The studies on the chemical compositions and pharmacological actions of Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai were systemized and compared with those of the other plants of Chaenomeles in this paper. The pharmacological effects of the fruit of Chaenomeles inclu-ding anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and analgesia, antibacterial, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic action and so on were reviewed to provide scientific basis for the further studies and utilization of Chaenomeles.

Objective To discuss the effect and related mechanism on epithelial?mesenchymal transition(EMT)process and invasive ability of the trophoblasts JEG?3 by targeted silencing of Notch?1 gene. Methods Notch?1?siRNA interference fragment was designed and synthesized to sta?bly transfect JEG?3 cells. Changes in the invasive ability of trophoblasts were detected by Transwell chamber invasion assay. The expressions of Notch?1 ,E?cadherin ,vimentin and EMT transcriptive regulators slug ,snail ,twist were analyzed in transfected trophoblasts by Western blot. Results The relative expression of Notch?1 protein in JEG?3 and the invasive ability of JEG?3 were significantly decreased after transfection with Notch?1?siRNA,the expression of the epithelial indictor E?cadherin was significantly increased while the mesenchymal indicator vimentin was de?creased with the reduction of EMT transcriptive regulators slug,snail and twist. Conclusion The invasion of trophoblasts was affected by targeted si?lencing of Notch?1 gene and Notch?1 can reduce the invasion of trophoblasts through influencing EMT process.

Objective To observe the effects of over-expression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) on the transformation of pulmonary fibroblasts in radiation damaged rats. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats (weighed 250-280g) were randomly assigned into control group and 1, 2 and 4 weeks after irradiation groups (8 each). The whole lungs of rats in irradiation groups were irradiated by 60 Co ?-ray at a dose of 20Gy, and the lung specimens were harvested 1, 2 and 4 weeks after radiation. The change of MMP-12 activity was detected by gelatin zymography, the degradation and collapse of elastic fibers were observed by tissue specific staining, the "cross talking" phenomenon between alveolar type Ⅱ cells and mesenchymal cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy, the content of TGF-?1 was determined by ELISA, and the expression of ?-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results MMP-12 activity began increasing 1 week after irradiation, and seemed to decrease 4 weeks after irradiation. Elastin, a part of the basement membrane of alveolar wall, began to degrade and collapse 1 week after radiation, and became worse 4 weeks after irradiation. The expressions of both TGF-?1 and ?-SMA were elevated gradually within 4 weeks after radiation. The "cross talking" phenomenon was found by electron microscopy between alveolar type Ⅱ cells and mesenchymal cells. Conclusions Increased activity of pulmonary MMP-12 has been found after radiation, which may promote the transformation of pulmonary fibroblasts by degrading elastin and ultimately initiate the pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between depression and trait coping style in Chongqing middle school students.Methods Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) were adopted in the study to test the randomly sampled 1 596 middle school students of Chongqing.Results Students’ depression rate was a little bit high (58.4%).The differences in depression (41.20?7.83),other factors [psychological disorder (3.30?1.36),physical disorder (15.19?3.01),psychomotor disturbance (4.43?1.25) and mental disorder (18.27?4.70)],and trait coping style [positive coping style (29.5?8.5) and negative coping style (23.0?7.8)] was significant among genders,grades and school types.Students’ depression was in correlation with positive (besides psychological disorder factor,r=-0.483,-0.267,-0.272,and-0.553) and negative coping style (r=0.242,0.618,0.175,0.190,and 0.098) in different degrees.Coping style was a valuable predictor of students’ depression.Conclusion Students’ depression is significantly correlated to trait coping style in middle school students.Positive coping style can reduce the rate of student’s depression.

Purpose:To study the relationship between the expression of the BRCA 1 protein and clinico pathological characteristics of breast cancer,and to clarify the correlation of the expression of the BRCA 1 protein with expression of p53 and c erbB 2 . Methods:The expressions of BRCA 1 , p53 and c erbB 2 of breast cancer tissues taken from 60 breast cancer patients as well as 10 benign breast disease patients were examined using immunohistochemical LDP method. All tissues were taken from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded breast tumor specimens. We analyzed the correlation of the results with other parameters which included age of onset, family history, histological grade, status of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, axillary nodal status and so on. Results:The expression of BRCA 1 was 61.66% (37/60) in breast cancer patients and 0 (0/10) in benign diseases patients. The protein expressed was mainly located in the cytoplasm. The correlation between age of onset and the expression of BRCA 1 was significant (r=-0.295, P

Objective To investigate the effects of adenovirus containing human beta-nerve growth factor (Ad-hNGFβ) gene on substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) content of the spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain by chronic constrictive injury (CCI). Methods Forty-eight male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=16 each) : group Ⅰ sham operation; group Ⅱ CCI and group Ⅲ CCI + Ad-hNGFβ gene IT. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal choral hydrate 300-350 mg/kg. The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1-2 nun intervals as described by Bennet and Xie[5]. In sham operation group, right sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. In group Ⅰ and Ⅱ artificial cerebrnspinal fluid was injected IT instead of Ad-hNGFβ gene. The behavior score and the paw-withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant heat and mechanical stimulus were measured one day before operation and every 4 days within the 28 days after gene transfection. Four animals were killed at 4, 7, 14 and 28 day after IT gene transfection in each group and lumbar segment (L4-6 ) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of SP and CGRP content by immunohistochemistry. Results The behavior scores were significantly higher and PWL to radiant heat and mechanical stimulus were significantly lower in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group Ⅰ. There was no significant difference in the behavior score and PWL to mechanical stimulus between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ while the PWL to radiant heat was significantly higher in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ. After operation SP and CGRP content were significantly higher in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ than in group Ⅰ , and significangly lower in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ 7-28 days after operation. Conclusion The recomhinant Ad-hNGFβ gene transfection can attenuate heat hyperalgesia by reducing SP and CGRP content of the spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by CCI.

Objective Cancer radio-therapy may induce bone damage of the patients.collagen type I gene expressions in osteoblast after radiation indicates the influence of radiation on the function of early and late osteoblast.Methods Bone marrow stromal cells were differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro.and the characteristics was indentified.The collagen type I expressions in early and late stage osteoblasts exposed to 1～4Gy radiation were examined by RT-PCR.Results Compared to control group,collagen type I gene expressions increased in early osteoblast after 1～3 Gy radiation (P＜0.05),while the gene expressions in late osteoblast that cultured 10 days decreased.Collagen type I gene expression in late stage ostoblast after 4 Gy irradiation was greatly higher than that in early stage osteoblast (P＜0.01).Conclusion After 1～3 Gy irradiation,the collagen type I expression in early osteoblast was enhanced,indicating the increased ability of bone formation.The exposure to 1～3 Gy decreased collagen type I expression in late osteoblast and weakened the ability of bone formation.The result of high expression of collagen type I in late osteoblast after 4 Gy irradiation may be the manifestation of compensatory function.

Objective · To explore the biological characteristics of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and its effects on proliferation and differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs). Methods · The whole blood was collected from the forelimb vein of healthy beagles to prepare the PRF membrane, which were observed with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. ADSCs were collected from the inguinaladipose tissue and were isolated and cultured. Identification of multi-directionaldifferentiation potential was performed. ADSCs were assigned to the PRF group and the control group, the former was treated with PRF in vitro. Cell proliferation wasmeasured with CCK-8. Osteogenesis induction was performed for two groups and the expression of genes associated with osteogenesis, including osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and collagen I (Col- Ⅰ ), was measured with RT-PCR before induction and 4 and 7 days after induction. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activitywas measured 7 days after induction. Results · PRF is a milk white fibrin glue with elasticity and toughness. PRF can form loose and porous three dimensional network structure, which harbors lots of platelets and leucocytes. The cell proliferation activity was significantly higher in the PRF group than in the control group. After osteogenesis induction, the ALP activity and the mRNA levels of OCN, OPN, and Col- Ⅰ were significantly increased. Conclusion · PRF is a fibrin glue with three dimension network structure and contains lots of platelets, which can slowly release growth factors. PRF can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.

Aged, 80 and over ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; surgery ; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male

Objective To find the best time to remeasure temperature after cooling with evidence-based practice. Methods Used Johns Hopkins′ Evidence Based Practice Tool to find the best time to remeasure temperature after cooling. That tool included three steps which were establish problem, evidence synthesis and transfer evaluation. Results The best time to remeasure temperature after physical cooling was 30 minutes. The best time to remeasure temperature after drug cooling was 60 minutes. The best time to remeasure temperature after physical and drug combination cooling was 30 minutes after physical cooling and 60 minutes after using drug. Conclusion The best time to remeasure temperature after cooling was different because of the different cooling methods.