On 486 patients with urolithiasis, 40 strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated, in which 29/221 (13.12%) from bladder and 11/545 (20.37%) from kidney. The most common of serotype were P11, P8. The bacteria were sensible to new antibiotics
Urinary Calculi ; Leukocidins

Staphylococcus aureus is a well-recognized human pathogen that causes a wide range of infections as a result of its extensive virulence factors. One of these factors is Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a potent pore-forming cytotoxin that has been linked to invasive S. aureus infections. PVL is one of the important virulence factors for S. aureus and has been largely recognized as one of the markers for community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus. However, the presence of PVL in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infections is not widely reported in the literature. Thrombotic sequelae of S. aureus infections associated with PVL expression are uncommon in children. We hereby report two children with thrombotic complications associated with PVL-producing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. Both patients responded well to antibiotic and anticoagulant therapies, and survived without any long-term sequelae.
Child ; Humans ; Leukocidins ; Methicillin Resistance ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus ; Virulence Factors

The advent of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has been a worldwide threat to public health for the past decade. We report a fatal case of infective endocarditis caused by a non-USA300, Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin-negative CA-MRSA clone. This is a serious case of CA-MRSA infection caused by a sequence type (ST) 72 clone, which is one of the common CA-MRSA clones circulating in Korea where serious CA-MRSA infections have been rare.
Bacterial Toxins ; Clone Cells ; Endocarditis ; Exotoxins ; Korea ; Leukocidins ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Public Health ; Staphylococcus aureus

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by community-associated (CA)-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become a worldwide concern. An otherwise healthy 16-month-old Korean girl was admitted because of skin abscess on the left chest wall with a history of recurrent SSTIs since the age of 6 months. Immunologic evaluation including serum immunoglobulin level and nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) test were normal. Pus and nasal swab cultures revealed CA-MRSA ST714-SCCmec type IV with the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes, which was initially reported in the Netherlands in 2006 and has not been previously reported in Korea. The skin abscesses were successfully treated by needle aspiration and the use of antibiotics. In addition, nasal mupirocin was applied as a decolonization method. No more episodes of SSTI were observed over a follow-up period of 10 months.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Infant ; Korea* ; Leukocidins ; Mupirocin ; Needles ; Netherlands ; Skin* ; Soft Tissue Infections* ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Suppuration ; Thoracic Wall

Methcillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as an important cause of community-acquired infections, which has been recently designated as community-associated (CA) MRSA. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-negative multilocus sequence type 72 (ST72)-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV has been reported as the predominat CA-MRSA strain in Korea and is commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections in addition to healthcare-associated pneumonia. However, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) for this strain has not yet been reported. We hereby report two cases of CAP caused by PVL-negative ST72-SCCmec type IV strain in patients who had no risk factors for MRSA acquisition. While CA-MRSA infections are not yet prevalent in Korea, our cases suggest that CA-MRSA should be considered in cases of severe CAP, especially for cases associated with necrotizing pneumonia.
Bacterial Toxins ; Community-Acquired Infections ; Exotoxins ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocidins ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Pneumonia ; Risk Factors ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Sprains and Strains ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens worldwide. This study was performed to investigate the characterization of MRSA isolated from healthy persons in Gwangju area. A total of 404 nasal swab samples was collected during October 2011 and May 2012 in Gwangu, Korea. A survey on MRSA was conducted with meat distributors (n=230), pre-school children (n=108), officers (n=66), respectively. To confirm the MRSA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the S. aureus specific gene and mecA gene was performed. A total of 34 (8.4%) MRSA isolates was isolated from 404 nasal swab samples: 6.1% (14/230) from meat distributors, 16.7% (18/108) from pre-school children, and 3.0% (2/66) from officers samples, respectively. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance observed in the MRSA isolates was to ampicillin 100% (34/34), followed by penicillin 97.1% (33/34), oxacillin 94.1% (32/34) and erythromycin 52.9% (18/34). All MRSA isolates were then characterized by panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl) gene detected by PCR, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with Sma I digestion. 34 MRSA isolates from nasal carriage were pvl gene negative, SCCmec type IV; 73.5% (25/34), type II; 17.6% (6/34), type III; 2.9% (1/34), and untypable; 5.9% (2/34), respectively. 34 MRSA isolates showed 16 PFGE patterns. These results indicated that isolation rates of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) from healthy persons were low (8.4%), but continuous surveillance and monitoring should be performed to prevent the spread of MRSA in the community.
Adenosine ; Ampicillin ; Bacterial Toxins ; Child ; Digestion ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Erythromycin ; Exotoxins ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocidins ; Meat ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Oxacillin ; Penicillins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

The molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylocoagulase (SC) genotyping, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, accessory gene regulator (agr) typing, and the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). Among the 44 S. aureus isolates from nares in neonates between March and June 2014 at hospital in Busan, 27 (61.4%) were MRSA and 17 (38.6%) were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). The most prevalent clone in MRSA isolates was ST72-SC type Vb-SCCmec IV-agr I (n=26) and the remaining one was ST89-SC type I-SCCmec II-agr II. In MSSA isolates, the prevalent clone was ST121-SC type Va-agr IV (n=13), followed by ST72-SC type Vb-agr I (n=2), ST8-SC type III-agr I (n=1) and ST15-SC type X-agr II (n=1). All isolates did not possess the PVL. The data showed that the neonates in NICU carried high prevalence of ST72 MRSA and remarkably different clones with SC diversity between MRSA and MSSA isolates.
Busan ; Clone Cells ; Coagulase ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal* ; Leukocidins ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Prevalence*

The prevalence and molecular characteristics of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (CA-MSSA) from children with skin infection were investigated by staphylocoagulase (SC) typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), SCCmec typing and virulent toxins, including Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL), and exfoliative toxins (ET). Among 69 cases of CA-S. aureus for a 3 month period from March to June, 2014 at hospital in Busan, 28 (40.6%) were MRSA and 41 (59.4%) were MSSA. Of the 28 CA-MRSA isolates, two major clones were identified as SC type Vb-ST72-SCCmec type IV (53.6%) and SC type l-ST89-SCCmec type II variant (42.8%), and the remaining one (3.6%) was SC type lll-ST8-SCCmec type IV. In CA-MSSA, the prevalent clone was SC type Vb-ST72 (29.3%), followed by SC type Vb-ST188 (21.9%), SC type Va-ST121 (19.5%) and SC type lV-ST30 (9.6%). None was positive for PVL gene, and all of the SC type l-ST89-SCCmec type II variant clones were ETB gene positive. The data suggest that there are significant clonal relatedness with specific SC types, and genetic diversities in both community strains isolated from children with skin infections.
Busan ; Child* ; Clone Cells ; Coagulase ; Exfoliatins ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocidins ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Prevalence ; Skin* ; Staphylococcus aureus*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogen causing soft-tissue pyogenic infection in neonate.

METHODSThe isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained from liquor puris and blood by routine method. The Automated Microbiology Analyzer was used for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolates. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were determined by multiplex PCR in the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the sequence types (STs) of the isolates. The genotypes of SCCmec were also determined by another multiplex PCR in the isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

RESULTSIn 3 cases of neonate with soft-tissue pyogenic infection, 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from liquor puris in 2 cases. 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from liquor puris and blood from another case. All 4 isolates were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains carrying PVL genes. Their SCCmec types were SCCmec IIIA. The STs of 4 isolates were ST88. The antimicrobial-resistance profile of the isolates were the same except erythromycin.

CONCLUSIONSoft-tissue pyogenic infection in the 3 neonates was caused by the same clone of MRSA carrying PVL genes.

Bacterial Toxins ; genetics ; Exotoxins ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukocidins ; genetics ; Male ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; genetics ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Soft Tissue Infections ; microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections ; microbiology

Community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes have recently emerged worldwide, but infections due to PVL carrying CA-MRSA strains have never been reported in Korea. We report a case of extensive perianal abscess due to PVL+ CA-MRSA in a 76-year-old Korean female patient, of which genetic background was very close to USA300. It belonged to staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) type IV, ST8 of multilocus sequence typing (MLST), type 1 spa type, and accessory gene regulator locus (agr) group I. Comprehensive literature reviews from the Far East showed molecular characteristics were diverse and PVL genes were infrequently found than in western countries.
Abscess ; Aged ; Bacterial Toxins ; Exotoxins ; Far East ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocidins ; Lifting ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Staphylococcus aureus