Lung nodules are one of the most common pathological changes, thus early detection of lung nodule is very important for the diagnosis medical treatment of lung eancer. In recent years, as the application of multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT), high-resolution CT(HRCT) and low-dose chest CTCLDCT), computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system will be more essential and more important. Since CAD system can improve the working efficiency of doctors and provide service to more patients, has become the research hotspot and achievement has been made in relevant area internationally recently. This review summarizes the basic methods and applieations of computer-aided detection and diagnosis of lung nodule based on CT image.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of EZH2 and p53 protein in primary prostate cancer (Pca) and its clinical significance.Methods High-throughput tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of EZH2 and p53 protein in 48 human prostate cancer specimens without a history of chemo-radiation therapy and 15 cases of benign prostate hyperplasic (BPH) tissues. The pathological characteristics and the relationship of the expression of EZH2 and p53 protein in primary prostate cancer was analyzed. ResultsImmunohistochemical results showed that the positive rates of EZH2 and p53 protein in prostate cancer were 87.50 ％ (42/48) and 33.33 ％ (16/48), respectively, which were significantly higher than that in BPH tissues[13.33 ％ (2/15) and 0 (0/15)](x2=26.429, x2=5.058,P ＜0.05). The expression of EZH2 and p53 protein was significantly related to Gleason score, TNM stage (P ＜0.05), but not to age and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (P ＞0.05). The positive expression in patients with Gleason＞6 was higher than that with Gleason≤6(P ＜0.05).The positive expression in patients with T3-T4 stage was higher than that with T1-T2 stage(P ＜0.05).Spearman rank correlation showed a significantly positive correlation between EZH2 and p53 protein (r=0.294, P ＜0.05). ConclusionEZH2 and p53 protein may participate in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.The overexpression of EZH2 and p53 protein could become an index for the evaluation of the level of malignancy and progression of prostate cancer.Furthermore,combining detection of EZH2 and p53 protein may provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the uncertainty in the content determination of azithromycin granules by microbiological method.METHODS:The origin and degree of uncertainty in the content determination of azithromycin granules by microbiological method were analyzed and evaluated in accordance with the standard given in JJF1059-1999 "Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement".RESULTS:The expanded uncertainty was 5 420.0 IU/bag,and the results of the determination can be expressed as(103 838.0?5 420.0)IU/bag.The uncertainty was chiefly originated from method design,followed by solution dilution.CONCLUSIONS:The degree of uncertainty for the content determination of antibiotic drugs by microbiological method can be effectively reduced by suitable method design and reducing the times of dilution.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise on quality of life in breast cancer survivors.Methods Electronic databases were searched.Randomized controlled trials in which aerobic exercise was compared with controls regarding quality of life in breast cancer survivors were included.Results We analyzed 12 RCT studies.Aerobic exercise significantly improved quality of life in breast cancer survivors.Seven studies which used FACT-B scale concluded that aerobic exercise could significantly improve psychological emotion,social/family function and breast-related function.The aerobic exercise aiming at breast cancer survivors who had already finished all the therapies except endocrine therapy of breast cancer,mainly comprised of short-period intervention programs (within 24 weeks),and was advised to be executed under professionals' supervision to ensure safety.Conclusion Aerobic exercise could effectively improve quality of life in breast cancer survivors,especially in aspects of psychological emotion,social/family function and breast-related function.

According to the 2012 estimates,esophageal cancer(EC)was the fifth commonly diagnosed cancer and the forth leading cause of cancer -related death .The incidence and mortality rates of EC have been increasing in China .Combined -modality therapy for EC is well accepted , and molecular targeted therapy be-comes a research area.Nowadays,multiple agents have been developed and studied in phase Ⅱ/Ⅲtrials,mainly including cetuximab,erlotinib,trastuzumab,bevacizumab.In this review,we focus on the development of molecular targeted therapy for EC .

Objective To investigate the clinical value of bloodβ-hydroxybutyric acid and urine ketone in the diagnosis of diabetic ketosis. Methods One hundred and fifteen patients with non-ketosis diabetics (NDK group), 85 patients with diabetic ketosis (DK group) and 105 healthy people (control group) were enrolled in Chengmai People's Hospital from May 2012 to May 2014. Blood β-hydroxybutyric acid, urine ketone and blood glucose were detected; the correlation index of blood β-hydroxybutyric acid, urine ketone and blood glucose in NDK group and DK group were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed in determining the diagnostic value of bloodβ-hydroxybutyric acid for diabetic ketosis. Results The level of bloodβ-hydroxybutyric acid, positive rate of bloodβ-hydroxybutyric acid, urine ketone and level of blood glucose in DK group were higher than those in NDK group and NC group (P<0.01) . Blood β-hydroxybutyric acid was positively correlated with urine ketone and blood glucose (r=0.552,P=0.000;r=0.405,P=0.010) . When urine ketone was used as diagnostic standard, the area under curve of bloodβ-hydroxybutyric acid was 0.839, the best cutoff value ofβ-hydroxybutyric acid was 0.64 mmol/L with the sensitivity was 81.6%and specificity was 89.2%. Conclusions Examinations of bloodβ-hydroxybutyric acid and urine ketone have great significance for the diagnosis of diabetic ketosis. The co-monitoring of blood β-hydroxybutyric acid and urine ketone can reduce the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The best cutoff value of β-hydroxybutyric acid to diagnose diabetic ketosis was 0.64 mmol/L.

Objective To standardize Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS)-II Chinese version to establish norm of ABAS-II Chinese version (6-18 years old). Methods International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and psychological mea-surement were taken. Results Chinese version of ABAS-II (6-18 years old) was developed. The norms of general scores, main domains scores and adaptive skill scores had been established. Conclusion Chinese version of ABAS-II (6-18 years old) can be applied for the evalu-ation of adaptive behavior for Chinese children aged 6-18 years. The standardized Chinese version of ABAS-II (6-18 years old) meets the re-quirement of reliability and validity of the US version.

Great advances have been made recently in the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia due mainly to the application of novel agents. In the 58th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting, the latest outcomes of many clinical studies have been reported. The present article will review the reports and focus on the following studies on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): the long-term therapeutic outcome of BTKi and the result of combination therapy of BTKi with other agents; the short-term result of bcl-2 inhibitor in CLL; the efficacy of maintenance therapy with lenalidomide in CLL patients; CD19-CAR T-cell therapy achieved good response. Traditional immunochemotherapy with combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab is still the first-line option for fit patients through long-term follow-up. The allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains a curative strategy for CLL but with stricter indication.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics and laboratory outcomes in henoch-schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) patients.Methods Twenty patients with HSPN were respectively studied. The clinical characteristics and laboratory outcomes were compared between patients with different glomerulus and renal tubule pathologic classification respectively. Results Patients with grade Ⅲ had a higher proteinuria rate than those with grade Ⅱ,and the glomerulus and renal tubule pathologic markedly changed in grade Ⅲ than that in grade Ⅱ.The HSPN patients had a higher concentration of IgA,C 3 in plasma and of minimal protein in urine than that in normal groups.Conclusions There are both glomerulus and renal tubule pathologic changes in HSPN patients. The basic pathologic changes are parallel and correlated with clinical manifestation.

Objective To explore the relationship of immunoglobulin A(IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) in children by making comparison in the aspects of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and renal pathology. Methods Process the data of 69 cases of HSPN and 33 cases of IgAN respectively in clinical symptoms' frequency, indices of urinalysis and blood cell count, protein quantity in urine of 24 hours, serum level of immunoglobulins, C3 and C4, as well as renal pathologic results. Results In IgAN group, the incidence of male was higher than that of female, respiratory tract infections usually occur as prodrome. Macroscopic hematuria was the most prominent clinical feature, while rash, joint pain, abdominal symptoms seldom happened. Level of hemoglobin in IgAN group was decreased significantly. There were no significant differences in edema, hypertension, proteinuria degree, level of plasm albumin, level of serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, C3 and C4, as well as the features of renal pathologic changes between IgAN and HSPN.Conclusions IgAN and HSPN have similar features in clinical symptoms,level of immunoglobulins and complements and renal pathology. But it is still under discussion whether they are different stages of the same disease.