Lung nodules are one of the most common pathological changes, thus early detection of lung nodule is very important for the diagnosis medical treatment of lung eancer. In recent years, as the application of multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT), high-resolution CT(HRCT) and low-dose chest CTCLDCT), computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system will be more essential and more important. Since CAD system can improve the working efficiency of doctors and provide service to more patients, has become the research hotspot and achievement has been made in relevant area internationally recently. This review summarizes the basic methods and applieations of computer-aided detection and diagnosis of lung nodule based on CT image.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of EZH2 and p53 protein in primary prostate cancer (Pca) and its clinical significance.Methods High-throughput tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of EZH2 and p53 protein in 48 human prostate cancer specimens without a history of chemo-radiation therapy and 15 cases of benign prostate hyperplasic (BPH) tissues. The pathological characteristics and the relationship of the expression of EZH2 and p53 protein in primary prostate cancer was analyzed. ResultsImmunohistochemical results showed that the positive rates of EZH2 and p53 protein in prostate cancer were 87.50 ％ (42/48) and 33.33 ％ (16/48), respectively, which were significantly higher than that in BPH tissues[13.33 ％ (2/15) and 0 (0/15)](x2=26.429, x2=5.058,P ＜0.05). The expression of EZH2 and p53 protein was significantly related to Gleason score, TNM stage (P ＜0.05), but not to age and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (P ＞0.05). The positive expression in patients with Gleason＞6 was higher than that with Gleason≤6(P ＜0.05).The positive expression in patients with T3-T4 stage was higher than that with T1-T2 stage(P ＜0.05).Spearman rank correlation showed a significantly positive correlation between EZH2 and p53 protein (r=0.294, P ＜0.05). ConclusionEZH2 and p53 protein may participate in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.The overexpression of EZH2 and p53 protein could become an index for the evaluation of the level of malignancy and progression of prostate cancer.Furthermore,combining detection of EZH2 and p53 protein may provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Dendritic Cells, Follicular ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; pathology

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics and laboratory outcomes in henoch-schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) patients.Methods Twenty patients with HSPN were respectively studied. The clinical characteristics and laboratory outcomes were compared between patients with different glomerulus and renal tubule pathologic classification respectively. Results Patients with grade Ⅲ had a higher proteinuria rate than those with grade Ⅱ,and the glomerulus and renal tubule pathologic markedly changed in grade Ⅲ than that in grade Ⅱ.The HSPN patients had a higher concentration of IgA,C 3 in plasma and of minimal protein in urine than that in normal groups.Conclusions There are both glomerulus and renal tubule pathologic changes in HSPN patients. The basic pathologic changes are parallel and correlated with clinical manifestation.

Objective To explore the relationship of immunoglobulin A(IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) in children by making comparison in the aspects of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and renal pathology. Methods Process the data of 69 cases of HSPN and 33 cases of IgAN respectively in clinical symptoms' frequency, indices of urinalysis and blood cell count, protein quantity in urine of 24 hours, serum level of immunoglobulins, C3 and C4, as well as renal pathologic results. Results In IgAN group, the incidence of male was higher than that of female, respiratory tract infections usually occur as prodrome. Macroscopic hematuria was the most prominent clinical feature, while rash, joint pain, abdominal symptoms seldom happened. Level of hemoglobin in IgAN group was decreased significantly. There were no significant differences in edema, hypertension, proteinuria degree, level of plasm albumin, level of serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, C3 and C4, as well as the features of renal pathologic changes between IgAN and HSPN.Conclusions IgAN and HSPN have similar features in clinical symptoms,level of immunoglobulins and complements and renal pathology. But it is still under discussion whether they are different stages of the same disease.

On the clinic,the main treatment of autoimmune diseases were used immunosuppressant,but large-scale use of immunosuppressive agents could cause of the delayed dysfunction,side effects such as infection,tumors and so on,so-induced immune suppression and immune tolerance response was the most effective way.So far,dendritic cells(DC) was the most powerful professional antigen-presenting cells.On one hand,DC as a full-time antigen-presenting cells and trigger regulation of the inherent and acquired immune response,start the immune response;On the other hand,DC through a variety of mechanisms induced antigen-specific T cells incompetent,show strong plasticity in immune tolerance and play an important role in immune regulation.Nuclear factor(NF)-?B is a nuclear transcription factor.In the immune response,NF-?B in the dendritic cells regulation of their own including development,maturity,the antigen-presenting,to stimulate T cells functions and so on.Such adjustments play an important role in the incidence of autommine diseases,could became a new target treatment of autommine diseases.

As an important modality in the treatment of central nervous system malignancies of pediatric patients, radiotherapy could improve both local control and long-term survival.However, both short-term and long-term adverse effects are of concerns.In the current review, the role of radiotherapy in the pediatric setting were introduced.

Objective To evaluate the family and individual quality of life for the prelingually deaf adolescents with cochlear implants and compare the influence of preoperative communication mode.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 21 prelingually profoundly deaf adolescents divided into the nonverbal group and oral group according to preoperative communication modes.The scores of the children using hearing implants quality of life (CuHI Qol) and nijmegen cochlear implant questionnaire (NCIQ) were collected and compared statistically between the two groups.Results The postoperative scores of CuHI Qol (51.71±8.9) in 21 patients were significantly higher than those before operation (42.14±6.04,P<0.001), and no significant differences were observed in the family influence between the two groups while the scores of oral group were significantly higher than the nonverbal group in parents' expectation and quality of life(P<0.05).The NCIQ scores of the oral group were significantly higher than nonverbal group(P<0.05) in the following subdomains : advanced sound perception, speech production, social interactions and there was no statistical difference in basic sound perception, self-esteem and activities.Conclusion The quality of life of prelingually deafened adolescents with cochlear implants can be improved obviously and patients with oral communication mode before operation have better quality of life.

Recent scientific achievements in cell and developmental biology have provided unprecedented opportunities for advances in biomedical research. The demonstration that fully differentiated cells can reverse their gene expression profile to that of pluripotent cells, and the successful derivation and culture of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have fuelled hopes for applications in regenerative medicine. Ethical issues concerning the use of cloned human embryos for the derivation of stem cells have stimulated the search for alternative methods for reversing differentiated cells into pluripotent cells. The present state of these reprogramming technologies will be reviewed and their relative success will be discussed.