This paper aims to elucidate the great impact of Latin, one of the most ancient languages, on the formation and development of English for Medical Purpose(EMP)from the historical point of view, and meanwhile provides it with detailed evidence in phonetic, lexical and grammatical respects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different respiratory mask pressure on the upper airway volume(UAV),and to compare the changes of UAV between patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and normal adults. METHODS Thirty three patients with OSAHS and thirty normal adults were included in this study.CT scan evaluated the UAV from roof of nasopharynx to glottis.UAV under different respiratory mask pressure between patients with OSAHS and normal adults were compared.RESULTS Patients with OSAHS had less UAV,and changes of UAV per cmH_2O were significantly smaller in patients with OSAHS than normal adults.CONCLUSION The results suggest that the quantitative data of UAV and changes of UAV per cmH_2O can be obtained.Upper airway anatomic narrowing and reduced airway distensible degree are major etiological factors for OSAHS.

Executive function is an important advanced cognitive process, and it is the function that integrates different cognitive processes to achieve one's aim. Updating is an important component of executive function. According to the classifications of Miyake & Colletee on executive function, two study paradigms on memory updating are discussed: n-back paradigm & running memory paradigm. A new study method called latent variable analysis and new studies of cognitive neuroscience on memory updating are introduced. Issues on ethics and morality in research on cognitive experiment of psychology are briefly demonstrated to explore appropriate direction for research of executive function in future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)and clinic characteristics and result of coronary artery angiography of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Two hundreds and seven patients for coronary artery angiography were divided into CHD group and control group.Their clinical data and results of coronary artery angiography were analyzed through statistics.Results SUA levels of CHD patients were significantly higher than the control subjects SUA(P

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis can cause severe effect on spinal cord or other tissue and organ sometimes.OBJECTIVE: To establish cirrhosis model with rat liver injured by tetrachloride so as to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences from March 2002 to December 2003. Totally 20 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into cirrhosis group and normal group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Cirrhosis model in cirrhosis group was established with rat liver injured by tetrachloride, but rats in normal group were not treated with any method. After 3 months, total rats in the two groups were perfused and fixed; meanwhile, tissue of spinal cord was taken out for section.Quantity and gray degree of NOS positive cell in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis were measured with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADHP-d) histochemical method and Leica Q500IW image analysis system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups; [2] Distribution of NOS positive cell of rats in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty rats all entered the final analysis. [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups was 60 (P ＞ 0.05). [2] In the area of gray matter of spinal cord, NOS positive cells were mainly distributed over the circumference of central canal, i.e. the Ⅹ layer of spinal cord and intermediolateral nucleus. Color of NADHP-d was positive, and the cellular form was shaped in triangle and fusiform. Cellular nucleus was not colored but color of cytoplasm was deep. The size of cells was moderate mainly of 25 μm. NOS positive cells were generally distributed averagely over intermediate zone of gray matter in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and had no specific changes.CONCLUSION: Expression of NOS in spinal cord of rats in the cirrhosis group and the normal group is probably identical. Distributive characteristics of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in spinal cord suggest that adjustment on low sympathetic nerve of rats with cirrhosis is not different from that of the normal.

Through literature retrieval, the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in peri-anesthesia period are summarized. It is found out that TEAS can reduce anesthetics consumption, relieve stress reaction of surgery, stabilize patients' hemodynamics, reduce surgical complication and improve immune function and quality of recovery; besides, it has protective function on heart, brain, liver, stomach, intestines and so on. However, except certain analgesic effect, the sham TEAS and transcutaneous electrial nerve stimulation do not have other functions of TEAS. The acupoint selection and stimulation parameter of TEAS in assisting anesthesia are still needed be improved and united.
Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; Electric Stimulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

The recent development of process analytical chemistry(PAC) in the past years is reviewed. The content includes process measurement, sensor, chemometrics etc. The future of PAC is also discussed. 62 references are cited

Objective To discuss an effective and practicable mode of health management service by preventing the dangerous factors from causing diseases for 149 sufferer of chronic metabolic diseases and analyzing the results of such prevention.Methods Set standard examining items for collecting health information,which will be input the health information managing system and then be quantitatively assessed.The number of those who have isolated systolic hypertension and chronic metabolic disturbance disease,including hyperlipemia,hyperglycemia,hyperuricemia and fatty liver is 149.These people will be divided into 5 groups and preventions will be conducted against those dangerous factors which could lead to diseases.The results of such prevention will be assessed later.Results Significant changes have been shown in the observation indexes including blood pressure,total cholesterol(CT),triglycerides(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-ch),fasting blood glucose(FBG),uric acid(UA),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and ultrasound scan after the abovementioned preventions.Conclusion The mode of health management service mentioned in this article iS effective and practicable.

Objective To explore the feasibility of two-day laparoscopic cholecysteetomy(LC).Methods The clinical data of 50 patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results All the operations were successful.Condu-sions Two-day laparoscopic cholecystectomy is deserved to spresd which is also safe,available and higher bed rota-tion as well as great patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the number of insoluble particle in total parenteral nutrition(TPN)solutions and to pro-vide reference for clinical application. METHODS:6 kinds of commonly used TPN prescriptions were selected. After prepared ac-cording to sterile operation procedure,TPN at 25℃was investigated at 0,1,4,8 and 24 h in terms of appearance,pH value,os-motic pressure and the numbers of insoluble particles. RESULTS:The appearance and pH value of TPN had no significant change within 24 h after preparation,and osmotic pressures were all lower than 900 mOsm/L. Study results showed that the numbers of in-soluble particles quickly increased,and ≥10 μm and ≥25 μm insoluble particles exceeded the limitation of Chinese Pharmacopoe-ia after Lipid-soluble vitamin for injection were injected into TPN. Medium/long chain fat emulsion injection,water-soluble vita-min,electrolytes and trace elements also increased the numbers of insoluble particles. CONCLUSIONS:Medium/long chain fat emulsion injection,lipid-soluble/water-soluble vitamin,vitamin C,electrolytes and trace elements have certain influence on the number of insoluble particle of TPN. To analyze the reason for the forming of insoluble particles has great meaning both for improv-ing the TPN quality and reducing the harm of particles for patients.