Objective To examine the efficacy of applying clinical pathway (CP) teaching model in orthopedics clinical teaching.Methods Totally 64 medical undergraduates were randomized into 2 groups.The traditional teaching method and CP model were separately preformed on them.Their scores of theoretical,manipulation and case analysis exams at the end of internship were compared.Meanwhile the questionnaire of satisfaction degree also was conducted.Results Scores of exams and satisfaction degree were better in CP group than in classical group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The novel CP model can promote the standardization and systematization of clinical teaching in orthopedics.It is conducive to evaluating teaching effect and performing teaching reform.Meanwhile,it is in accordance with the problem-based learning and can improve clinical teaching effect and satisfaction degree.

It is now widely accepted that platelet aggregation plays an important role in physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Anti-platelet aggregation drug research is also a hot spot of current research. The biggest challenge of antiplatelet therapy has been the molecular overlap of the hemostasis and thrombosis, leading to a serious risk of bleeding. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of shear stress generated from blood flow, which will primarily drive platelet activation and aggregation in thrombosis. So if we can take advantage of the differences between the physiological and pathological vascular blood flow environment, the development of selective anti-platelet therapy may be a safer treatment for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of shear-induced platelet activation. Later, we summarize the effects and mechanisms of compounds and traditional Chinese medicine on shear-induced platelet activation. The aim is to provide a reference for the study of biological pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on post-stroke insomnia between the low-frequency electric stimulation at the acupoints and the conventional western medication.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty patients of post-stroke insomnia were randomized into a low-frequency electric stimulation group, a medication group and a placebo group, 40 cases in each one. In the low-frequency electric stimulation group, the low-frequency electric-pulsing apparatus was used at Dazhui (GV 14) and Shenshu (BL 23), once a day; the treatment of 15 days made one session and 2 sessions were required. In the medication group, estazolam was taken orally, 1 mg each time. In the placebo group, starch capsules were taken orally, 1 capsule each time. All the drugs were taken before sleep every night, continuously for 15 days as one session, and 2 sessions were required. PSQI changes and clinical efficacy were observed before and after treatment in each group.

RESULTSPitlsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score was reduced in every group after treatment (all P < 0.01). In the low-frequency electric stimulation group and medication group, the score was reduced much more significantly as compared with the placebo group (both P < 0.01). In the placebo group, 1 case was rejected. The total effective rates were 95.0% (38/40), 92.5% (37/40) and 17.9% (7/39) in the low-frequency electric stimulation group, medication group and placebo group separately. The efficacy in the low-frequency electric stimulation group and medication group was better apparently than that in the placebo group (both P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe low-frequency electric stimulation at the acupoints effectively and safely treats post-stroke insomnia and the efficacy of it is similar to that of estazolam.

Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; etiology ; therapy ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

Hip ; diagnostic imaging ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In this article, the projects in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics funded by NSFC during "10th Five Year Plan" (2001~2005) in China were reviewed. The major research fields of these projects in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics funded by NSFC during the financial years were overviewed and analyzed. Finally, current problems in these research fields in China were also briefly analyzed.

Only a specifc subset of cancer cells in each tumor with characteristics of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation is responsible for tumor initiation,propagation and chemoresistance,they are termed as cancer initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). This review summarizes the latest advances about the isolation and identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells and and its relationship with invasion and metastasis,chemotherapy resistance.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of herb therapy for benefiting qi and removing blood stasis on ultrastructure of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of uterine endometrium in rabbits with copper intrauterine device. METHODS: Fifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups, which were normal control group, sham-operation group, untreated group, indomethacin-treated group and low-, medium- and high-dose Gonghuan Zhixueling Recipe (GHZXLR)-treated groups. The rabbits in the last five groups were operated with copper IUD insertion and then orally given distilled water, indomethacin and low-, medium- and high-dose GHZXLR respectively for at least one week. Rabbits in the normal control group and sham-operation group were given distilled water orally. The ultrastructure of VECs and VSMCs of uterine endometrium in rabbits was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The morphological changes of VSMCs revealed intracellular edema, organelle disintegration and decrease of organelle amount, or cell atrophy and vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria in the untreated group, and the amount of collagen fibers also increased outside the VSMCs. Local interstitial edema in subendothelial substance and vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria in VECs were both observed. The ultrastructural damages to the mitochondria, Golgi bodies and myofilament of VECs and VSMCs and the intercellular substance in GHZXLR-treated groups were slighter than those in the untreated group, while these damages had no significant differences as compared with those in the indomethacin-treated group. CONCLUSION: The Chinese herb therapy for benefiting qi for removing blood stasis has the protective effect on VECs of uterine endometrium in the rabbits with copper intrauterine device. It appears to be a good treatment for menorrhagia induced by copper IUD insertion.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the hemostatic and analgesic effect of Gonghuan Zhixue Tablet (GHZXT) on mice and to produce experimental evidence for exploiting new drug for endometrorrhagia caused by Cu-intrauterine contraceptive device (Cu-IUD). METHODS: Compared with 6-aminocaproic acid and notoginseng, the effects of GHZXT on clotting and bleeding time of mice with capillary method and severed tail were investigated; and compared with aspirin, the analgesic effects of GHZXT on mice were investigated with hot plate and torsive body method. RESULTS: The clotting time of mice was remarkably shortened with a rising of the dosage of GHZXT and the difference between each therapeutic group and distilled water group was remarkable. As compared with distilled water group, the bleeding time of each dosage group of GHZXT was obviously shortened; and each dosage of GHZXT could prolong the time of pain reaction to hot plate and decrease the degree of torsive body of the mice. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological experiment has proved that GHZXT has evident hemostatic and analgesic function.

Allergic reactions caused by traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) become a greatest concern in the clinic application safety. The integral animal evaluation method commonly used in the preclinical evaluation for allergic reactions of TCMIs was not sensitive, specific, quick and objective in observation indexes. Therefore, more researchers have paid attention to the in vitro test method for evaluating allergic reactions induced by TCMIs. Currently, the methods for evaluating allergic reactions induced by TCMIs are mainly targeted at type I allergic reaction and anaphylactic reaction, with only a few in vitro methods for evaluating type II allergic reaction. In this paper, researchers summarized relevant literatures published about evaluation methods for allergic reactions induced by TCMIs in recent years.
Animals ; Complement Activation ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects