Treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia at the Center of Hematology and Blood Transfusion of Ho Chi Minh city. A ten-year survey 1990-2000. Among 1,317 patients diagnosed as ALL during the past ten years, 197 of them have followed a full-term treatment according to either BGMT protocol, for adults, or FRALLE, for children. The percentage of patients achieving CR is comparable to foreign authors, but the DFS of our patients is clearly lower: 45% (5 years) and the Medicum Remission Duration (MRD) is 48 months for children and DFS = 35% (5 years) MRD = 9 months for adults. Risk factors influence significantly on the issue of therapy; children have better prognosis than adults; patients who have myelois cell marker(s) get poorer result than those who have not. Relapse occurs mostly in the bone marrow, rather than neuro-menigeal and gonadic sites.
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute ; therapy ; therapeutics

In 2001-2002 period, at the Hospital of Hemotology and Blood Transfusion of Ho Chi Minh, a cross-sectioncal analytic descriptive study was carried out covering 92 cases thrombocyte transfusion for 67 patients with acute myoblastic and lymphoblastic leucemia. The results were analogue with those obstained by foreign authors concerning the indices of assessment of the efficacy of thrombocyte transfusion. The number of thrombocytes in a condensed unit of blood plaquettes obtained on the apparatus of extraction and isolation in comparing with body weight of Viet Nam subject had created optimal doses of thrombocyte transfusion in patients without associated factors increasing the consumption of blood plaquettes and these are the doses possibly attained in Vietnamese blood donor
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute ; Platelet Transfusion ; Blood

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*

Cancer Relapse ; Ocular ; Patients ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute ; Case Report

In order to improve the recognition of myeloid/natural killer cell acute leukemia and to reduce misdiagnosis, one case of myeloid/natural killer cell acute leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) was reported and the related articles published were reviewed. A series of clinical tests, the morphologic and immunophenotypic analysis of leukemia cells, cytogenetic and molecular biological examinations were performed. The results indicated that the patient had anemia, thrombocytopenia and leucocytosis, but no evidence of lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. The morphology of leukemia cells was similar to that of abnormal promyelocytic cells, especially the variant of M3 (M3v) leukemia cells. The leukemia cells expressed CD117, CD33, CD15, CD56 and cMPO, but did not express CD34, HLA-DR, CD13 and CD16. Abnormal cytogenetics with del (7) (q22q32) was found. Neither t(15;17) nor PML/RARα gene rearrangement was detected. The patient failed to show a differentiation-induction response to all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA). In conclusion, the myeloid/natural killer cell leukemia is extremely rare. It is very important to distinguish the disorder from APL/M3v. The patient with myeloid/natural kill cell acute leukemia should be treated with chemotherapy as acute myeloid leukemia.
Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic ; diagnosis ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; diagnosis ; etiology

The expression of the WT-1 gene which is found exclusively in human leukemic blasts frequently disappears from bone marrow of leukemia patients in complete remission (CR). Using semiquantitative RT-PCR, we investigated the expression of the WT-1 gene in peripheral bloods (PBs) of 33 patients with acute leukemia (AML 26; ALL 7) and monitored its expression after achievement of CR. None of the 6 normal controls expressed detectable levels of WT-1 transcripts (< 10(-4), background level), whereas 31 (93.9%) of 33 patients expressed variable levels of WT-1 transcripts (range, 10(-4) to 10(1)) at diagnosis. The level of WT-1 expression was not different between AML and ALL. By monitoring WT-1 gene expression in PB of 31 patients during CR, 5 patients relapsed (two from the 18 patients with undetectable levels of WT-1 gene expression and three from the 13 with WT-1 gene expression in low levels). Three of the 5 relapsed patients showed preceding reappearance or rise of WT-1 gene expression. From these results, we reconfirmed that the WT-1 gene is a pan-acute leukemic marker, which can be used to monitor minimal residual leukemia (MRL) after chemotherapy or in patients with CR.
Gene Expression/physiology* ; Human ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute/genetics* ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute/blood* ; Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute/genetics* ; Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute/blood* ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Nephroblastoma/genetics* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Markers, Biological

The relationship between glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) M1, T1 genotype and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was investigated. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in genomic DNA from 67 children with ALL and 146 healthy controls were analyzed by using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of GSTM1, M1-T1 null genotypes in ALL children were significantly higher than in the healthy controls (76.12% versus 52.74%, OR=2.856, P<0.001; 50.74% versus 24.66%, OR=3.148, P<0.001, respectively). However, there was no significant relationship between GSTT1 null genotype and ALL of children (61.19% versus 49.32%, OR=1.621, P>0.05). It was suggested that GSTM1 null genotype might be a risk genotype of childhood ALL, while there as no correlation between GSTT1 null genotype and childhood ALL.
Genotype ; Glutathione Transferase/*genetics ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics

An RT-PCR assay detected the t(4;11) translocation in two infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Case P76 was a 10-month-old, female infant, who presented with a WBC of 137.4 x 10(9)/l and a pre-pre-B ALL immunophenotype. Case P120 was a 6-month-old female infant, with a WBC > 615 x 10(9)/l and a pre-pre-B ALL immunophenotype. RT-PCR of cDNA from both these cases generated a 656 bp and a 542 bp respectively, which sequencing confirmed as t(4;11) fusion transcripts. The primers and conditions selected for this assay are compatible with a one-step multiplex PCR for the main translocations in childhood ALL.
Lower case tea ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; L ; Lower case ecks

In leukemia, exophthalmos may be caused by retrobulbar hemorrhage or leukemic cell deposit in the orbital cavity. Exophthalmos lead by orbital infiltration occurs frequently in acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia but only rarely in myelocytic leukemia. Two-third of patient with myelocytic leukemia present with fundus changes such as papilledema, tortuous retinal vein and retinal hemorrhages. A 13 year old Korean girl with exophthalmos (O.S.) was found to have acute myelocytic leukemia in 2 months after she begun to have unilateral proptosis. Her both fundi were normal. She was improved by administration of cytoxan and prednisolon, and left exophthalmos was recovered by irradiation of Co60 on the left orbit.
Adolescent ; Cyclophosphamide ; Exophthalmos* ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Orbit ; Papilledema ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Vein ; Retrobulbar Hemorrhage

The study was purposed to investigate the expression of CD73 on bone marrow nucleated cells (BMMNC) in various leukemia subtypes and its relationship with cell differentiation of leukemia. Immunocytochemistry staining and Wright-Giemsa staining of BMMNC from 75 cases of leukemia, 11 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 13 cases of non-leukemic patients and 9 healthy adults were performed, and the CD73(+) ratio in BMMNC and its relationship with differentiation of leukemia cells were analyzed. The results showed that the ratios of CD73(+) in BMMNC of com-B ALL, pre-B ALL and PLL were significantly higher than those in B-CLL (p < 0.05). CD73(+) ratios in AML subtypes of M(1), M(2a), t (8; 21), t (15; 17), M(4) and M(5) were markedly higher than those in MDS respectively, but in M(6) and MDS were lower and had no statistical difference between them. CD73(+) ratios in T-ALL, B-CLL, M(6), MDS, non-leukemia patients and healthy adults were close to each other and all of them were lower than those in B-ALL and other AML subtypes. It is concluded that the expression of CD73 is associated with leukemia subtype, differentiation and development. The higher differentiation of leukemia cells, the lower of CD73 expression in myeloid and B lymphoid leukemia, but T-ALL does not meet this pattern.
5'-Nucleotidase ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; metabolism ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; metabolism ; Young Adult