This paper aims to elucidate the great impact of Latin, one of the most ancient languages, on the formation and development of English for Medical Purpose(EMP)from the historical point of view, and meanwhile provides it with detailed evidence in phonetic, lexical and grammatical respects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different respiratory mask pressure on the upper airway volume(UAV),and to compare the changes of UAV between patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and normal adults. METHODS Thirty three patients with OSAHS and thirty normal adults were included in this study.CT scan evaluated the UAV from roof of nasopharynx to glottis.UAV under different respiratory mask pressure between patients with OSAHS and normal adults were compared.RESULTS Patients with OSAHS had less UAV,and changes of UAV per cmH_2O were significantly smaller in patients with OSAHS than normal adults.CONCLUSION The results suggest that the quantitative data of UAV and changes of UAV per cmH_2O can be obtained.Upper airway anatomic narrowing and reduced airway distensible degree are major etiological factors for OSAHS.

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis can cause severe effect on spinal cord or other tissue and organ sometimes.OBJECTIVE: To establish cirrhosis model with rat liver injured by tetrachloride so as to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences from March 2002 to December 2003. Totally 20 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into cirrhosis group and normal group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Cirrhosis model in cirrhosis group was established with rat liver injured by tetrachloride, but rats in normal group were not treated with any method. After 3 months, total rats in the two groups were perfused and fixed; meanwhile, tissue of spinal cord was taken out for section.Quantity and gray degree of NOS positive cell in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis were measured with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADHP-d) histochemical method and Leica Q500IW image analysis system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups; [2] Distribution of NOS positive cell of rats in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty rats all entered the final analysis. [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups was 60 (P ＞ 0.05). [2] In the area of gray matter of spinal cord, NOS positive cells were mainly distributed over the circumference of central canal, i.e. the Ⅹ layer of spinal cord and intermediolateral nucleus. Color of NADHP-d was positive, and the cellular form was shaped in triangle and fusiform. Cellular nucleus was not colored but color of cytoplasm was deep. The size of cells was moderate mainly of 25 μm. NOS positive cells were generally distributed averagely over intermediate zone of gray matter in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and had no specific changes.CONCLUSION: Expression of NOS in spinal cord of rats in the cirrhosis group and the normal group is probably identical. Distributive characteristics of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in spinal cord suggest that adjustment on low sympathetic nerve of rats with cirrhosis is not different from that of the normal.

Executive function is an important advanced cognitive process, and it is the function that integrates different cognitive processes to achieve one's aim. Updating is an important component of executive function. According to the classifications of Miyake & Colletee on executive function, two study paradigms on memory updating are discussed: n-back paradigm & running memory paradigm. A new study method called latent variable analysis and new studies of cognitive neuroscience on memory updating are introduced. Issues on ethics and morality in research on cognitive experiment of psychology are briefly demonstrated to explore appropriate direction for research of executive function in future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)and clinic characteristics and result of coronary artery angiography of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Two hundreds and seven patients for coronary artery angiography were divided into CHD group and control group.Their clinical data and results of coronary artery angiography were analyzed through statistics.Results SUA levels of CHD patients were significantly higher than the control subjects SUA(P

Through literature retrieval, the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in peri-anesthesia period are summarized. It is found out that TEAS can reduce anesthetics consumption, relieve stress reaction of surgery, stabilize patients' hemodynamics, reduce surgical complication and improve immune function and quality of recovery; besides, it has protective function on heart, brain, liver, stomach, intestines and so on. However, except certain analgesic effect, the sham TEAS and transcutaneous electrial nerve stimulation do not have other functions of TEAS. The acupoint selection and stimulation parameter of TEAS in assisting anesthesia are still needed be improved and united.
Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; Electric Stimulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determination of the principal components and the related substances in compound ftibamzone/dyclonine liniment. METHODS: The determination was performed on MACHEREY-NAGEL C18 chromatographic column with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-0.02 mol?L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution-triethylamine (25∶25∶50∶0.3,pH value adjusted to 4.0 by the phosphoric acid) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. The UV detection wavelength was set at 295 nm. RESULTS: A baseline separation was achieved between foreign materials’ peaks and the principal agents’ peaks. The calibration curve of ftibamzone and dyclonine were linear within the ranges of 20.63～72.21 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9) and 20.44～71.54 ?g?mL-1 (r=0.999 9),respectively;the average recovery rate was 98.7% vs. 99.2%;the inter-day RSD was 0.97% vs. 1.10%;the intra-day RSD was 1.52% vs. 1.75%,and the lowest detective limit was 0.4 ng vs. 0.2 ng. The contents of the related substances were ranged from 0.43% to 0.68%. CONCLUSION: This method is simple,rapid,specific,accurate and reproducible,and it can be used for the quality control of the compound ftibamzone/dyclonine liniment.

Objective To investigate the expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and brain and acute leukemia cytoplasm (BAALC) genes and its relationship with prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods A total of 100 adults with newly diagnosed AML were enrolled in the study.All patients were treated with anthracyclines induced chemotherapy combined with cytarabine.The expression levels of MDR1 and BAALC genes were detected,and the relationships with the clinical characteristics of patients with AML,genetic type,therapeutic effect and prognosis were analyzed.Results There was no significant differences in white blood cells,hemoglobin and platelet between patients with high and low expression of MDR1 gene and BAALC gene (P>0.05).There were significant differences in the expression level of MDR1 gene between patients with different chromosome risk stratification (P<0.05) but there was no significant difference in the expression level of BAALC gene (P>0.05).After chemotherapy intervention,CR of patients with high expression of MDR1 gene was significantly lower than patients with low expression of MDR1 gene (60.78% vs.87.76%)(P<0.05),CR of patients with high expression of BAALC gene was slightly lower than patients with low expression of MDR1 gene (67.31% vs 81.25%)(P>0.05).Comparison of median overall survival (OS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with high and low expression of MDR1 gene.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Comparison of median overall survival (OS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with high and low expression of BAALC gene.There was no significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with the expression of BAALC gene,the value of expression of MDR1 gene is higher in evaluating the curative effect in patients with newly diagnosed AML.Combined detection of MDR1 and BAALC genes can improve the accuracy in predicting the prognosis of patients.

The principle of corresponding analysis was introduced.The relationship between the content of trace elements and the efficacy of eleven kinds of Chinese materia medica(CMM) was analyzed by the corresponding analysis.The result showed that the corresponding analysis could reveal the relationship between the efficacy of eleven kinds of CMM and the trace elements content that they contain.According to the analysis,the efficacy of CMM was classified.The result shows that the corresponding analysis is a good method for the efficacy analysis of CMM.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.It likely represents hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD has been estimated to be 20％-30％ in the general population. However, it is much higher in type 2 diabetic patients. Several epidemiological studies indicate that NAFLD is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease( CVD), which is independent of underlying cardiometabolic risk factors. This suggests that NAFLD may also be actively involved in the pathogenesis. The possible molecular mediators linking NAFLD and atherosclerosis(AS) include the release of pro-atherogenic factors by oxidative stress and inflammation as well as atherogenic dyslipidemia, abnormal adipose factors, and insulin resistance, finally aggravating progression of CVD. In this article, the relationship and possible mechanisms between NAFLD and AS are reviewed.