OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and characteristics of drug-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) causing lower respiratory infection, for rational using of antibiotics in clinical practice. METHODS A retrospective analysis on S. aureus isolates and their drug-resistance characteristics were carried out. These strains were isolated from lower respiratory specimens in clinical laboratory of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 2007 to Dec 2007. RESULTS Among 94 strains, 69 were meticillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA), accounting for 73.40%. All MRSA strains were resistant to penicillin G, while sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Resistant rate to chloramphenicol was 7.24 %. The average resistance rate of MRSA to quinolones, macrolides and aminoglycosides were relatively high (56.52-98.55%). And resistant rate of MRSA was higher than the meticillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) in average level. CONCLUSIONS Hospitals at all levels are proposed to strengthen drug resistance supervising so as to prevent the infection breaks.

The roles of NF-kappaB (NF-kappaB) expression, Bax activity and cytochrome C (Cyt C) release, apoptosis of islet cells induced by high concentration glucose were explored in vitro. Pancreatic islet cells, which were isolated from Kunming mice, were cultured with different concentrations of glucose in DMEM, and divided into the following groups: G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6 groups, corresponding to the glucose concentrations of 5.6, 7.8, 11.1, 16.7, 22.5, and 27.6 mmol/L, respectively. After culture for 120 h, insulin secretion was evaluated by radioimmunoassay, and the NF-kappaB expression was detected by immunocytochemistry. Bax activity and Cyt C release were measured by immunofluorescence, and apoptosis was examined by Hoechst33342 assay. The results showed that in G1, G2 and G3 groups, insulin secretion was enhanced with the increase of glucose concentration, and the NF-kappaB expression was also increased (P<0.05), but Bax activity, Cyt C release and apoptosis rate showed no significant difference among them. However, in G4, G5, and G6 groups, apoptosis rate of islet cells, NF-kappaB expression, Bax activity, and Cyt C release were all significantly increased, and insulin secretion was impaired as compared with G1, G2, and G3 groups (P<0.05). It was concluded that the exposure of islet cells to high glucose could induce islet cells apoptosis as well as impaired insulin secretion. The NF-kappaB signaling pathway and mitochondria pathway in islet cells might play some roles in the progressive loss of islet cells in diabetes. The inhibition of the NF-kappaB expression could be an effective strategy for protecting pancreatic islet cells.

Objective To analyze the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) composition in patients with T2DM. Methods All subjects were from Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan university, and they were divided into three groups: normal control ( n = 94 ), T2DM ( n = 101 ) and T2DM with hyperlipidemia ( n = 77 ). Fasting blood samples were taken from the participants, and plasma FFA were separated using a modified Doles method with the bromoacetophenone, pre-column-derivative. The quantitation of FFA was performed on were (355.63 ± 100. 35) μmol/L, (421.21 ± 200. 83 ) μ mol/L, ( 473.04 ± 213.40 ) μmol/L in healthy controls, T2DM group and T2DM with hyperlipidemia group, respectively. The significant differences were observed among the 3 groups(x2 = 13.08, P <0.01 ). However, there was no significant difference of UFA concentrations among the 3 groups [(206.29± 61.94) μ mol/L, (218.11 ± 110.28) μmol/L and ( 240.94 ± 116.79 ) μmol/L, x2 = 2.17, P > 0.05]. Compared to normal control [( 355.63 ± 100.35 )μmol/L], the FFA concentration[(421.21 ±200.83) μmol/L] in T2DM has significantly increased (x2 =FFA concentrations were higher in T2DM with hyperlipidemia [(473.04 ±213.40) μmol/L] (x2 =27.93,P <0.01 ). The RSD values for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 5%, and the minimal detection limits ranged from 0.05 μmol/L to 0.35 μmol/L The recoveries of high, intermediate and low-level materials were 96.4% -104.8%. Conclusions The total FFA concentration in T2DM has increased, most of which are saturated FFA. The unsaturated FFA has not significantly increased. They seem to be related to the development of T2DM, and might be a new biomarker for clinical monitoring of metabolic disorder of T2DM.

Objective To study the antidepression action of curcumin and to explore its mechanism. Methods Mouse reserpine-induced depression model and mouse tetrabenazine-induced acquired despair model were used to observe the effect of curcumin on relieving depression. According to the hypothesis of monoamine, the effect of curcumin on activating monoamine, and inhibiting reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters and monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) were observed. Results Curcumin in the dose of 50 mg/kg and more can relieve melancholic symptoms in mice induced by reserpine and tetrabenazine. Curcumin had no direct activation on monoamine either had no obvious inhibition on reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters of noradrenalin, 5-hydroxytriptamine and dopamine . However, Curcumin had an obvious effect on improving rat forelimb spasm induced by tryptamine hydrochloride. Conclusion Curcumin acts like a kind of monoamine oxidase inhibitor, which exerts antidepression action by inhibiting monoamine oxidase activity and increasing the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitter in brain.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of vitamin E in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, The Cochran Library, Embase, OVID/NEJM, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched for the articles on vitamin E in the treatment of NAFLD in children published up to December 2019. The data of 8 parameters were analyzed, i.e., body mass index (BMI), liver enzymes ［alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)］, blood lipid levels ［triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)］, and remission rate of hepatic steatosis. RevMan 5.3 was used to perform a Meta-analysis. Continuous variables were analyzed by standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the changes after intervention were analyzed; categorical variables were analyzed by risk difference (RD) and 95%CI. A fixed effects model was used for homogeneous data, and a random effects model was used for heterogeneous data. Funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias. ResultsA total of 599 articles were retrieved, among which 9 were included in the Meta-analysis, with 607 subjects in total. Vitamin E significantly improved the level of ALT (SMD = -0.27, 95%CI: -0.48 to -0.06, P=0.01), but it did not improve the levels of BMI (SMD=-0.09, 95%CI: -0.28 to 0.10, P=0.34), AST (SMD=-020, 95%CI: -0.42 to 0.02, P=0.07), TG (SMD=-0.19, 95%CI: -0.51 to 0.12, P=0.22), TCHO (SMD=-0.11, 95%CI: -0.31 to 0.08, P=0.24), HDL (SMD=-0.02, 95%CI: -0.27 to 0.23, P=0.88), LDL (SMD= -0.04, 95%CI: -0.27 to 019, P=072), and the remission rate of hepatic steatosis (RD=0.06, 95%CI: -0.05 to 0.17, P=0.29). ConclusionVitamin E can significantly improve the level of ALT in children with NAFLD and can be considered as an adjuvant drug for clinical treatment.

abetes. The inhibition of the NF-κB expres-sion could be an effective strategy for protecting pancreatic islet cells.

Objective:To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of Omalizumab for treating pediatric allergic asthma in real world in China.Methods:The clinical data of children aged 6 to 11 years with allergic asthma who received Omalizumab treatment in 17 hospitals in China between July 6, 2018 and September 30, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Such information as the demographic characteristics, allergic history, family history, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, specific IgE levels, skin prick test, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels, eosinophil (EOS) counts, and comorbidities at baseline were collected.Descriptive analysis of the Omalizumab treatment mode was made, and the difference in the first dose, injection frequency and course of treatment between the Omalizumab treatment mode and the mode recommended in the instruction was investigated.Global Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness (GETE) analysis was made after Omalizumab treatment.The moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation rate, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose, lung functions were compared before and after Omalizumab treatment.Changes in the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) results from baseline to 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 52 weeks after Omalizumab treatment were studied.The commodity improvement was assessed.The adverse event (AE) and serious adverse event (SAE) were analyzed for the evaluation of Omalizumab treatment safety.The difference in the annual rate of moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation and ICS reduction was investigated by using t test.The significance level was set to 0.05.Other parameters were all subject to descriptive analysis.A total of 200 allergic asthma patients were enrolled, including 75.5% ( n=151) males and 24.5% ( n=49) females.The patients aged (8.20±1.81) years. Results:The median total IgE level of the 200 patients was 513.5 (24.4-11 600.0) IU/mL.Their median treatment time with Omalizumab was 112 (1-666) days.Their first dose of Omalizumab was 300 (150-600) mg.Of the 200 cases, 114 cases (57.0%) followed the first Omalizumab dosage recommended in the instruction.After 4-6 months of Omalizumab treatment, 88.5% of the patients enrolled ( n=117) responded to Omalizumab.After 4 weeks of treatment with Omalizumab, asthma was well-controlled, with an increased C-ACT score [from (22.70±3.70) points to (18.90±3.74) points at baseline]. Four-six months after Omalizumab administration, the annual rate of moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation had a reduction of (2.00±5.68) per patient year( t=4.702 5, P<0.001), the median ICS daily dose was lowered [0 (0-240) μg vs. 160 (50-4 000) μg at baseline] ( P<0.001), the PAQLQ score was improved [(154.90±8.57) points vs. (122.80±27.15) points at baseline], and the forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted (FEV 1%pred) was increased [(92.80±10.50)% vs. (89.70±18.17)% at baseline]. In patients with available evaluations for comorbidities, including allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis or eczema, urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis and sinusitis, 92.8%-100.0% showed improved symptoms.A total of 124 AE were reported in 58 (29.0%) of the 200 patients, and the annual incidence was 0(0-15.1) per patient year.In 53 patients who suffered AE, 44 patients (83.0%) and 9 patients (17.0%) reported mild and moderate AE, respectively.No severe AE were observed in patients.The annual incidence of SAE was 0(0-1.9) per patient year.Most common drug-related AE were abdominal pain (2 patients, 1.0%) and fever (2 patients, 1.0%). No patient withdrew Omalizumab due to AE. Conclusions:Omalizumab shows good effectiveness and safety for the treatment of asthma in children.It can reduce the moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation rate, reduce the ICS dose, improve asthma control levels, and improve lung functions and quality of life of patients.