Objective To investigate the injury of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in small intestinal mucosa and the protective role of muscovite.Methods From December 2012 to June 2013,28 healthy volunteers without intestinal mucosal injury showed by capsule endoscopy were selected as objects of this study.Based on computer-generated random number table,the subjects were divided into muscovite group and control group.Subjects of muscovite group orally took muscovite 3 g twice daily,diclofenac 75 mg twice daily and omeprazole 20 mg once a day.The medicine for control group were as same as muscovite group but no muscovite.Patient in both groups took medicines for two weeks.All subjects underwent capsule endoscopy examination after the medication.Before and after the medication,the clinical symptoms of subjects and the changes of small intestinal mucosa under endoscopy were compared.The t-test was performed for comparison between the groups in normally distributed measurement data.For non-normal distributed measurement data,Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison between the groups.Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was implemented for comparison between the groups of count data.Results There were no differences in the incidences of the injury of the intestinal mucosa,ulceration,petechiae and (or) erythema,mucosal exposure between muscovite group (5/14,4/14,3/14 and 1/14,respectively) and control group (10/14,8/14,7/14 and 3/14,respectively) (all P＞0.05).Both the incidences of intestinal mucosal erosions and lymphangiectasis of muscovite group (4/14 and 1/14) were lower than those of control group (10/14 and 8/14) and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =5.143,Fisher's exact test,both P＜0.05).All the number of injury of the intestinal mucosa,ulceration and erosions of muscovite group (0.00(2.00),0.00(1.00),0.00(1.25),respectively) were lower than those of control group (5.50(17.25),2.00(9.75),3.00(5.00),respectively) and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-2.156,-1.988 and -2.338,all P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the number of petechiae and (or) erythema between muscovite group and control group (P＞0.05).In muscovite group,the number of grade zero,one,two,three and four intestinal mucosa injury was nine,zero,one,three and one; in control group was four,zero,two,two and six.There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (Z=-2.108,P＜0.05).In muscovite group,the number of mucosa injury in the upper,middle and lower sections of small intestine was 0.00(0.25),0.00(0.25),0.00(0.75),respectively,and there was no significant difference in the distribution of small intestinal mucosa injury in the group (all P＞ 0.05).In control group,the number of mucosa injury in the upper,middle and lower sections of small intestine was 2.00(4.00),0.00(4.25),3.00(9.75),respectively,and there was statistically significant difference in the distribution of small intestinal mucosa injury in the group (x2 =7.189,P＜0.05).The number of small intestinal mucosa injury in the upper and lower sections of control group was more than that of muscovite group and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.087 and-2.502,both P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Short-term orally taking NSAID lead to small intestinal mucosal injury and muscovite could reduce NSAID-related small intestinal mucosal injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal CLP257 on the bone cancer pain in rats.Methods Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-200 g,were divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),bone cancer pain group (group BCP),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,and CLP257 group.Bone cancer pain was induced by inoculating Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cell suspension (about 1× 105cells) 10 μl into the medullary cavity of the left tibia.On 7th-9th days after establishment of the model,5％ DMSO 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in group DMSO,and 10 μg/μl CLP257 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in group CLP257.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured on 1 day before establishment of the model (T0),on 1st-6th days after establishment of the model (T1-6),and at 4 h after intrathecal administration on 7th-9th days after establishment of the model (T7-9).After the last intrathecal administration,the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) protein and mRNA by Western blot and fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased,and the expression of KCC2 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in BCP and DMSO groups,and the MWT was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of KCC2 protein and mRNA in group CLP257 (P＞0.05).Compared with group BCP,the MWT was significantly increased,and the expression of KCC2 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group CLP257 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group DMSO (P＞0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal CLP257 can attenuate the bone cancer pain in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis for 29 Chinese pedigrees affected with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and assess efficacy of combined next generation sequencing (NGS) and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for the diagnosis. METHODS: NGS and MLPA were used in conjunct to detect variants of TSC1 and TSC2 genes among the probands of the pedigrees. Paternity test was carried out to exclude maternal DNA contamination. Prenatal diagnosis was provided to 14 couples based on the discoveries in the probands. RESULTS: Twenty-seven variants were identified in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes among the 29 pedigrees, which yielded a detection rate of 93.1%. Respectively, 5 (18.5%) and 22 (81.5%) variants were identified in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes. Twelve variants were unreported previously. Prenatal diagnosis showed that five fetuses were affected with TSC, whilst the remaining nine were unaffected. CONCLUSION Above finding has expanded the spectrum of TSC1 and TSC2 gene variants. Combined NGS and MLPA has enabled diagnosis of TSC with efficiency and accuracy.
DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Tuberous Sclerosis/genetics* ; Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein/genetics* ; Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein/genetics*