Spontaneous abortion is one of the most common gestational conditions, with the morbidity of 1% to 5% in married women. It is a serious problem troubling women at the reproductive age. There are many factors causing spontaneous abortion, among them, spontaneous abortion resulting from endocrine abnormalities can be detected and treated. Prolactin is a major endocrine hormone participating in reproductive regulation and playing an important role in early pregnancy implantation and pregnancy maintenance. When there are unusual levels it is closely related to spontaneous abortion, leading to a necessity to further study the relationship between them. International and domestic research developments in recent years about the correlation between prolactin and spontaneous abortion are discussed in this paper.

Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Academic Dissertations as Topic

In recent years,with the deepening research on autoinflammatory diseases (AID),more and more diseases have been found and included in the AID category.The clinical manifestations of AID are various,but most of them are not specific.Therefore,it is difficult to distinguish AID from infectious diseases,tumors and other autoimmune diseases,which causes misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis.This article aims at discussing about the clinical diagnosis and treatment procedure of AID.

The atrio-ventricular valves of the normal heart in 200 Chinese cadavers of different ages were studied. The right atrioventricular valves were classified into three types and the left were classified into two types, according to the number of the main cusps. It was found that percentage of the second type (53.5%) of the right atrio-ventricular valves was higher than that of the first type (43.5%) and the first type (83.0%) of the left atrio-ventricular valves is in the majority, while the second type (17.0%) represents only a small percentage.An accessory cusp is situated between two main cusps. The accessory cusp was found in the right atrio-ventricular valves of 132 cases (66.0%), the majority of which had only one accessory cusp (95 cases. 72.0%), and among them there were 65 cases (37.4%) in which antero-medial accessory cusps were present. The accessory cusps were found in the left atrio-ventricular valves of 103 cases (51.5%), most of them also had only one cusp (92 cases 89.3%) and among them there were 71 cases (62.3) in which postero-medial accessory cusps were present.If the total number of the main and the accessory cusps was considered, in the right ventriculus, four cusps were found in 40.5% of the cases, five in 29.0%, three in 19.5%, six in 9.0%, two in 1.5%, seven in 0.5%; while in the left ventriculus, three cusps were found in 51.5% of the cases, two in 37.0%, four in 11.0% and five in 0.5%.The size of the valves was measured. In the right ventriculus the postero-medial valve is the broadest (40.1 mm), the postero-lateral valve is the highest (24.5 mm). In the left ventriculus the postero-lateral valve is the broadest (36.9 mm), the antero-medial valve is the hightest (20.8 mm). The associated valves are usually larger than the other common main valves, the diameters of which are larger than that of the accessory valves. The perimeter of left artrio-ventricular ring is 79.69 mm and the right is 97.79 mm.

Phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes play pivotal role in the biotransform and metabolism of exogenous substances, which might influence its ability of metabolism and detoxification to exogenous carcinogens.Polymorphism have been demonstrated in various phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes and etiology studies showed that individuals exposed to the same environment could develop different susceptibility to tumorigenesis due to different metabolic enzyme polymorphism. Here, we summarized the effects of phase Ⅱ metabolic enzyme polymorphism on the risk of cancer.

According to existing problems in polysaccharide determination methods in new Chinese drug applications, the method suitability, chemical reference selection, components interference and method research were introduced. The author suggests that suitable determination method should be selected according to the structure and property of the polysaccharide, and validated. Some influent factors should be examined to assure the accuracy of the method, such as the stability and using amount of the visualizing reagent, visualizing time, maximum detection wavelength etc. Monosaccharide and other water soluble components should be removed from polysaccharide sample, and suitable reference substance and detection wavelength should be selected. It should pay attention to mutual interference of neutral and acidic saccharide, and use inhibitor to eliminate the interference. Because the slopes of the standard curves are different for different monosaccharide, it is proposed that the types and ratios of the monosaccharide in heteroglycan should be understood, and mixed reference substance solution in the ratio is prepared for determination.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Research ; trends ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic rheumatic disease involving the spine and sacral hip.AS is the prototype disease of seronegative arthritis of the spine.Besides the violations of the spine,AS can also lead to violations of the peripheral joints,even the eyes,intestine,aortic root,and other tissues and organs.The pathogenesis of AS has remained unclear.AS,a genetic disease,is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors.Studies have suggested that HLA-B27 is the most critical genes to AS,and forming three kinds of hypotheses associated with HLA-B27.This paper reviews the molecular genetics and pathogenesis of AS.

Research of oncogenes related to thyroid cancer has an important significance to reveal pathogenesis and identify benign and malignant lesions.At the mean time,these genes are helpful to find the reliable and feasible detection means of early diagnosis for thyroid cancer.

Objective To explore clinical effect of sufentanil combined with ropivacaine in interscalene brachial plexus block by ultrasound-mediated.Methods 66 patients received the treatment of interscalene brachial plexus block were divided into group A,B and C randomly.Group A received traditional blind puncture interscalene brachial plexus block with ropivacaine;Group B received interscalene brachial plexus block with ropivacaine by ultrasound-mediated;Group C received interscalene brachial plexus block with combination of sufentanil and ropivacaine by ultrasound-mediated.The operation time,VAS score,pain and movement block onset time,anesthesia fine ratio and incidence of complications were observed and compared.Results The operation times of group B and C were significantly shortened compared with group A(all P ＜0.05) ;The pain and movement block onset time was shortened significantly in group B (all P ＜ 0.05),and more significantly in group C than those in group A (all P ＜ 0.05) ;The VAS score at 30min,60min and 120min after operation of brachial plexus block were significantly decreased in group C than those in group A and B (all P ＜ 0.05) ; Anesthesia fine ratio in group B and C significantly improved than that in group A (all P ＜ 0.05) ; Incidence of complications of group B and C was significantly lower than that in group A after operation of brachial plexus block (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Sufentanil combined with ropivacaine in interscalene brachial plexus block by ultrasound-mediated has good effect and safety,and it can improve the onset time and effect of pain and movement block.

This study was aimed to explore the tic disorders ( TD ) pathogenesis induced by chronic rhinitis . A total of 400 TD children were all investigated with self-made TD general questionnaire , Yale Global Tic Severity Scale ( YGTSS ) , TD diagnostic criteria by DSM-IV , chronic rhinitis diagnostic criteria by Zhu-Fu-Tang Textbook of Pediatrics ( 7th edition ) . A total of 258 TD children accompanied with chronic rhinitis were screened . Levels of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets , immunoglobulins , IL-6 , TNF-α and other related immunological indexes were detected to analyze pathogenesis. The results showed that the nose movement symptom scores of TD children with rhinitis were higher than the score of TD children without rhinitis . The score of arm-lifting and hand movement in TD children with rhinitis was lower than the score in the TD children without rhinitis . And the YGTSS score of TD children with rhinitis was higher than TD children without rhinitis. Compared with TD children without rhinitis, the level of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in TD children with rhinitis was obviously reduced ( P < 0 . 05 ) . Compared with TD children without rhinitis , the level of immunoglobulins in TD children with rhinitis was slightly reduced . The level of IL-6 in TD children with rhinitis tended to increase , but the level of TNF-α tended to reduce . It was concluded that chronic rhinitis is one of the factors to induce TD .