1.Defining the ideal resuscitation strategy for the hypotensive trauma patient.
Talens Eric SM ; Kaw Leoncio L
Philippine Journal of Surgical Specialties 2002;57(3):126-132
The traditional approach to treatment of posttraumatic hypotension generally follows the principle of aggressive fluid resuscitation espoused by the American College of Surgeons in its Advanced Trauma Life Support course. A number of reports published in the last decade however, have questioned the safety and clinical appropriateness of this traditional approach, with recent data demonstrating support for delayed or limited resuscitation. This review discusses the controversies and presents recommendations for the ideal resuscitation strategy for the Filipino trauma patient with hypotension. (Author)
Human ; Advanced Trauma Life Support Care ; Resuscitation ; Fluid Therapy ; Hypotension ; Aggression ; Surgeons
2.Prospective validation of protocol for occult penetrating cardiac injury.
Baccay Michael Martin C ; Kaw Leoncio L ; Esquivel Jaime F
Acta Medica Philippina 2011;45(3):17-19
OBJECTIVE: Preliminary studies done at the Philippine General Hospital have documented the reliability of pericardial ultrasound in the diagnosis of occult penetrating cardiac injury. This study sought to validate a protocol formulated from these studies in a larger trauma patient population at a high-volume center.
METHODS: Over a 2-year period, all hemodynamically stable patients with penetrating injury to the precordial area were managed according to the occult penetrating cardiac injury protocol. Patients with a negative result on pericardial ultrasound were admitted for 24-hour observation. Those with minimal fluid or equivocal findings underwent a subxiphoid pericardiotomy. Patients with moderate to large amounts of fluid on ultrasound, as well as those with positive results on subxiphoid pericardiotomy, underwent definitive surgery. Demographic data, wounding patterns, and clinical course were studied.
RESULTS: Three hundred forty patients were analyzed. Majority (91%) had negative ultrasound results, and where either discharged after 24-hour observation, or were treated for other associated injuries. None developed signs or symptoms of cardiac tamponade on follow-up. Twenty-six patients (8%) had either minimal fluid or equivocal findings. These underwent subxiphoid pericardiotomy, of which 10 had positive cardiac injury while nine had serous fluid. Three had moderate amount of fluid on ultrasound and underwent immediate thoracotomy; all had significant cardiac injury. There were no late complications noted.
CONCLUSION: Our data provides further validation that subxiphoid pericardial ultrasound is effective as an initial tool in ruling out cardiac injury. Because of a significant number of false positives in Filipino patients, those with minimal fluid should undergo subxiphoid pericardiotomy. The finding of moderate fluid is an indication for definitive surgery.
Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Pericardiectomy ; Cardiac Tamponade ; Thoracotomy ; Hospitals, General ; Follow-up Studies ; Philippines ; Reproducibility Of Results ; Heart Injuries ; Pericardium ; Wounds, Penetrating ; Demography
3.Treatment options for hemodialysis-related central vein occlusive disease: Case series and review of literature
Leoncio L. Kaw Jr. ; Adrian E. Manapat ; Patrick Louie C. Maglaya
Acta Medica Philippina 2024;58(3):64-69
Central venous occlusive disease is commonly seen in patients undergoing hemodialysis and can threaten the viability of the arteriovenous access. Majority of cases are related to central venous catheter placement. This paper reports on three patients on chronic hemodialysis who presented with signs and symptoms of upper extremity venous hypertension and underwent three different therapeutic modalities, all with successful relief of symptoms. A review of the existing literature on past and current treatment options is done.
Renal Dialysis
4.Risk factors affecting morbidity and mortality in open repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms: A retrospective cohort study in the University of the Philippines Philippine General Hospital
Eduardo R. Bautista ; Tricia Angela G. Sarile ; Adrian E. Manapat ; Carlo Martin H. Garcia ; Racel Ireneo Luis C. Querol ; Leoncio L. Kaw
Acta Medica Philippina 2024;58(Early Access 2024):1-12
Objectives:
To describe the treatment outcomes of patients who underwent open repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and to determine the risk factors affecting morbidity and mortality.
Methods:
Data were obtained from patients with infrarenal AAAs who underwent open surgical repair at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) from January 2013 to October 31, 2023. These patients’ demographic and clinical profile, and treatment outcomes were evaluated using frequencies and percentages. Student’s t-test and chi-square test were used for the inferential analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality and morbidity.
Results:
In this study, 131 patients underwent open surgical repair of AAA. 82.4% of the patients were males, and 45.8% were between 61-70 years old. The majority of them had hypertension (81.4%) and were smokers (75%). The mortality rate was 17.6%, while the morbidity rate was 35.9%. For elective operations, the mortality was 8.9%, and for ruptured aneurysms, it was 56.5%. Eleven factors associated with mortality included ruptured aneurysm (OR=11.5, 95%CI=4.1 to 32.2), decreased hemoglobin (OR=1.1, 95%CI=1.05 to 1.2), decreased hematocrit (OR=1.1, 95%CI=1.06 to 1.4), emergency surgery (OR=10.3, 95%CI=2.9 to 36.3), higher volume of blood loss (OR=1.5, 95%CI=1.5 to 1.9), higher red cell transfusion (OR=1.3, 95%CI=1.1-1.5), intraoperative cardiopulmonary (CP) arrest (OR=15.9, 95%CI=1.6 to 159.2), need for multiple inotropes (OR=2.7, 95%CI=1.5-4.8), intraoperative hypotension (OR=3.6, 95%CI=1.4-9.7), juxta-renal location (OR=5.0, 95%CI=1.2 to 10.0), and presence of any complication (OR=5.7, 95%CI=2.1-15.1). Seven factors associated with morbidity included ruptured aneurysm (OR=3.9, 95%CI=1.5 to 9.8), decreased preoperative hemoglobin (OR=1.2, 95%CI=1.1 to 1.4), decreased preoperative hematocrit (OR=1.5, 95%CI=1.1 to 1.7), elevated preoperative creatinine (OR=1.1, 95%CI=1.06 to 1.9), higher intra-operative blood loss (OR=1.4, 95%CI=1.1 to 1.6), higher red cell transfusion (OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.3-2.1), and preexisting chronic renal disease (OR=3.3, 95%CI=1.4 to 7.5). Other preoperative and intraoperative factors did not show a significant association with mortality or morbidity.
Conclusion
The open repair of an infrarenal AAA is linked to high overall mortality (17.6%) and morbidity (35.9%). The mortality rate for elective repair was 8.9%, but it significantly increased to 56.5% in cases of ruptured aneurysms. Factors with very high Odds Ratio such as emergency surgery, ruptured aneurysm, cardiac arrests during surgery, complex juxtarenal anatomy, and postoperative complications can lead to a high chance of mortality. Healthcare professionals should be vigilant and focus on early detection and repair of abdominal aneurysms to prevent emergency surgery, rupture, and mortality. It is crucial to prevent acute kidney injury, acute respiratory failure, and pneumonia, as these are common complications of open repair.
morbidity
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mortality