OBJECTIVETo report a case of blastic natural killer cell leukemia with an aggressive clinical course.

METHODSThe characteristics of blastic NK cell leukemia and its treatment were discussed with review of literatures.

RESULTSAfter combination chemotherapy and spinal cord segmental radiotherapy, the patient entered hematological remission, but the extramedullary lesion remained unchanged.

CONCLUSIONBlastic NK cell leukemia has an aggressive clinical course with poor response to treatment and unfavorable prognosis.

Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; pathology ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; pathology ; therapy ; Leukemic Infiltration ; Male

Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; pathology ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; diagnosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase or Pin1) in malignant hematopoietic cells and its relation with cell cycle.

METHODSRealtime quantitative PCR with fluorescence probe hybridization was used to measure expression of Pin1 mRNA in malignant hematopoietic cell lines and normal mononuclear cells separated from bone marrow. HeLa cells were blocked with Thymidine and Nocodazole in different cell phases and then the expression of Pin1 mRNA and protein were detected by realtime-PCR and immunoblotting.

RESULTSThe expression of Pin1 in malignant hematopoietic cell lines was significantly higher than that in normal controls (0.339 +/-0.093 compared with 0.038 +/-0.005, P<0.01). Its expression in myeloid malignant hematopoietic cell lines was significantly higher than that in normal controls (0.388 +/-0.115 compared with 0.038 +/-0.005, P<0.01) and so was the malignant lymphocytic cell lines (0.226 +/-0.166 compared with 0.038 +/-0.005, P<0.01). The expression of Pin1 was closely correlated with cell cycle. It was the highest in G1 phase and the lowest in S phase (110.762 +/-16.737 compared with 4.080 +/-0.634, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONPin1 is overexpressed in malignant hematopoietic cell lines and its expression is different during cell cycle that is highest in G1 phase and lowest in S phase.

Cell Cycle ; physiology ; G1 Phase ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; enzymology ; pathology ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; enzymology ; pathology ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; S Phase ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

B-Lymphocytes ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid ; pathology

Chromosomal translocations of the human mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene have been analyzed for more than 20 yr at the molecular level. So far, we have collected about 80 direct MLL fusions (MLL-X alleles) and about 120 reciprocal MLL fusions (X-MLL alleles). The reason for the higher amount of reciprocal MLL fusions is that the excess is caused by 3-way translocations with known direct fusion partners. This review is aiming to propose a solution for an obvious problem, namely why so many and completely different MLL fusion alleles are always leading to the same leukemia phenotypes (ALL, AML, or MLL). This review is aiming to explain the molecular consequences of MLL translocations, and secondly, the contribution of the different fusion partners. A new hypothesis will be posed that can be used for future research, aiming to find new avenues for the treatment of this particular leukemia entity.
Alleles ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Leukemia/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/chemistry/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Translocation, Genetic

Normal hematopoietic B progenitor cells are similar with acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells in terms of morphology and immunophenotypes which easily result in misdiagnosis of diseases. This study was purposed to explore the importance of B progenitor cell (BPC) level in differential diagnosis of hematologic diseases. A total of 664 specimens including 87 specimens from patients with non-malignant hematologic diseases as control and 577 specimens from AL patients in different progressive stage were analyzed. Out of 577 specimens 26 were collected from ALL patients, 261 were collected from B-ALL, 290 were collected from AML. The relation of different clinical status (new diagnosis, remission, relapse), age and degree of leukemia cell involvement with hematopoietic BPC level were analyzed through identification of CD34/CD10/CD19/CD45 antibody combination and quantification of hematopoietic BPC. The results indicated that (1) CD45 distributed from positive to weak positive, and with very low side scatter. The early hematopoietic BPC expressed CD34⁺, along with increasing of cell maturation, the CD34 expression gradually disappeared, while CD19 and CD10 showed positive in whole stage of hemaropoietic BPC, and early CD10 highly was expressed. (2) the mean percentage of hematopoietic BPC was 1.36% in control group, 0.60% in T-ALL, 1.39% in B-ALL and 0.80% in AML; the detected rate of hematopoietic BPC in control, T-ALL, B-ALL and AML were 87.4%, 61.5%, 83.5%, 75.9%, respectively; the mean percentage of hematopoietic BPC was 0.37% at new diagnosis, 1.66% in remission and 0.55% in relapse. (3) along with increase of age, the hematopoietic BPC level generally disclined. (4) specimens >5% hematopoietic BPC were mainly found in remission stage of leukemia patients. It is concluded that the hematopoietic BPC are present in malignant and non-malignant hematologic diseases. The changes of hematopoietic BPC level correlate with disease state, age and leukemia cell involvement. The increased hematopoietic BPC level are observed most often in the patients with remission after themotherapy. It should be carefully to diagnose and discriminate between malignant and benign cells with double positive CD19 and CD10. Use of multiparametric flow cytometry and optimal antibody combination are important for discriminating hematopoietic BPC from minor residual disease and accuratly diagnosing diseases and evaluating curative effectiveness.
Acute Disease ; Cell Differentiation ; Flow Cytometry ; Hematopoietic System ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the pathological type and clinical features of patients with lymphoma cell leukemia (LML).

METHODSAccording to the 2008 WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, the pathological type and clinical features of 127 LML cases were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThere were 15 kinds of NHL developed LML. The incidence in frequent order of them was B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. The LML of T and B cell subtypes were 45 and 74, respectively. There was a significant difference in overall survival between T-LML and B-LML (P < 0.01). Eighty one patients presented LML at the same time of the NHL diagnosis and 46 during the course (1 - 88 months) of disease. Primary nodal and extranodal NHLs developed LML were 96 and 31 cases, respectively. The clinical manifestations of LBL and SLL patients differed from that of ALL and CLL patients.

CONCLUSIONLML is not a rare manifestation of NHL. Pathological types of NHL developed LML are 15 kinds in our patients. The clinical features of LML patients are somewhat special, especially for primary extranodal LML patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; classification ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to explore the effects of insulin on expression of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) in Reh cells and promoting effect on proliferation of Reh cells. The proliferation of Reh cells were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The expression levels of IR and IGF-IR mRNA in Reh cells at different times were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that insulin promoted the proliferation of Reh cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Compared with the control group, insulin promoted the proliferation of Reh cells obviously (P < 0.05). When Reh cells were treated with insulin 10(-9) mol/L for 24, 48 and 72 h, the relative quantity of IR expression (2(-ΔCt1)/2(-ΔCt2)) was 2.2520 ± 0.7431, 1.9956 ± 0.9692 and 3.9766 ± 1.3189, respectively, the relative quantity of IGF-IR expression was 1.0803 ± 0.2238, 1.6026 ± 0.6158 and 3.1013 ± 0.1008, respectively, compared with the control group. The expression levels of IR and IGF-IR mRNA in Reh cells treated with insulin were obviously increased compared with the control group. It is concluded that insulin promotes the proliferation of Reh cells. The high expression levels of IR and IGF-IR may closely related with the growth of leukemia cells.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin ; metabolism

The threshold of cyclin E expression at G1/S boundary is a characteristic feature of cell cycle progressing. In this study, we tried to develop a quantitative approach to analyze cyclin E threshold by multiparameter flow cytometry. The expression of cyclin E in exponentially growing MOLT-4 cells was detected under different photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages by cyclin E/DNA multiparameter flow cytometry. Additionally, cyclin E was detected in cells which were treated with caffeine and cycloheximide (CHX) under the same PMT voltage. Moreover, the expression of cyclin E in MOLT-4 cells was compared with that in JURKAT cells. Cyclin E threshold was quantified by formula B2/AxC (A, B, C indicates the minimum, threshold, and maximum of cyclin E fluorescence intensity, respectively). Results showed that in MOLT-4 cells, cyclin E threshold calculated by formula B2/AxC was invariable under different PMT settings. It was decreased in cells treated with caffeine and remained changeless in cells treated with cycloheximide. Cyclin E threshold in JURKAT cells was much lower than that in MOLT-4 cells. It was suggested that Formula B2/AxC we firstly set up could be used to analyze cyclin E expression threshold quantitatively.
Caffeine/pharmacology ; Cell Cycle/*physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin E/*analysis ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; DNA, Neoplasm/*analysis ; Flow Cytometry/methods ; Jurkat Cells ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology

OBJECTIVETo prepare fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) directly conjugated to monoclonal antibody (McAb) anti-human CD14, ZCH-7-2F9 (2F9-FITC).

METHODSAfter generation and purification, the purity and the murine immunoglobulin subtype of the antibody were evaluated with SDS-PAGE and multicolor flow cytometry (FCM). 2F9 McAb was directly labeled with FITC through modified Marsshall's method and the positive rate of the 2F9-FITC on different types of leukemic cells were compared with the standard CD14-FITC by FCM.

RESULTA large quantity of purified 2F9 McAb was prepared. The subtype of 2F9 was murine IgG1kappa. 2F9-FITC was successfully manufactured with A295/A280 ratio of 0.44. The positive cell percentages of 2F9-FITC and CD14-FITC on the monocytes were 84.50% and 90.08%, respectively, while those on lymphocytes were only 0.52% and 1.01%. There was no significant difference between the CD14 expressions with 2F9-FITC and CD14-FITC on each type of leukemia (n=23, t=0.922, P=0.367).

CONCLUSION2F9-FITC has been successfully prepared and it can be applied in diagnosis and differentiation of monoblastic leukemias.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; analysis ; chemical synthesis ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; pathology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; pathology ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Monocytes ; cytology