Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Drug Therapy ; standards ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Infant ; Pediatrics ; Pharmacology, Clinical ; Pharmacovigilance ; Societies, Pharmaceutical

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for determination of Emodin in Yanyan granules.METHODS:The stationary phase was Diamonsil C18(150mm? 4.6mm,5? m)column and the mobile phase was methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid(68∶ 32),with detection wavelength set at 254nm.RESULTS:Within the range of 0.26～ 3.90? g Emodin had a good linearity,and the average recovery was 96.73%(RSD=1.49%).CONCLUSION:The method is accurate,sensitive,reproducible,simple and can be used for the quality control of Yanyan granules.

Vitamin D,an immune regulator,plays an important role in innate immune function of antibacterial peptide.Vitamin D takes part in the innate immune function via toll-like receptor in response to pathogen,then release antibacterial peptide.This study describes the antibacterial peptide constitution and the functions,effection of activeted Vitamin D in innate immune function of antibacterial peptide.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV),a DNA herpusvirusesw,is the most common virus leading to intrauterine infetcion.It is transmitted from mother to fetus through placenta,and the neonates who suffering from congenital symptomatic infections may have sensorineural hearing loss,hepatosplenomegaly,microcephaly,chorioretinitis etc.Studies have suggested that the characters of infections on pregnant women,such as the time of infection,the serological results and virus load in amniotic fluid are associated with the outcome of offsprings.This paper is to review the risk of CMV infections on women at childbearing age,screening of CMV infections on pregnant women and the prenatal diagonosis of fetal CMV infection.

Minimal residual disease(MRD)iS the origin of relapse in leukemia.So it's significant to quantitate MRD in clinical.At present, there are three MRD quantitative assays, such as flow cytometric detection of abnormal immuno-phenotype,polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification of antigenreceptor genes and fusion transcripts.Because every measure has its own principle and feature.the clinical applications are different.Selecting suitable assays based on the characteristic of patients can help to quantitate MRD exactly.

As one of the chronic diseases,asthma,plays a serious impact on human daily life.Asthma in children has showed an increasing trend in recent years,but the mechanisms of asthma are not yet clear.Studies have found that store-operated calcium entry(SOCE) plays an important role in the physiological activity of the body.The enhanced SOCE activity can promote cell growth,proliferation,and migration of a variety of cell types.SOCE important molecules STIM1 and ORAI1 may be involved in the asthmatic airway occurrence of hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling,and closely to the asthmatic development.

In recent studies,it has been demonstrated that the clinical efficacy of surfactant is poor for late protein infants.Besides,this kind of infants have not infection or other risk factors that may lead to respiratory distress syndrome(RDS).Thus,it is speculated that the pathogenesis of RDS of late preterm infants is different from preterm infants.New researches show that,as the key point of Lung fluid transport via Epithelium,α-ENaC plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RDS of late preterm infants through the inhibition of lung fluid clearance and activity of surfactant.This review highlights the most important mechanisms of Lung fluid absorption barrier in RDS of late preterm infants.

AKI is one of the frequent complications of critically ill patients,which is associated with high mortality.RRT is the main treatment,especially CRRT nowadays.But the optimal dosage of CRRT is unclear.In this article,we will review the evidence of CRRT in critically ill patients with AKI.Compared with traditional dosage of CRRT,high dose CRRT did not improve the clinical outcome.There was no difference in mortality rate,time for renal recovery,ICU hospitalization time,or organ failure in both groups,while there were more complications including hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia in the high dose CRRT group.Treatment with high dose CRRT could alter drug metabolism,cause malnutrition,unbalance the electrolyzes and cause hypothermia.So we conclude that traditional dosage of CRRT[20～35 mL/(kg?h)]is applicable for critically ill patients with AKI,but the determination of optimal dose depends on many clinical situations other than clearance of small solutes.

Objectives:To study the distribution status,clinical manifestations and laboratory test characteristics of alpha-thalassaemia gene type in the city of ChongQing to approach the importance of genetic diagnosis for alpha-thalassaemia,and the significance of thia diagnosis for antenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis to promote the survival quality of human being.Methods:This study was performed in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.One hundred and three alpha -thalassaemia patients were involved in this study.They had taken the tests of serum iron(SI),total iron binding capacity(TIBC),transferrin saturation(TS),hemoglobin(Hb)electrophoresis and genetic examination.Retrospective study and prospective study were performed with the results.Results:(1)A total of 72 patients underwent SI,TIBC and TS,and 55.56 %(40/72) patients had SI decreased,TIBC increased and TS decreased.(2) 92 serum samples from these patients had Hb electrophoresis,in which 31.52%(29/92) presented fast band.(3) In this study,there were 82.52%(85/103) deletional alpha-thalassaemia and 17.48%(18/103) non-deletional alpha-thalassaemia.(4) In 85 deletional alpha-thalassaemia,alpha0-thalassaemia was more than alpha+-thalassaemia.Conclusion:(1) Deletion form is the main form of ? thalassaemia in ChongQing.(2) alpha0-thalassaemia is less than alpha+-thalassaemia.(3) Genetic diagnosis is the gold standard for this disease.(4) It should be emphasized that antenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis are important for better lives of human beings.(5) Alpha-thalassaemia can affiliate nutritional iron deficiency anemia(NIDA).

Objective:To discuss the different expression of AQP8 in cultured normal human trophocyte and JAR cell line,and the relationship between the changed expression of the channel protein and nosogenesis of chorionic carcinoma.Methods:The human cultured normal trophocyte was primarily cultured,purified and identified.JAR cell line was cultured.The expression of AQP8 was detected in cultured normal human trophocyte and JAR cell line by immunohistochemistry immunofluorescence confocal laser and RT-PCR.Results:(1)In the control group,the limitied expression of AQP8 was observed in cultured normal human trophocyte and JAR cell line,but in the exprimental group,the rate of positive cell of AQP8 in JAR cell line were 93.27%?14.45%,much higher than that in the control group.(2)By immunofluorescence staining confocal laser imaging,it was revealed that,in the same condition and excitation intensity,AQP8 in the JAR choriocarcinoma cell lines showed positive expression of the green,while in normal trophoblast cells,no green light,but when the excitation intensity was strengthened,it may still explore AQP8 in normal human villous trophoblast cell expression(.3)The expression of AQP8mRNA was detected in both cultured normal human trophocyte and JAR cell line.The OD value(0.98?0.35)of AQP8 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that(0.32?0.04)in the control group.Conclusion:Abnormal overexpression of AQP8 will destroy the external water and electrolyte balance of trophoblast cells,which might be one of the reasons for the occurrence of choriocarcinoma.