Health education is not only the first step to health management,but also an important health intervention.It has an important significance for promoting the development of health management because it runs through the whole process of health management.However,because the health management has just started in our country,it faces many challenges when putting the health education into effect in the health management process.From the organizational structure,management system,resources,education content and method of the implementing body,this paper summarized eight problems existing in the implementation.This paper tried putting forward corresponding countermeasures,and hoped to be helpful to the further development of health education.

Bibliometric analysis of domestic information literacy education for medical students showed that infor-mation organization contents were relatively less in information literacy education for medical students .Information organization and use are of important significance in training the new generation of qualified medical personnel and in promoting the development of medical sciences .It is thus necessary to strengthen information literacy education for medical students in domestic colleges and universities .Information organization should play its role in informa-tion literacy education for medical students .

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Cranio-maxillofacial computer aided system is discussed including its conception,study situation,design sig-nificance and system structure,and then the main problems and its solution project of the research is also expounded.The clinical application of the system can be treated craniofacial deformities perfectly,producing very good social and economic benefits.

After the features of online analysis tools of CNKI, Wanfang and SCIE were described, the advantages and limitations of their online analysis tools were comparatively analyzed in terms of their data types, data volumes, use conveniences, analysis dimensions, analysis methods and analysis results.

Objective To investigate the effects on intraocular pressure and blood pressure following anterior chamber paracentesis in acute primary angle closure glaucoma with high blood pressure.Methods 64 eyes of 64 glaucoma patients with high blood pressure were received anterior chamber paracentesis.the intraocular pressure and blood pressure were measured before and after paracentesis.Results The mean systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) before paracentesis of 64 glaucoma were 195.10?15.24mmHg and 117.1?11.76mmHg respectively,after administration of paracentesis,the SBP and DBP were 138.82?20.86mmHg and 93.19?12.07mmHg respectively,the intraocular pressure also significantly decreased from 68.64?10.05mmHg to 10.66?4.41mmHg.There was statistical difference in SBP,DBP and intraocular pressure before and after administration of paracentesis.Conclusions Administration of paracentesis in acute primary angle closure glaucoma with high blood pressure can significantly reduce intraocular pressure and blood pressure simultaneously.

Because the biology characteristic of HIV is extremely different from that of other microorganisms, HIV vaccine research has being faced with unprecedented difficulties and challenges. In the last 20 years, HIV vaccine research has been carried out mainly with two strategies, i.e., neutralizing antibody based and cellular immunization based; however, substantive breakthroughs haven't been achieved until now. Inducing effective neutralizing antibody is always an important strategy in traditional vaccine research, but this strategy is much less efficient in HIV vaccine research because of high variation and much subtypes of HIV. In recent years, the discovery of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and elucidation of their corresponding antigen epitopes have brought new hopes for the development of neutralizing antibody based HIV vaccine. Reviewing these advancements will be helpful for reconsidering HIV vaccine development with a better strategy.

Objectives: To analyze the hemodynamic characteristics of dysplastic posterior cerebral artery with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and to investigate the diagnostic value of TCD. Methods: Fifty-two patients with posterior cerebral artery P1 segment (PCA-P1) dysplasia screened by MRA and TCD were selected. The hemodynamic changes before and after the carotid compression test were observed, and compared with 52 healthy subjects without abnormal blood vessels (control group). Results: Circled digit oneThe blood flow velocity of 52 patients with PCA-P1 dysplasia on the dysplasia was 55 ± 8 cm/s on the dysplastic side, which was significantly lower than that of 60 ± 6 cm/s in the control group (P < 0.01). After compressing the ipsilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs) respectively, the velocity of PCA-P1 on the dysplastic sides was 192 ± 25 cm/s, and it was significantly higher than 96 ± 14 cm/s in the control group (P < 0.01). The ratio of velocity in patients with dysplasia before and after the compression test (after Vp/before Vp) was 3.52 ± 0.53, and it was significantly higher than 1.60 ± 0.17 in the control group (P < 0.01). Circled digit twoAfter compressing the ipsilateral CCAs respectively, the end-diastolic flow velocity and the ratio before compression (after Vp/before Vp) was 4.48 ± 1.28, and it was significantly higher than 1.61 ± 0.25 in the control group (P < 0.01). Circled digit threePCA-P1 pulsatility index (PI) on the dysplastic sides was 1.00 ± 0.22, and it was significantly higher than 0.78 ± 0.09 in the control group (P < 0.01). There was significant difference (P < 0.01). Circled digit fourOf the 52 patients, the flow spectrum of 28 patients showed high-resistance changes and the flow spectrum of 24 patients was normal. Before and after compressing the ipsilateral CCAs, the ratio of high-resistance spectrum group compared to that before compressing (after Vd/before Vd) was 5.3 ± 1.1, and it was significantly higher than 3.5 ± 0.6 in normal blood flow spectrum group. There was significant difference (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between after VP/before VP and the normal blood flow spectrum group. ©Dysplasia in PCA-P1 was suspected in 39 cases by TCD, and 32 of them were confirmed with MRA. The positive coincidence rate was 82.1%, 17 of them showed high-resistance flow spectrum, and 16 had dysplasia in PCA-P1 confirmed by MRA. The positive coincidence rate was 94.1%. Conclusion: TCD in combination with blood flow spectrum shape may initially diagnose the dysplasia in PCA-P1 according to the changes of hemodynamic parameters of PCA-P1 before and after the CCA compression test.

Objective: To analyze the hemodynamic characteristics in detecting of anatomic variations of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and anterior communicating artery (ACoA) with transcranial Doppler (TCD). Methods: Sixty-two patients with anatomic variations of ACA or ACoA (patient group) and 48 healthy subjects without variation (control group) diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRA) and TCD were selected. The hemodynamic changes in extracranial and intracranial vessels in both groups were detected by TCD. Results: Circled digit oneForty-eight patients with unilateral hypogenesis of ACA-A1 in the patient group. The blood flow velocity of ACA-A1 on the hypogenetic sides was 61±16 cm/s, it was significantly lower than 86±15 cm/s in the control group; the blood flow velocity of ACA-A1 on the thick sides was 125±12 cm/s, and it was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P <0.01). The blood flow velocity on the thin sides was about 1/2 of that on the thick sides. Circled digit twoAfter pressing the contralateral CCA, the blood flow velocity of bilateral ACA-A1 increased to various degrees. The ratio of peak systolic blood flow velocity on the thin sides was 3.10±0.50, and it was significantly higher than 1.93± 0.24 in the control group. The ratio on the thick sides was 1.33 + 0.11. It was significantly lower than that in the control group. There was significant difference (P < 0.01). The ratio on the thin sides was more than two times of that on the thick sides. Circled digit threeNine patients with unilateral absence of ACA-A1, the blood flow velocity of contralateral ACA-A1 was 131±17 cm/s, and it was significantly higher than that of the control group and the ipsilateral MCA blood flow velocity. The blood flow velocity of the extracranial internal carotid artery in 57 patients on the thin or absence sides of ACA-A1 was 47±11 cm/s, and it was significantly lower than 60±13 cm/s on the contralateral sides (P < 0.01). Circled digit fourThe blood flow signals in 5 patients with the absence of ACoA were disappeared after compressing the ipsilateral CCA and ACA respectively. Conclusion: According to the hemodynamic changes before and after the bilateral ACA Queckenstedts test, and in combination with the assistant indices such as blood flow velocity of extracranial internal carotid artery, blood flow signal intensity, and blood flow distribution, TCD may primarily detect the significant variation of ACA or ACoA.

Objectives: To analyze the hemodynamic characteristics in patients with unilateral hypogenesis of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and to discuss the diagnostic value of it. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with unilateral hypogenesis of ACA were confirmed by TCD and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The characteristics of hemodynamic changes were observed in hypogenetic side and contralateral anterior cerebral artery A1 segment (ACA-A1) before and after compression of the common carotid artery. They were also compared with 28 normal controls. Results: The blood flow velocity of the hypogenetic side ACA-A1 (62 ± 17) cm/s of the 28 patients was significantly lower than that of the control group [(87 ± 15) cm/s; P < 0. 01]; the blood flow velocity of the contralateral ACA-A1 (123 ± 13) cm/s was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). The average blood flow velocity of the hypogenetic side ACA-A1 was almost half of the contralateral ACA-A1. After compressing the common carotid arteries respectively, the blood flow velocity of the hypogenetic side ACA-A1 increased for several times (3.0.8 ± 0.51), and it was significantly higher than that of the control group (1.97 ± 0.25; P < 0.01); the blood flow velocity of the contralateral side ACA-A1 increased for several times (1.35 ± 0.11), and it was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01); the average blood flow velocity of the hypogenetic side ACA-A1 was more than 2 times of the contralateral ACA-A1. Conclusion: Accordin g to hemodynamic changes before and after compression of the common carotid artery, together with the signal strength of blood flow, and the distribution of blood flow, TCD may defect unilateral hypogenesis of ACA.