0.01). There was no recurrence in both groups. Mean hospitalization stay was 8.1 days in the laparoscopy group, whereas it was 11.8 days in the open surgical group. Post- operative fever lasted a mean of 4.1 and 5.4 days in the two groups respectively ( P

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of cystic renal cell carcinoma. Methods 12 cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma have been identified. Imaging studies showed no specific evidence of malignance and the preoperative diagnosis was a complex cystic mass in all but 2.All the 12 cases had been surgically explored,intraoperative pathological examination being undertaken in 9,8 of them demonstrating a malignant cystic renal clear cell carcinoma.Radical nephrectomy was carried out in 7,simple nephrectomy in 3,partial nephrectomy in 1 and one cyst unroofed. Results All the 12 cases were confirmed as cystic renal clear cell carcinoma on pathology.All the patients have been followed up for a mean of 39.5 months and the overall results were excellent with no evidence of cancer recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions Intraoperative pathological examination should be performed in suspected cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma.The prognosis is fair for cystic renal clear cell carcinoma.Nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy is indicated.

Objective To compare the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) with transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).Methods From July 2009 to March 2013,114 patients were treated in our hospital due to renal carcinoma,including RAPN in 45 patients and LPN in 69 patients.Their data were retrospectively reviewed.Clinical and pathological variables,R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score,operation time (OT),warm ischemia time (WIT),estimated blood loss (EBL),drainage volume,the length of hospitalization,estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) outcomes,and complications were analyzed.Results There were no significant differences between the RAPN and LPN group with respect to patient age,sex,tumor laterality,size,R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score,the rate of hilar tumor and preoperative eGFR (P＞0.05).The median OT was shorter in the RAPN group than that in LPN group (165 min vs.196 min,P＜0.05).The median WIT was shorter in the RAPN than that in LPN group (21 min vs.25 min,P＜0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the postoperative eGFR and changing of eGFR within the 2 groups (P＞0.05).The rate of transfusion was similar between the RAPN (2/45) and LPN (4/69) group (P=0.72).There was also no significant difference in EBL (P=0.16).The drainage volume was also similar within two groups (167 ml vs.163 ml,P=0.81).The length of hospitalization was more favorable in the RAPN group (6.5 d vs.8.0 d,P=0.01).In RAPN group,27 cases were clear-cell carcinoma,5 cases were papillary cell carcinoma,2 cases were chromophobe cell carcinoma and 1 1 cases were angioleiomyolipoma.In LPN group,45 cases were clear-cell carcinoma,9 cases were papillary cell carcinoma,3 cases were chromophobe cell carcinoma and 12 cases were angioleiomyolipoma.There was no difference of pathological types between LPN and RAPN groups (P＞0.05).The rate of positive surgical margins was 0％ (0/45) in RAPN group and 1.4％ (1/69) in LPN group (P=0.69).The rates of complication requiring intervention (Clavien grade Ⅲ) were 2.2％ (1/45) and 2.9％ (2/69) in the RAPN and LPN group,respectively (P＞0.05).Median follow up was 12 (4-36) months in the RAPN and 13 (5-34) months in the LPN group.No local recurrence or metastasis occurred in two groups.Conclusions Early comparative outcomes suggest that RAPN has a significant benefit over the LPN in terms of OT,WIT and hospital stay.Meanwhile,it offers equivalent prognosis and postoperative renal function preservation compared with LPN.

Objective To compare outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and open radical prostatectomy (ORP) performed in our hospital.Methods A non-randomized,retrospective comparative study was performed to analysis 302 prostate cancer patients from January 2011 to June 2014.One hundred and ten patients underwent LRP and 192 underwent ORP.There were no significant differences between the LRP and ORP groups with respect to patient age,body mass index,PSA level,Gleason Score,clinical T stage and transrectal ultrasonography prostate volume (P ＞ 0.05).The operating time,estimated blood loss,catheter retaining time,hospital stay time,positive surgical margin rate and urinary control rate were compared between the 2 groups.Results The median operative time of the ORP group and the LRP group was 95 min and 120 min,the difference between groups was significant (P ＜ 0.01).The median duration of hospitalization of the 2 groups was 9 d and 6 d,the difference between groups was significant (P＜0.01).ORP group and LRP group's estimated blood loss was 350 ml and 250 ml.Days of tube drainage were 3 d in both groups.Days of urinary catheterization drainage after surgery were 16 d and 15 d,respectively.Positive margin rate was 10.4％ and 12.7％.Urinary continence recovery rates at 3 month were 80.2％ and 70.8％.Urinary continence recovery rates at 6 month were 85.9％ and 87.3％.No significant difference was observed in the above index (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with ORP,LRP has shorter hospital stay time and longer operating time.Both LRP and ORP have good outcomes in oncological control and function rehabilitation.Both of them are important procedures to treat localized prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) C and D in gastric cancer and its relationship with tumor angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry(SABC) and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D protein and mRNA in 32 gastric cancer tissues and 32 normal gastric tissues. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in gastric cancer tissue was significantly higher than that of normal gastric tissues (P<0.01), the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in the gastric cancer group and the lymph node metastasis group were significantly different (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in gastric carcinoma was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in well-differentiated carcinoma, moderately differentiated carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma was statistically different (P<0.05). VEGF-C and VEGF-D expressions in gastric cancer cells were not related to the patient's age, sex, and lymph node distant metastasis (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The non-intake high expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in gastric cancer cells is closely related to lymph node metastasis. They serve as the important reference indicator to assess the prognosis in gastric cancer patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D ; genetics ; metabolism

Sarcopenia is a progressive syndrome associated with aging, generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength and function.It is closely related to the occurrence of adverse events such as ambulatorydysfunction, falls and fractures in the elderly, and seriously affects the quality of life of the elderly.The etiology of sarcopenia has not been fully elucidated.Various pathophysiological mechanisms such as reduced exercise, genetic factors, age-related hormone changes, malnutrition and insufficient protein intake, decreased neuromuscular function, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and myocyte apoptosis are possible factors.Recent studies have found that intestinal microecological changes may be implicated in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia.In this article, we reviewed intestinal microecological changes and their possible role in the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia.