of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is to regulate the expression of connexin (Cx) gene.ATRA inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of retinoblastoma (RB) cells,which is related to Cx43.However,the control site of ATRA and its effect on RB tumor in vivo have not been identified.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of ATRA on Cx43 expression in RB cells and its approach mechanisms.Methods ATRA solution of 1 × 10 2 mol/L was prepared with ethanol and formulated into 1×10 5,1×10-6and 1 × 10 7 mol/L of solution with culture medium further.Human RB cell line (HXO-RB44) was cultured and treated with different concentrations of ATRA for 2,4 and 6 days,respectively.The expressions of Cx43 protein and mRNA in RB cells were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR),respectively.RB models were established by injecting HXO-RB44 cell suspension into anterior chamber in the right eyes of 15 athymic mice.Eleven successful models were divided into the blank control group,negative control group and 1 × 10-5 mol/L ATRA group,and 0.5％ normal saline solution with athymic or 1 ×10-5 mol/L ATRA solution was injected into the anterior chamber in the negative control group and 1 × 10-5 mol/L ATRA group in the 3-day interval for 3 weeks.The model eyes were examined under the slit lamp microscope.The eyeballs were extracted at the end of the experiment for hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results Western blot assay showed that the absorbance values of Cx43 protein (ACx43/AGAPDH) were increased gradually as time lapse of ATRA treatment among the groups (Ftime =71.31,P =0.00; Fgroup =7.66,P =0.00).The expressions of Cx43 protein were significantly higher in the 1 × 10 5 mol/L ATRA group after 2 days,1 × 10-6 mol/L ATRA group after 4 days,1 × 10-7 mol/L ATRA group after 6 days than those in the blank control group at various time points (t =3.34,P＜0.01 ;t =2.33,P＜0.05;t =3.12,P＜ 0.01).RT-PCR showed that the absorbance values of Cx43 mRNA (ACx43mRXA/Aβ-actin) were significantly enhanced as the prolong of treatment time of ATRT among the groups (Ftime =90.90,P =0.00 ; Fgroup =6.86,P =0.00).The expressions of Cx43 mRNA were significantly higher in the 1 × 10-5 mol/L ATRA group after 2 days,1 × 10 6 mol/L ATRA group and 1 ×10-7 mol/L ATRA group after 4 days than those in the blank control group at various time points (t=3.57,P＜0.01 ;t=6.31,P＜0.01 ;t=2.22,P＜0.05).RB models were successfully created in 11 eyes on the 6-9 days following the intrachamber injection of RB cell suspension.The RB cells were filled with chamber in the blank control group 20 days after injection,and RB only occupied half of the anterior chamber in the 1 × 10-5 mol/L ATRA group.Histopathological examination exhibited that the RB cells were seen in the anterior and posterior chamber as well as vitreous in the blank control group,however,the cells were only found in the anterior chamber in the 1 × 10 5 mol/L ATRA group.Conclusions ATRA can inhibit the growth of RB in vitro and in vivo by inducing the expression of Cx43 gene in transcription process.

Objective To examine the academic emotions and its relationship with academic self-efficacy among secondary special school students. Methods 352 secondary special school students were collected as the subjects.All subjects were tested with academic emotions questionnaire and academic self-efficacy questionnaire and analyzed the result of the test by multivariate analysis of variance,correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. Results Scores on enjoyment,anxiety,anger,depression,total scores on positive-high arousal academic emotions and negative-high arousal academic emotions of secondary special school girls(27.88±3.84,24.77±5.03,18.03±3.37,18.14±3.65,59.33±7.98,57.48±10.49,respectively)were higher than those of boys(26.41±4.55,22.38±5.71,17.01±3.91,16.07±3.94,57.46±9.20,53.45±11.76,respectively),(P<0.05).The academic emotions' differences among different grades of secondary special school students were not significant(F-(1,348)=1.275,P=0.226).The interaction of gender and grade on academic emotions was not significant(F-(1,348)=1.057,P=0.397).Academic emotions and academic self-efficacy was interrelated(r=-0.513～0.685).The result of multiple regression analysis showed that each factor of academic self-efficacy played a significant predictor role on academic emotions(β=-0.631～0.462,P<0.01). Conclusion The academic emotions' differences between secondary special school boys and girls are significant. Academic self-efficacy is closely related to academic emotions.

The paper described the main function modules, system architecture, key technology and reservation business process of the appointment register platform system; security measure of the reservation platform system, as evidenced by the access of third-party payment interface, multi-tier data service, digital safety network among others which are designed to ensure the security and operability of the system.

BACKGROUND: In spite of some good successes of nickel-titanium alloy have been achieved in orthopaedic surgery, there are still serious limitations in clinical application, such as potential leakage of elements and ions, which could be toxic to cells, tissues and organs. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress and the exiting problems of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy in orthopaedics and to provide theoretical supports for safe use of the alloy in clinical practice.METHODS: A computer-based online search of Springerlink and CNKI was performed for articles published between 2003 and 2010 both in Chinese and English. The search was conducted respectively with the key words of "nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi-SMA), biocompatibility, modifications, orthopaedics". Researches regarding nickel-titanium shape memory alloy and its properties, clinical applications, corrosion performance, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance by surface/structure modifications and the long-term challenges were included. Irrelevant or repetitive articles were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy has special value in medical field due to favorable shape-memory and superelasticity. However, due to the nickel toxicity, it is of great importance to elevate corrosion resistance of nickel-titanium alloy. The modifications of the alloy are the main focus and direction for further research.

Objective To evaluate left atrial function by velocity vector imaging (VVI) in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis(RMS). Methods Thirty eight patients with RMS and 42 normal controls were studied with VVI analysis software. Peak systolic strain (S), systolic strain rate(SRs), early diastolic strain rate(SRe) and late diastolic strain rate(SRa) of each left atrial segments were measured,and also the SRa peak time delay(Td-SRa). Results Comparing to the controls group, the S, SRs and SRe of all segments were significantly lower(P<0.05). Except the base latero-aorta's SRa, the other segments' SRa were lower (P<0.05). In patients with atrial fibrillation(AF),56% segments had no SRa,and 18.6% had irregular low amplitude movement at late diastole, while 25.4% had discernible positive peak. The base and middle inferior SRa of patients with AF were lower (P<0.05 ) than those of the patients with sinus rhythm. While the Td-SRa of patients was longer than that of control group,especially what of the patients with AF. Conclusions The segmental and globe left atrial function of patients with RMS can be evaluated with VVI.

Objective To investigate the expression of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90? in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) and its clinical significance in the malignancy of BTCC. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect HSP70, HSP90?, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 50 cases of BTCC and 14 cases of normal bladder muscosa served as the controls. Results The positive expression rates of HSP70 and HSP90? in BTCC were 56% (28/50) and 66% (33/50), respectively. They were significantly correlated with the pathological grade, clinical stages, and prognosis. The expressions of HSP70 and HSP90? were significantly correlated to the expression of PCNA. Conclusion Expressions of HSP70 and HSP90? are closely associated with the differentiation of BTCC and its depth of invasion, which may play an important role in the genesis and development of BTCC. HSP70 and HSP90? can be used as a useful molecular marker for prognosis of BTCC.

Objective To study the potential improvement of donor heart storage by A1 adenosine receptor-induced delayed preconditioning and its relation with NF-?B. Methods A total of 64 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group A was pretreated with 2-chloro-N6-cyclopen-tyladenosine (CCPA), and Group B was only injected saline. Twenty-four hours later, the hearts in groups A and B were stored in St.Thomas solution for 4 h at 4 ℃ and reperfused with K-H buffer for 1 h. Group C was administered with CCPA after 15-minute saline injection, and Group D was injected with inhibitor of nuclear factor ?B, pyrrolidindiethyldithiocarbamate (PDTC) first and 15 min later injected with CCPA. Group E was only injected with saline and Group F with PDTC. Twenty-four hours later, the rat hearts were isolated, perfused with H-K buffer solution on the Langendorff apparatus, and subjected to hypothermic ischemia for 180 min with intermittent perfusion of modified St. Thomas solution, and reperfused with 37 ℃ H-K buffer for 60 min. Left ventricular function, myocardial CK-MB leakage, tissue levels of adenosine triphosphate were measured. Results The recovery rate of ?dp/dt max left ventricle in Group A were much higher than that of Group B, while that in Group C were much higher than that in groups D, E and F (P

Objective:To investigate the effects of Chinese medicine prescriptions Gancaofuzi-tang and Tongbi-fang on adjusting the dynamic expression of related cytokines and further ameliorating the histopathology of synovitis in rats with Ⅱ collagen induced arthritis(CIA).Methods:The experimental Wistar rat model of CIA was set up successfully.The rats divided into five groups in random: normal(N),Gancaofuzi-tang treatment(GF),Tongbi-fang treatment(TB),Puwei western medicine treatment(PW) and model control(C).The different medicine was affused into stomach 1.5 ml/rat,once daily.The rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of medicine administration.Foot swelling degrees of the rats were measured every other day,and then calculate swelling rates.Getting blood after 3 weeks of treatment from rat's innercanthus to detect the level of serum Sialic Acid(SA) and the level of serum IL-2 and TNF-? by ELISA.The synovial histopathology was observed with HE staining under optical microscope.Results:Gancaofuzi-tang and Tongbi-fang significantly decreased swelling rate of joints in CIA rats.The pathology of synovisl tissues was markedly ameliorated.After administration for 3 weeks,the levels of serum SA,IL-2 and TNF-? of the rats in GF and TB groups were significantly decreased compared with the control.Continuous administration for 6 weeks,the levels of the targets in GF and TB rats reached to near the normal level.Conclusion:All the results demonstrate that Gancaofuzi-tang and Tongbi-fang play anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory roles in CIA rats through inhibiting activation of some inflammatory mediators,adjusting related cytokines expression,then eliminating the joint swelling and improving synovitis pathology,which might be looked as immune suppression effects similar to NSAID medicine.

As one of important sorts of pesticides,organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs) are used widely in the world.They can cause serious environmental problems and have some adverse effects on the health of people and animals.They can induce acute neurotoxicity and delayed neurotoxicity,and result in the damages of organs.The objective of this paper is to provide a brief review of the mechanisms involved in the OPPs-induced hyperglycemia.OPPs can influence body glucose homeostasis by several mechanisms including oxidative stress,nitrosative stress,inhibition of cholinesterase,inhibition of paraoxonase,disturbance in metabolism of liver tryptophan and so on.