Objective: To establish the quality control standards for Compound Bushen Granule (CBG) (Radix Astagali, Fructus Psoraleae Semen Cuscutae, Fructus Lycii, etc.). Methods: Radix Astragali, Semen Cuscutae, Fructus Lycii in CBG were identified by TLC, and the content of psoralen and isopsoralen were determined by HPLC. Results: Radix Astragali, Semen Cuscutae, Fructus Lycii could be identified by TLC, the psoralen showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.0153?g～0.230?g, r=0.9999 , the average recovery was 102.4%, and RSD was 2.7%, respectively; the isopsoralen showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.0183?g～0.275?g, r=0.9999, the average recovery was 102.4%, and RSD was 2.7% , respectively. Conclusion: The method is accurate and can be used for the quality control of Compound Bushen Granule.

AIM To examined the effect of bFGF on the calcium influx in outer hair cells (OHCs) and its antagonistical effects with streptomycin. The aim of the study is to explore the mechanism of acute ototoxicity of streptomycin and antagonism of bFGF. METHODSE The OHCs of guinea pig were isolated using an enzyme machine methods and loaded with 10 ?mol?L -1 Fluo 3/AM for 30 min at 37℃,then cultured 60 min at room temperature. Individual Fluo 3 loaded OHCs were examined with a confocal microscope (ACAS Ultima, USA) using a 20? objective lens and linear scan mean. The fluorescent images, collected every 5 sec for 300 s, were stored in a computer. The fluorescent intensity of the images were analyzed by the software cooperated with the confocal microscope, and a function curve showing the change trend of fluorescent intensity with time was obtained. RESULTS The OHCs [Ca 2+ ] i hold steady within the process of normal extracellular liquid perfusion. OHCs [Ca 2+ ] i increased when perfused 100 mmol?L -1 high potassium media(10/11) and normal media containing 1 nmol?L -1 bFGF(9/9), but the OHCs [Ca 2+ ] i don't changes in high potassium free calcium media(7/7) and free calcium media containing 1 nmol?L -1 bFGF(8/8). After treated by 1 mmol?L -1 streptomycin, the OHCs [Ca 2+ ] i increased 0/12, 4/8 respectively when perfused high potassium media and bFGF media. And after treated by 1 nmol?L -1 bFGF, high potassium media make OHCs [Ca 2+ ] i increased more obviously and keeping longer time. After treated by 1 mmol?L -1 streptomycin, respectively, 0 1,1 and 10 nmol?L -1 bFGF make 4/11,6/9 and 12/12 OHCs [Ca 2+ ] i increasing when perfused high potassium media. CONCLUSION High potassium media and bFGF perfusion can result in increasing of OHCs [Ca 2+ ] i ,and OHCs [Ca 2+ ] i increase rooted in the calicum influx, there is synergic effects between high potassium and bFGF. The streptomycin can block the process of calcium influx induced by high potassium media and the block effects can be antagonized by bFGF, and the antagonistical effects have bFGF concentration dependence.

Multimedia teaching was not often used in pediatric surgery teaching in department of pediatrics.We used multimedia courseware to assist teaching in clinical teaching for 2007 grade seven-year-program students in Chongqing medical university.Results showed that this method improved students' learning enthusiasm,initiative and interests and laid a good foundation for the smooth development of their clinical practice.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is one of the most common dementia types in the elderly population. Its incidence is only second to Alzheimer's disease. At present, the diagnosis of VaD mainly based on the clinical manifestations, neuroimaging and neuropsychological scales of the patients. It still lacks higher sensitive and specific metabolism indexes. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a noninvasive technique for detecting the energy of living tissues and the changes of metabolism. In recent years, it has been more and more used to patients with VaD and has achieved initial results in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and cognition-related studies of

Endocannabinoid system has several kinds of receptors, all of which have correspondence ligands and pathways of synthesis and degradation, and they belong to G-protein coupled receptors family. Recently studies show that stimulation of cannabinoid receptors has inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal motility and secretion. In this article, we introduce the compositions of the cannabinoid family members, includingtheir receptors, ligands, and antagonists, and their effects on the gastrointestinal motility and secretion. Useful information can be provided for the further study on the effects of endocannabinoid system on gastrointestinal motility and secretion, providing theoretic evidences for clinical use of cannabinoid.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.018

The clinical classification of metastatic spinal tumors is based on the degree of malignancy, nervous system function, osteoclasia, and prognosis of patients. The application of this classification system is relatively simple. The assessment and evaluation of patients to estimate the period of survival can guide the individualized treatment of patients. Patients with clear surgical indications can choose to undergo a palliative operation, tumor resection, or total spondylectomy. Alternatively, other patients can opt to have mini-mally invasive surgery aside from the normal surgical approach. Stereotactic radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy combined with the use of radiofrequency ablation, radiation, and other therapies can achieve local tumor control, relieve pain, and main-tain normal neurological function. Thus, the quality of life of the patient is improved. Percutaneous vertebroplasty, radiofrequency abla-tion, spinal endoscopy, and other modern forms of minimally invasive surgery will have more applications in the treatment of spinal metastatic tumors.

Objective Identifying the factors of psychological pressure from medical disputes on clinical doctors and possible solutions. Methods Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) were called into play, to study 52 clinical doctors in a tertiary hospital in a city, who had encountered medical disputes in recent two years. In parallel, 63 clinical doctors without such disputes and 50 non-clinical workers were randomly selected as the control group for questionnaires. Results Clinical doctors with such an experience were commonly found to be anxious, and their SAS score (58. 27±11.38)averaged higher than those in the control group. Doctor-patient relationship, legal liabilities and clinical positions were found to be positively correlated to psychological pressure of clinical doctors. Conclusions Medical disputes tend to add to psychological pressure of the doctors. Clinical doctors deserve psychological counseling and training and improvement of their working conditions.

Objective To study the effect of different dialysis modalities on pruritus in uremic patients .Methods Patients with maintenance hemodialysis who were suffered with severe cutaneous pruritus were randomly divided into hemodialysis group (HD group) ,hemodialysis combined with hemodiafiltration group (HD+ HDF group) ,hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration combined with hemoperfusion group (HD+ HDF+ HP group) .Plasma P3+ ,parathyroid hormone (PTH) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) were measured at pre-dialysis ,1 weeks ,4 weeks and 12 weeks after dialysis ,cutaneous pruritus was scored too .Results Compared with pre-dialysis ,the level of plasma P3+ ,PTH ,β2-MG and the scores of cutaneous pruritus were significantly lower at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after dialysis in HD+ HDF+ HP group (P<0 .05) .The were statistically significant difference in P3+ ,PTH ,β2-MG and cu-taneous pruritus scores among 3 groups after 12 weeks (P<0 .05) .Conclusion HD+ HDF+ HP is superior to HD+ HDF in effi-ciently clear P3+ ,PT H andβ2-M G ,and relief cutaneous pruritus and itching .

Objective To explore the significance of thyroid function determination at the first and second trimesters of pregnan‐cy .Methods Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the levels of TSH ,FT3 and FT4 in first trimester women (T1 group) ,second trimester women (T2 group) and non‐pregnant women (control group) ,respectively .And the results were an‐alyzed .Results There were significant difference in the levels of TSH ,FT3 and FT4 between T1 group and control group (P<0 .05) .The total prevalence rate of thyroid diseases in pregnant women was 28 .85% ,which was significantly higher than that in control group(15 .00% ) ,P<0 .05 .Hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were the main forms of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women .Conclusion The determination of thyroid function at the first and second trimesters of pregnancy will benefit pre‐natal and post‐natal care .