ObjectiveTo explore the influence of fluvastatin on the levels of IL-6,MMP-1 and APN in patients with coronary heart diseases.Methods60 patients with coronary heart diseases were randomly divided into 2groups:40mg group and 80mg group treated by fluvastatin and 30 healthy persons were selected as control group,serum levels of IL-6,MMP-1 and APN were measured before and after treatmead.ResultsSerum levels of IL-6,MMP-1 were significantly increasd in the coronary heart diseases group (t =4.896,4.231,all P ＜ 0.05 ).Serum level of APN was significantly decreasd in the coronary heart diseases group( t =4.352,P ＜ 0.05 ).The serum levels of IL-6and M MP-1 were significantly decreasd after therapy (4.156,4.121、4.553,all P ＜ 0.05 ).The decrease of serum levels of IL-6,MMP-1 in 80mg group was more significant than those of 40mg group( t =3.786,3.690,4.10,all P ＜0.05).ConclusionSerum concentrations of IL-6 and MMP-1 increase,but APN decrease in patients with coronary heart diseases.Serum concentrations of IL-6,MMP-1 and APN had relationships with coronary plaque extent.Fluvastatin could decrease serum levels of IL-6 and MMP-1,increase serum level of APN in patients with coronary heart diseases,and have a beneficial effect on steadying the plaque.

Objective:To seek better treatments for abnormal pelvic floor muscle tension and pelvic floor dysfunction after spinal cord injury.Methods:The morphology of pelvic floor muscle fibers of rats with spinal cord injury at different levels was observed under the electron microscope. Thirty female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a suprasacral (SS) cord injury group, a group with spinal cord injury at or below the sacral level (SC) and a normal group (NG), each of 10. The relevant spinal cord injury models were established in the SS and SC groups through spinal cord disconnection. Four weeks later, the pixel area of ATPase-positive fibers was used to quantify the content of type I fibers in the pubococcygeus muscle of each rat through observation under the electron microscope after hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results:The average content of type I muscle fibers in both the SS and SC group was significantly lower than in the normal group. The SC group′s average level was significantly lower than that of the SS group. Under the microscope the stained myofibers were tortuous, deformed in appearance and with proliferated nuclei. Capillary dilation could be seen locally in the SS group 4 weeks after the injury. In the SC group at 4 weeks after the injury the pubococcal fibers were seriously "dissolved" , or disordered, with spherical nuclei and mild hyperplasia. Under the electron microscope, the sarcomeres of the SC group were obviously dissolved, atrophied and broken, though the basic structure persisted, with mild mitochondrial proliferation. The sarcomeres of the SC group were extremely dissolved and broken, completely losing basic structure, with abundant connective tissue proliferation but without obvious mitochondrial proliferation.Conclusions:After suprasacral cord injury, the content of type I muscle fibers in the pubococcygeus muscle of the pelvic floor decreases somewhat, with the basic structure of the muscle fibers remaining intact. However, after spinal cord injury at or below the sacral level, type I muscle fibers decrease significantly in the pubococcygeus muscle of the pelvic floor, and the basic structure is seriously damaged.

Objective To investigate the expressions of T helper cell 1 (Th1)-associated chemokine receptors CXCR3, CCR5 and T helper cell 2 (Th2)-associated chemokine receptor CCR3 in the spleen tissues of rats with cirrhosis and hypersplenism and probe into the balance between Th1/Th2 lymphocyte subsets.Methods Experimental study was adopted.Forty-six male SD rats were randomized into the hypersplenic group (n =36) and the control group (n =10).In the hypersplenic group, the rats were fed with 40％ CCl4 peanut oil solution (3.0 mL/kg, twice per week) and 15％ white spirit for 8 weeks to build the hypersplenic model.The rats in the control group received normal feeding.The animal models with cirrhosis and hypersplenism were confirmed by liver function test, routine blood test, HE staining and Masson staining after visual inspection.The expressions of chemokine receptors of CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR3 were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x ± s.Comparison between groups was done using the independent sample t test.Results Results of visual inspection: the rats in the hypersplenic group suffered from severe hair-shedding, metal fatigue and inappetence, with hair dimming and inactivity.There were rats dead successively 5 weeks after model establishment and 19 rats finally survived.The rats in the control group had color and gloss hair, with good appetite and spirits.They were active and sensitive to external stimulation.Changes of pathological morphology in liver: in the hypersplenic group, the fibers became denser and disordered, making normal structure of liver tissues destroyed.The hepatic lobules separated by fibrous bundle and proliferative hepatic cell mass were segmented and surrounded by thick fibrous,leading to the formation of pseudolobule.Disorganized hepatocytes suffused adipocytes, the nucleus of heterocysts enlarged or even multinucleated cells appeared.There was no change in the control group.Changes of pathological morphology in spleen: the rats in the hypersplenic group had slightly swelling spleen with the areas of red pulp increased and whit pulp disappeared gradually.Vascular endothelium became thicker and proliferated.Thickened central artery and fibrosis were depicted.Splenic sinusoid extended.There was no change of spleen tissues in the control group.Changes of liver function : the levels of ALT and AST of rats were (264 ± 111) U/L and (687 ± 299) U/L in the hypersplenic group,which were significantly different from (27 ± 8)U/L and (124 ± 20)U/L in the control group (t =5.64, 4.98,P ＜ 0.05).The level of total protein was (54 ± 8)g/L in the hypersplenic group, which was significantly different from (65 ± 3)g/L in the control group (t =-3.35, P ＜ 0.05).Changes of peripheral blood cell count: the white blood cell (WBC) count in the hypersplenic group was (23.9 ± 5.0) × 109/L, which was significantly different from (6.2 ± 2.4) × 109/L in the control group (t =3.50, P ＜ 0.05).The red blood cell count and platelet count in the hypersplenic group were (6.3 ±0.7) × 1012/L and (418 ± 124) × 109/L, which were significantly different from (8.0 ± 0.6) × 1012/L and (1 109 ± 161) × 109/L in the control group (t =-2.28,-4.92, P ＜ 0.05).Results of immunohistochemical staining: the cytomembrane and/or cytoplasm stained yellow, brown or sepia were defined as positive performance of CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR3.The absorbance A values of CXCR3 and CCR5 were (81.7 ±24.4) × 10-3 and (3.6 ± 1.3) × 10-3 in the hypersplenic group, which were significantly different from (19.2 ± 5.8) × 10-3 and (1.2 ± 0.4) × 10-3 in the control group (t =16.22, 9.09, P ＜ 0.05).The absorbance A value of CCR3 was (8.8 ±3.7) × 10-3 in the hypersplenic group and (7.9 ±2.8) × 10-3 in the control group, respectively, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =0.87, P ＞ 0.05).The rates of positive cells of CXCR3 and CCR5 was 52％ ± 9％ and 19％ ± 5％ in the hypersplenic group, which were significantly different from 21％±5％ and 10％±3％ in the control group (t =17.31, 8.21, P ＜0.05).The rates of positive cells of CCR3 in the hypersplenic group and control group were 35％ ± 9％ and 33％ ± 14％, respectively, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =0.43, P ＞ 0.05).Results of Western blot test : the relative expressions of CXCR3 and CCR5 were 2.45 ± 0.85 and 0.94 ± 0.48 in the hypersplenic group, which were significantly different from 1.31 ± 0.95 and 0.32 ± 0.26 in the control group (t =2.62, 2.91, P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of CCR3 was 0.47 ± 0.27 in the hypersplenic group, which was significantly different from 0.92 ± 0.67 in the control group (t =-2.18, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The abnormal expression of chemokine receptors in the spleen tissues of rats with cirrhosis and hypersplenism induced by CCl4 suggests that functional imbalance of Th1/Th2 lymphocyte subsets may play an important role in the regulation of peripheral blood cytopenia.

Objective To investigate the effects of emulsified isoflurane on apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells and the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in it.Methods The human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells were seeded in 96-well plates or dishes and then randomly divided into 8 groups using a random number table:control group(group C,n=24),different concentrations of lipid emulsion groups(LE1 groups [n =24],LE2 group [n =24] and LE3 group [n =72]),different concentrations of emulsified isoflurane groups (EI1 group [n=24],El2 group [n=24] and EI3 group [n=72]),and emulsified isoflurane + JNK inhibitor SP600125 group (group EI-SP,n =24).At 24 h after the cells were plated,in LE1-3 groups,30％ lipid emulsion was added to the culture medium with the final concentrations of 0.395 6,0.791 2 and 1.582 4 μl/ml,respectively;in EI1-3 groups,8％ emulsified isoflurane was added with the final concentrations of 0.56,1.12 and 2.24 mmol/L,respectively;in group EI-SP,emulsified isoflurane was added with the final concentration of 1.12 mmol/L,and SP600125 was added at 1 h before addition of emulsified isoflurane with the final concentration of 10 μmol/L;the cells were cultured normally in group C.At 6,12 and 24 h of incubation in EI3 and LE3 groups,and at 24 h of incubation or culture in the other groups,the morphology of cells was detected,the cell viability was measured using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay,and the expression of JNK,phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,and the expression of p-JNK and Cyt c was significantly up-regulated at 24 h of incubation in group EI2 and at 12 and 24 h of incubation in group EI3,the cell viability was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of p-JNK and Cyt c in group EI-SP,and no significant change was found in the cell viability and expression of p-JNK and Cyt c in LE1-3 and EI1 groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group EI1,the cell viability was significantly decreased,and the expression of p-JNK and Cyt c was significantly up-regulated at 24 h of incubation in EI2.3 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group EI2,the cell viability was significantly decreased,and the expression of p-JNK and Cyt c was significantly up-regulated at 24 h of incubation in group EI3,and the cell viability was significantly increased,and the expression of p-JNK and Cyt c was significantly down-regulated in group EI-SP (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in JNK expression between the eight groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion High concentrations of emulsified isoflurane can induce apoptosis in neurons only when applied for a long time,while low concentrations do not have the effect when applied for a short time.The mechanism by which emulsified isoflurane induces neuronal apoptosis is related to activation of JNK pathway.

Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is mainly produced by the granulose cells of the developing preantral and antral follicles in women and a reliable marker of the reproductive function of women.The mean terminal t1/2 of AMH is calculated as (27.6 ± 0.8) h.Serum concentration of AMH declines by 5.6％ per year and several reproductive and lifestyle factors are associated with age-specific AMH levels.AMH can be applied to predict the precise age of the menopause and is a marker of ovarian reserve in women of 25 year old and older.Iu the field of assisted reproductive technologies,AMH is beneficial in the individualization of stimulation protocols at controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and may be positively associated with clinical pregnancy rates,live-birth rates and twin gestation after assisted reproduction.The researches of AMH may be helpful in the studies of mechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).AMH measurement may be included as a diagnostic criterion of PCOS and a useful predictive marker for the efficiency of the treatment of PCOS.AMH has been also shown to inhibit tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and can be used as a tumor marker in granulosa cell tumors.By using AMH,ovarian reserve damages caused by different kinds of diseases and treatments,including rheumatoid arthritis,laparoscopic surgeries of endometriomas,chemotherapy of female cancers have been studied.Some researchers have begun to pay attention to the potential relationship between AMH and the function of human brain.In the future,the applications of AMH maybe probably do significant contributions to make ideal and individualized treatment programs in more and more related fields.

Objective In the detection of peripheral blood in patients with gastric cancer the melanoma antigen A1 (MAGEA1) and the melanoma antigen A3 (MAGEA3) gene expression,combined with the conditions of patients with postoperative follow-up analysis MAGE gene expression and the relationship between gastric cancer metastasis and prognosis.Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from 40 patients with gastric carcinoma and 20 patients with benign diseases.The mRNA of the MAGEA1 and MAGEA3 genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) was detected by RT-PCR,meanwhile the MAGEA1 and MAGEA3 transcripts in gastric carcinoma tissues and corresponding nomal tissue were detected.In contrast with CEA gene,we detected its expression by nested RT-PCR.Results Of the 40 gastric carcinoma patients,MAGEA1 and MAGEA3 mRNA were positive in 47.5％ (17/40) and 25.0％ (10/40) of PBMC,respectively,and in 65.0％ (26/40) and 30.0％ (12/40) of gastric carcinoma tissues,the corresponding paracancerous gastric tissues were not expressed,of which 4 cases of peripheral blood both expression.In the PBMC of 40 gastric carcinoma patients,62.5％ (25/40) samples were detected to express at least one type of MAGE mRNA,the detection of CEA gene mRNA in peripheral blood of the patients in PBMCwas 65.0％ (26/40),20 patients with non neoplastic diseases of PBMC were not detected in the MAGE gene mRNA.There were 22.5％ (9/40) of 40 gastric carcinoma patients with CEA gene expression in PBMC.The detection rate of the MAGE gene of mRNA PBMC in patients with gastric cancer was not related with the lymph node metastasis,TNM stage,and the degree of tumor differentiation,depth of invasion,tumor size,distant metastasis.Conclusion Gastric cancer patients with peripheral blood MAGE gene expression is closely related to the tumor lymph node metastasis,TNM staging,express positive patients with poor prognosis.

In recent years,the prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly,and which has become a serious public health problem worldwide.Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal failure,which is also one of the most common chronic complication of diabetes.However,the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy has not been fully elucidated up to now.IL-17 plays a key role in autoimmune disease and inflammatory disease.This article reviews the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To analyze the clinical data,radiological and pathological features of breast cancer which were understated by image,and summarize the causes.Methods The clinical features,radiological features and pathological data of 26 cases of breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative ultrasound and mammography BI-RADS grades of these 26 cases were both ≤ 3,and they were confirmed to be breast cancer by pathology.The clinical and pathological data of 1224 cases of breast cancer in the same period were compared.Results For the 26 cases,100％ were early breast cancer,100％ were HER2 negative breast cancer,and only 1 case had lymph node metastasis.26％ were special type of breast cancer.Mammography showed glandular multi type,and ultrasound showed atypical or typical benign features.Conclusions Breast cancer understated by image shows features of young age,early stage,well differentiated,low malignant degree,not easy to be visualized by mammography,and their ultrasound features are usually atypical.In clinical setting,analysis of the ultrasound and mammography images should be combined with other examination,to decrease misdiagnosis rate.

Objective To assess the clinical value of taken out embryo by hysteroscopy in treatment of caesarean scar pregnancy. Methods 20 cases of caesarean scar pregnancy from May 2014 to April 2015 were treated with hysteroscopy. Results All the 20 cases were treated by hysteroscopy successfully, none of them suffered from conver-sion to laparotomy, perforation of uterus and heavy vaginal bleeding. Conclusions The operation of taken out embryo by hysteroscopy is effective operation in treating caesarean scar pregnancy with mini-trauma, few distress, and less cost.

Objective To evaluate the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3 months,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =16 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R and I/R+ GSK-3β inhibitor LiCl group (group LiCl).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.Spinal cord ischemia was induced by 45 min occlusion of the abdominal aorta followed by reperfusion.In I/R and LiCl groups,normal saline 5 ml and LiCl 15 mg/kg were injected,respectively,via the caudal vein at 30 min before ischemia.The animals were sacrificed at 48 h of reperfusion and the lumbar segment (L4-6) of spinal cords was removed for microscopic examination and for determination of neuronal apoptosis in the anterior horn of the spinal cord (by TUNEL),and the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-8 and IL-10 was detected (by immunohistochemistry).The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,IL-6 and IL-8 expression was upregulated,and IL-10 expression was down-regulated in I/R and LiCl groups.Compared with group I/R,the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased,IL-6 and IL-8 expression was down-regulated,IL-10 expression was up regulated,and the pathological damage was attenuated in LiCl group.Conclusion Activated GSK-3β is involved in the development of spinal cord I/R injury possibly by promoting synthesis and release of inflammatory factors in rats.