The wavelength of infrared rays,beyond that of red visible light in optical spectre,ranges from 0.76 to 1000.00 μm.In clinic,infrared rays include a near-infrared part(with the wavelength ranging from 0.76 to 1.5μm)and a far-infrared part(with the wavelength ranging from 1.5 to 400μm).The far-infrared rays,having a wavelength ranging from 6 to 14 μm,are critical for human health and lives.The far-infrared rays have many biological functions including extending blood capillary,increasing blood flow,enhancing metabolism and repair,accommodating organism disequilibrium,etc.The main biological effect of far-infrared rays is cell activation which can induce a senes of biochemistry and histochemistry changes of calls.With the help of far-infrared rays,human body can be in a healthy status.The main clinical applications of far-infrared rays include auxiliary diagnosis,softening inflammation and pain.tissue repair,sterilization,tumor depression,rewarming from hypothermia,and so on.Far-infrared rays play active functions on human body through caloric effects.Now they are developed to be applied in partial medical fields.The emphases of the future studies are about the effects of far-infrared rays based on molecular biology researches and about the extensive applications of far-infrared rays in medicine.

About 50-70% patients will have secondary cardiac damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH),and the cardiac damage will aggravate cerebral ischemia and hypoxia,which may also promote the occurrence of delayed hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. By means of the detections of electrocardiogram,echocardiography,and serum myocardial enzymes,many researchers observe the clinical features and duration of this change and its relationship with the prognosis. This article reviews the advance in research on the causes of early cardiac damage after SAH,as well as the clinical features of the changes of electrocardiogram,echocardiography,and myocardial enzymes.

In recent years, with the rapid development of antibody drugs, the antibody-based therapies have gradually expanded from the cancer and autoimmune diseases to metabolic and infectious diseases and so on. However, the development of antibody-based anti-infective drugs is much slower as there are only two kinds of drugs in the market. This is due to the complex infective mechanism of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens, and the monovalent character of monoclonal antibodies that greatly limit the anti-infection effect of antibody drugs. The development and application of novel technologies, such as recombinant polyclonal antibody technology, will greatly accelerate the development of antibody-based anti-infection drugs. This article will introduce the application and trends in the development of antibody-based drugs in the field of anti-infection therapy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristic of gastritis verrucosa,and improving the recognition and treatment of this disease thereof.Methods:Six hundred and fifty three patients with gastritis verrucosa,who were diagnosed in Tianjin general hospital from March 2003 to February 2009,were studied.All of these patients were examined by electronic gastroscope and conducted biopsy.Patients were detected helicobacter pylori(HP)using 13C urea breath test.Fifty eight patients with HP-positive and fifty patients with HP-negative(moderate and serious grade),were collected and divided into two groups respectively.The patients in HP-positive groups were given lanseprazole(group A)or rabeprazole(group B).Furazolidone and amoxicilin were given in both groups.The patients in HP-negative groups were administered lanseprazole(group C)or cimetidine(group D).The effects of the treatment were observed in this study.Results:There was no specificity in clinical characteristic of gastritis verrucosa.The pathological changes of gastritis verrucosa were mostly located antrum.The pathological manifestations were chronic inflammation and chronic active inflammation with intestinal metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia.The positive rate of HP infection was 72.74%.There was significant different in the relationship between different levels of inflammation and HP infection(P ＜ 0.05).The effect of treatment was better in group A than that of group B(P ＜ 0.05);and better in group C than that in group D(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:There was a correlation between gastritis verrucosa and HP infection.The higher positive rate of HP was correlated with the degree of erosion.For patients with HP-positive,it is better to use the treatment of lansoprazole,amoxicillin and furazolidone.For patients with HP-negative,treatment with lanseprazole was better than cimetidine.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance of Endothelin-1,Tumor necrosis factor-α and Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).MethodsThe serum samples were prepared from 80 cases with COPD and 30 healthy persons.The levels of ET-1,TNF-α and ICAM-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ).Results Levels of ET-1,TNF-α and ICAM-1 in the COPD patients were higher than thosein the healthy cases ( t =4.896,4.621,4.231,all P ＜ 0.05 ).Levels of ET-1,TNF-α and ICAM-1 in the period of AECOPD were higher than those in the cases of the COPD stable time( t =3.346,3.525,3.269,all P ＜0.05 ).ConclusionET-1,TNF-αt and ICAM-1 are involved in airway inflam mation,ET-1,TNF-α and ICAM-1 not only take part in the acute inflammation in COPD,but also closely connected with clinic stages.

Psychogenic diseases is an important etiology thinking in traditional Chinese medicine,and it lays a solid foundation for the bio-psycho-social medical pattern to establish.Follows the principle of treatment based on syndrome differentiation,and bases on the basic pathogenesis of breast cancer stagnation of liver-qi attacking spleen,this article provides a brief overview of the relationship between emotional factors and breast cancer,and therapeutic principle of breast to enrich Chinese medicine theory of Qingzhi.

Objective:To compare the sedative and analgesic effect and safety of dexmedetomidine at different doses combined with lidocaine with intravenous administration after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Methods:Sixty ASAⅠ-Ⅱpatients aged from 18 to 65 years with body weight index of 18-30 kg·m-2 were treated by modified radical mastectomy. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups:lidocaine group (group L, n=20), low dosage dexmedetomidine and lidocaine group (group D1, n=20) and high dosage dexmedetomidine and lidocaine group (group D2, n=20). Group L was intravenously given lidocaine 1. 5 mg·kg-1 before the operation and intravenously infused lidocaine 1. 5 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 during the whole operation process. Group D1 was intravenously infused dexme-detomidine 0. 3μg·kg-1 in 10min before the operation, and intravenously infused lidocaine 1. 5 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 during the whole opera-tion process. Group D2 was intravenously infused dexmedetomidine 0. 6 μg·kg-1 in 10min before the operation, and intravenously in-fused lidocaine 1. 5 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 during the whole operation process. The propofol Ce was recorded when the modified OAA/S reached 3 (Ce3) and BIS reached 80 (Ce80) during the up period, the VAS in the 1st, 6th and 24th hour after the surgery (VAS1-24), and nausea and vomiting in the first postoperative day were also recorded and observed. Results:No difference was found in the demographic data among the 3 groups with modified OAA/S of 3 (Ce3) and BIS of 80 (Ce80). VAS of group D1 and D2 was significantly decreased when compared with group L in the 1st postoperative hour(P<0. 05). In the 6th and 24th postoperative hour, VAS of group D2 was much lower than that of group L and D1(P<0. 05), however, no difference was found between group L and D1. There was no significant difference in the propofol Ce during the up period and the adverse reactions in the 1st postoperative day among the 3 groups. Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine at the dosage of 0. 6 μg·kg-1 combined with lidocaine can significantly reduce the pain and optimize the short-term prognosis after modified radical mastectomy.

China ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Public Health

Objective: To examine the pathologcial changes of glial cells after chronic optic nerve compression, so as to discuss the interaction between the glial cells and neurons. Methods: Thirty adult cats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n= 5), namely, control group, sham operation group, 1-week compression group, 2-week compression group, 4-week compression group, and 8-week compression group. The chronic optic nerve injury model was produced by an inflatable balloon implanted under the optic chiasm in the latter 4 groups. All the animals were sacrificed and perfused; the optic nerves were removed and the cellular responses of the nerves were observed by electronic microscopy; and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) and ED-1 was exmined at various time points by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Under the electron microscopy, the normal optic nerves had integrated myelin structure, clearly and closely arranged neural plate. The optic nerve presented slight demyelination 2 weeks after compression; myelin laminalle dissociating and glial cell degenerating occurred 4 weeks after compression; and the demyelination became more obvious and the most myelin became thiner 8 weeks after compression. No obvious immunohistochemistral changes were found in the optic nerves during the first two weeks of compression. The MBP staining was disturbed and lost at 4 weeks after compression, which became more obvious 8 weeks after compression. The CA II staining in the compressed region was irregular and lost at 4 weeks, which was more obvious at 8 weeks; the staining in non-compressed region was normal. The intensity of GFAP staining was reduced in the compressed region and increased at proximal portion of the nerve at 4 weeks, which became more significant at 8 weeks. The ED-1 positive cells were found in the normal nerve with low density. The positive cells increased around the compressed region at 4 weeks and became more significant at 8 weeks. Conclusion: Glial cell degeneration and death occur in the compressive region afte chronic compression of optic nerve. The proximal portion of the compressed nerve has astrocyte proliferation and microglia activation, indicating that functional change of glial cells may contribute to chronic optic nerve injury.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Defecation ; Female ; Humans ; Ileus ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Middle Aged