Objective To evaluate the value and limitation of Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI for neuroblastoma staging in children. Methods Twelve cases of neuroblastoma proved by operation or bone marrow aspiration were examined by gadolinium-enhanced MRI. The age ranged from seven months to five years, mean 3.7 years. Eight tumors originated from adrenal, and four from posterior mediastinum. Conventional sequences, double dose gadolinium-enhanced MRI, and 3D CEMRA were used in all patients. Six cases were examined by CT in same time. Imaging staging on surgic-histopathological-based International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) was performed. Results Six patients were staged by CT, including stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 2 cases, stage Ⅲ in 4 cases, and stage Ⅳ in none. Twelve patients were staged by conventional MRI, including stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 2 cases, stage Ⅲ in 9 cases, and stage Ⅳ in 1 case. Twelve patients were staged by double dose gadolinium-enhanced MRI, including stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 1 case, stage Ⅲ in 1 case, and stage Ⅳ in 10 cases. Conclusion Gadolinium-enhanced MRI was a single best imaging modality for neuroblastoma, most useful for distal to diaphragm metastasis, dumbbell tumor intraspinal extension, and bone marrow metastasis that was not detected by aspirate examination. Enhancement MRI was important in evaluating the therapy and was also helpful in assessing the therapeutic efficacy and relapse. 3D CEMRA helps demonstrate large vascular encasement and tumor erosion into important organs, and it is useful in assessing the respectability. Long examination time and lack in showing the characteristic calcium were the limitations.

Surface tension(in terms of hysteresis), lecithin content, PaO2 and lung water content of both bronchial irrigation fluid and lung homogenates were determined after severe inhalation injury in rabbits. In accompany with the decrease of PaO2 and increase of lung water content, there was a remarkable dropping of pulmonary surfactant content as illustrated by progressive increase of surface tension and decrease of lecithin content in both bronchial irrigation fluid and lung homogenate. It was proposed that dropping of pulmonary surfactant played an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema after inhalation injury. Therefore, successive determinations of lecithin content or and surface tension of bronchial irrigation fluid might serve as an early diagnosis as well as a pro-gnostis aid in severe inhalation injuries.

Objective To investigate the changes of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO)) and their relation with lung function in bronchial asthma.Methods FENO and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were measured during the periods of acute onset,chronic persistence and paracmasis in 54 patients with asthma and 19 healthy persons.Results There were significant differences in the levels of FENO and FEV1 among the course of acute onset [(57.59 ± 32.24) ppb and (1.72± 0.33) L],chronic persistent course [(40.02 ± 15.68) ppb and (2.41 ± 0.23) L],paracmasis [(26.71±6.07) ppb and (2.82±0.29 )L]and control[(14.74±3.42 ) ppb and (2.93±0.13)L] (F=19.555,163.096,P＜0.01) except for the levels of FEV1 between paracmasis and control group(P＞0.05).The negative correlation between FENO and FEV1 was found in the course of acute onset(r=- 0.666,P =0.005 ),but not in the chronic persistent course ( r =- 0.288,P =0.176) and paracmasis(r=-0.246,P=0.457).Conclusions The level of FENO is increased and may be useful to evaluate control degree in patients with asthma.

OBJECTIVE:To study the feasibility of bacterial endotoxin test for hepatocyte growth-promoting factors injection as a substitution for pyrogen test METHODS:According to China Pharmacopoeia(second part,2000),interference test was carried on endotoxin detection of hepatocyte growth-promoting factors injection with limulus lysate test agents produced by two different factories RESULTS:There was no interference with the reaction between bacterial endotoxin and limulus lysate test agent in hepatocyte growth-promoting factors injection in 10-fold dilution CONCLUSION:It is feasible to use the gelatine method in bacterial endotoxin test

Objective To assess the enhancement characteristic of breast lesions of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in comparison with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods Between August 2011 and March 2013,72 women with 72 lesions were enrolled.All patients underwent ultrasound,CEUS and MRI.The histopathologic results obtained from ultrasound-guided core biopsy or operation excisions were used as the reference standard.CEUS section evaluations were made similar with MRI regarding the size and shape of lesions.Different contrast enhancement patterns including homogeneous/heterogeneous,the tumor areas,the perfusion defect areas,and modality of time-intensity curve were evaluated.Pearson's correlation coefficient,Student's t-tests,and the concordance test were used for evaluation.Results Of the 72 lesions,pathologic examination revealed 56 (77.8％) malignant lesions and 16 (22.2％) benign lesions.The tumor areas measured by CEUS and MRI agreed well,with a correlation of r =0.894,P =0.000.The difference between the two measurements was not significant according to a paired t test (P =0.886).The concordance tests gave a value of the coefficient Kappa =-0.153 (P =0.061),indicating a low concordance between the results obtained with CEUS and those obtained with MRI regarding the enhanced uniformity.There were statistically significant differences in the perfusion defect areas as measured by CEUS and MRI (P =0.01).The CEUS estimates [(0.837 ± 0.827)cm2] were consistently higher than the MRI estimates [(0.576 ± 0.524)cm2].The time-intensity curve patterns between the two groups showed no correlation.Conclusions The enhancement patterns evaluated by CEUS and MRI partly agreed well.There was no direct association between the two methods regarding the enhancement patterns because of the different contrast agent.

Objective To evaluate the role of breast MRI in detecting the primary malignancy in patients presenting solely with axillary lymph node metastases. Methods Thirty-three patients with axillary lynph node metastases but negative findings on either physical examination or mammography underwent breast MRI to identify occult breast carcinoma. MRI of the breast was assessed according to BI-RADS criteria. The pathologic diagnosis was made according to the standard criteria by the WHO Classification of Tumor. Results Among 33 patients presenting solely with axillary metastases, 30 patients underwent modified radical mastectomy. Primary breast carcinoma was proven in 17 patients. MRI detected lesions in 16 patients, including 10 masses and 6 non-mass lesions. Size of the masses ranged from 0. 5 to 2. 6 cm (mean 1.5 cm). Six lesions were smaller than 1.5 cm in size. Non-mass lesions showed ductal enhancement in 4 cases and segmental enhancement in 2 cases. One patient with tumor detected by histopathology showed no abnormal enhancement on MRI. No tumor was found at mastectomy in the other 13 womeu, and negative MR findings were revealed in 9. Four cases with suspicious enhancement on MRI had no corresponding primary foci on pathology. Three patients didn't undergo surgical procedure. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of the primary malignancy were 94. 1%,69. 2%, and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusions Small size of mass and ductal or segmental enhancement of non-mass lesion were common MR features of occult malignancy. MRI showed high sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosing occult breast carcinoma. Breast MRI should be taken in search of occult malignancy in patients with axillary metastases.

Objective: To analyze responsiveness of Chinese version of Neck Outcome Score (NOOS-C) and provide a reliable measure to assess intervention effect for patients with neck pain. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation of NOOS was performed according to the Beaton's guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Eighty patients with neck pain were recruited between September 2016 and May 2017. Those patients were assessed using NOOS-C and Chinese version of Neck Disability Index (NDI) before and after intervention. And 71 patients completed those questionnaires. The statistic differences of the score of each subscale and the total scale before and after intervention were evaluated by paired-samples t test. Internal responsiveness was determined by effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) based on the calculated difference before and after intervention. External responsiveness was analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The differences in symptom subscale, sleep disturbance subscale, participating in everyday life subscale, every day activity and pain subscale, and the scale between before and after intervention were significant ( P<0.05) except for mobility subscale ( P>0.05). The difference of NDI-C before and after intervention was -12.11%±17.45%, ES was 0.77, and SRM was 0.69. The difference of NOOS-C before and after intervention was 13.74±17.22, ES was 0.83, and SRM was 0.80. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the relativity about NOOS-C and NDI-C before and after intervention were both negative ( r=-0.914, P=0.000; r=-0.872, P=0.000). Conclusion: NOOS-C's responsiveness is good.

Objective To investigate the readiness for hospital discharge of patients who had undergone spinal operation at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, to guide the medical care and health education. Methods A total of 164 patients after spinal operation who have readying to discharge were selected and investigated by General Information Questionnaire, Activity of Daily Life Scale and Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale. Apply the Excel for data inputting, SPSS19.0 for statistical analysis and choose rate, x±s and so on for statistical description according to the types of data. Results Of all the 164 patients, 47 cases (28.7%) weren′t well prepared, 117 cases (71.3%) were well prepared;the score of
Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale was (142.38±34.23 points and the average score of all the articles was (7.12±1.72) points. Conclusions The readiness for hospital discharge score of patients who had undergone a spinal operation at West China Hospital, Sichuan University is low and their readiness for hospital discharge is inadequate. Medical staff can improve the patients′readiness for hospital discharge by strengthening health guidance in order to promote the recovery of patients.

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the sonographic features of phyllodes tumors of the breast (PTBs) and the cor-relation between sonographic and pathologic findings to improve the understanding of the disease. Methods:Sonographic findings of 85 PTBs from 83 patients were reviewed. The sonographic findings included the results of two-dimensional ultrasound and color Dop-pler flow imaging, elastographic features, and pathologic data. Results:Of the 85 lesions, 33 were the benign tumors, 28 were border-line, and 24 were malignant according to the pathologic diagnosis. Tumor morphology revealed that most masses were lobulated, with a clear-cut boundary, smooth verge, and inhomogeneous internal echo. Clear boundary was more common in the benign phyllodes tumors (χ2=12.721, P=0.002), and a cystic echo-free area was more commonly observed in these malignant tumors (χ2=9.677, P=0.046). LevelⅡandⅢsignals of the blood flow were observed in 75.3%of PTB cases. Of all lesions, only 26 were subjected to elasticity imaging, and the elastographic scores ranged from 2 to 3 in 88.5%of the cases (23/26). Conclusion:Conventional ultrasound and elastographic findings on PTBs exhibited definite characteristics. The border and cystic areas in the tumors can be used to differentiate between be-nign and malignant PTBs.

Objective　To observe the changes of the microvascular permeability after blunt chest trauma (BCT), endotoxemia and their combined injury in rats. Methods　After the establishment of the rat models of BCT, endotoxemia and their combined injury in the right lungs, the fluorescein sodium (FINa) content was measured with flurospectrophotometer in lungs 0.5, 1, 4 and 8 h after injury. Results　There was an early obvious increase of the microvascular permeability in the impact lateral (peak at half an hour after injury), and a delayed increase in the contralateral lung (peak at the 8th h) in the BCT group. The FINa content was higher in endotoxemia group than in the BCT group(P<0.05), and lower than that in the combined injury group(P<0.05) in the contralateral lung. Conclusion　Results indicate that there were different pathophysiologic processes among the 3 kinds of injury and the FINa content is a useful index to manifest the changes of microvascular permeability in tissues.